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Sponge spicule, the Glossary

Spicules are structural elements found in most sponges.^[1]

86 relations: Adriatic Sea, Algae, Animal, Apomorphy and synapomorphy, Archaeocyte, Basal (phylogenetics), Biogenic silica, Biological membrane, Biomineralization, Body plan, Calcareous sponge, Calcium carbonate, Calthrop, Cambrian explosion, Carbonic anhydrase, Catalysis, Cell (biology), Cell membrane, Challenger expedition, Chemical impurity, Chert, Clionaida, Cylinder, Cytosol, Demosponge, Depositional environment, Ediacaran, Ediacaran biota, End-Ediacaran extinction, Endoskeleton, Eocene, Erulus, Exoskeleton, Filigree, Franz Eilhard Schulze, Geodia, Geodia atlantica, Geodia macandrewii, Geodiidae, Hexactinellid, Hilum (biology), Histidine, Homosclerophorida, Isotopes of silicon, Lamella (cell biology), Lens, Marine sediment, Microfossil, Microscopic scale, Mitochondrion, ... Expand index (36 more) »
Sponge anatomy

Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.

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Algae

Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Apomorphy and synapomorphy

In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy).

See Sponge spicule and Apomorphy and synapomorphy

Archaeocyte

Archaeocytes (from Greek archaios "beginning" and kytos "hollow vessel") or amoebocytes are amoeboid cells found in sponges. Sponge spicule and Archaeocyte are sponge anatomy.

See Sponge spicule and Archaeocyte

Basal (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

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Biogenic silica

Biogenic silica (bSi), also referred to as opal, biogenic opal, or amorphous opaline silica, forms one of the most widespread biogenic minerals.

See Sponge spicule and Biogenic silica

A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another.

See Sponge spicule and Biological membrane

Biomineralization

Biomineralization, also written biomineralisation, is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened mineralized tissues. Sponge spicule and Biomineralization are Skeletal system.

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Body plan

A body plan, Bauplan, or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals.

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Calcareous sponge

The calcareous sponges (class Calcarea) are members of the animal phylum Porifera, the cellular sponges.

See Sponge spicule and Calcareous sponge

Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

See Sponge spicule and Calcium carbonate

Calthrop

Calthrop may refer to.

See Sponge spicule and Calthrop

Cambrian explosion

The Cambrian explosion (also known as Cambrian radiation or Cambrian diversification) is an interval of time approximately in the Cambrian period of the early Paleozoic when a sudden radiation of complex life occurred, and practically all major animal phyla started appearing in the fossil record.

See Sponge spicule and Cambrian explosion

Carbonic anhydrase

The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions).

See Sponge spicule and Carbonic anhydrase

Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.

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Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

See Sponge spicule and Cell membrane

Challenger expedition

The Challenger expedition of 1872–1876 was a scientific programme that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography.

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Chemical impurity

In chemistry and materials science, impurities are chemical substances inside a confined amount of liquid, gas, or solid.

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Chert

Chert is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).

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Clionaida

Clionaida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

See Sponge spicule and Clionaida

Cylinder

A cylinder has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes.

See Sponge spicule and Cylinder

Cytosol

The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)).

See Sponge spicule and Cytosol

Demosponge

Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera.

See Sponge spicule and Demosponge

Depositional environment

In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record.

See Sponge spicule and Depositional environment

Ediacaran

The Ediacaran is a geological period of the Neoproterozoic Era that spans 96 million years from the end of the Cryogenian Period at 635 Mya to the beginning of the Cambrian Period at 538.8 Mya.

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Ediacaran biota

The Ediacaran (formerly Vendian) biota is a taxonomic period classification that consists of all life forms that were present on Earth during the Ediacaran Period.

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End-Ediacaran extinction

The end-Ediacaran extinction is a mass extinction believed to have occurred near the end of the Ediacaran period, the final period of the Proterozoic eon.

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Endoskeleton

An endoskeleton (From Greek ἔνδον, éndon. Sponge spicule and endoskeleton are Skeletal system.

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Eocene

The Eocene is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma).

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Erulus

In Vergil's Aeneid, Erulus is a king of Praeneste.

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Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω éxō "outer" and σκελετός skeletós "skeleton") is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g.

See Sponge spicule and Exoskeleton

Filigree

Filigree (also less commonly spelled filagree, and formerly written filigrann or filigrene) is a form of intricate metalwork used in jewellery and other small forms of metalwork.

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Franz Eilhard Schulze

Franz Eilhard Schulze (22 March 1840 – 2 November 1921) was a German anatomist and zoologist born in Eldena, near Greifswald.

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Geodia

Geodia is a genus of sea sponge belonging to the family Geodiidae.

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Geodia atlantica

Geodia atlantica is a species of sponge in the family Geodiidae.

See Sponge spicule and Geodia atlantica

Geodia macandrewii

Geodia macandrewii is a species of sponge in the family Geodiidae.

See Sponge spicule and Geodia macandrewii

Geodiidae

Geodiidae is a family of sea sponges.

See Sponge spicule and Geodiidae

Hexactinellid

Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges.

See Sponge spicule and Hexactinellid

Hilum (biology)

In botany, a hilum (pronounced) is a scar or mark left on a seed coat by the former attachment to the ovary wall or to the funiculus (which in turn attaches to the ovary wall).

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Histidine

Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

See Sponge spicule and Histidine

Homosclerophorida

Homosclerophorida is an order of marine sponges.

See Sponge spicule and Homosclerophorida

Isotopes of silicon

Silicon (14Si) has 23 known isotopes, with mass numbers ranging from 22 to 44.

See Sponge spicule and Isotopes of silicon

Lamella (cell biology)

A lamella (lamellae) in biology refers to a thin layer, membrane or plate of tissue.

See Sponge spicule and Lamella (cell biology)

Lens

A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.

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Marine sediment

Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor.

See Sponge spicule and Marine sediment

Microfossil

A microfossil is a fossil that is generally between 0.001 mm and 1 mm in size, the visual study of which requires the use of light or electron microscopy.

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Microscopic scale

The microscopic scale is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly.

See Sponge spicule and Microscopic scale

Mitochondrion

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.

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Monorhaphis

Monorhaphis is a monotypic genus of siliceous deep sea Hexactinellid sponges.

See Sponge spicule and Monorhaphis

Morphology (biology)

Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

See Sponge spicule and Morphology (biology)

Multicellular organism

A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.

See Sponge spicule and Multicellular organism

Ocean current

An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences.

See Sponge spicule and Ocean current

Optical fiber

An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light from one end to the other.

See Sponge spicule and Optical fiber

Permian

The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya.

See Sponge spicule and Permian

Phanerozoic

The Phanerozoic is the current and the latest of the four geologic eons in the Earth's geologic time scale, covering the time period from 538.8 million years ago to the present.

See Sponge spicule and Phanerozoic

Placospongia

Placospongia is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Placospongiidae.

See Sponge spicule and Placospongia

Placospongiidae

Placospongiidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Clionaida.

See Sponge spicule and Placospongiidae

Proterozoic

The Proterozoic is the third of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8Mya, the longest eon of the Earth's geologic time scale.

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Refractive index

In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium.

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Richard Hanitsch

Karl Richard Hanitsch (22 December 1860 – 11 August 1940) was a German-born entomologist and museum curator who served as the director of the Raffles Museum in Singapore in the early 20th century.

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Robert Edmond Grant

Robert Edmond Grant MD FRCPEd FRS FRSE FZS FGS (11 November 1793 – 23 August 1874) was a British anatomist and zoologist.

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Scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

See Sponge spicule and Scanning electron microscope

Sclerocyte

Sclerocytes are specialised cells that secrete the mineralized structures in the body wall of some invertebrates. Sponge spicule and Sclerocyte are sponge anatomy.

See Sponge spicule and Sclerocyte

Sequence homology

Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life.

See Sponge spicule and Sequence homology

Shrimp

A shrimp (shrimp (US) or shrimps (UK) is a crustacean (a form of shellfish) with an elongated body and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – typically belonging to the Caridea or Dendrobranchiata of the order Decapoda, although some crustaceans outside of this order are also referred to as "shrimp".

See Sponge spicule and Shrimp

Silica cycle

The silica cycle is the biogeochemical cycle in which biogenic silica is transported between the Earth's systems.

See Sponge spicule and Silica cycle

Siliceous sponge

The siliceous sponges form a major group of the phylum Porifera, consisting of classes Demospongiae and Hexactinellida.

See Sponge spicule and Siliceous sponge

Silicic acid

In chemistry, a silicic acid is any chemical compound containing the element silicon attached to oxide and hydroxyl groups, with the general formula or, equivalently,.

See Sponge spicule and Silicic acid

Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.

See Sponge spicule and Silicon dioxide

Skeleton

A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals.

See Sponge spicule and Skeleton

Sponge

Sponges (also known as sea sponges), the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts.

See Sponge spicule and Sponge

Spongin

Spongin, a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges.

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Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

See Sponge spicule and Symbiosis

Systematics

Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.

See Sponge spicule and Systematics

Taphonomy

Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record.

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Taxonomy (biology)

In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.

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Undescribed taxon

In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named.

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The Urmetazoan is the hypothetical last common ancestor of all animals, or metazoans.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_spicule

Also known as Dendroclone, Isochela, Isochelae, Macrosclere, Megasclere, Microsclere, Spicule (sponge), Spicules of silicious sponges, Spiculite, Sponge spicules, Tornote, Tornotes.

, Molecular biology, Monorhaphis, Morphology (biology), Multicellular organism, Ocean current, Optical fiber, Permian, Phanerozoic, Placospongia, Placospongiidae, Proterozoic, Refractive index, Richard Hanitsch, Robert Edmond Grant, Scanning electron microscope, Sclerocyte, Sequence homology, Shrimp, Silica cycle, Siliceous sponge, Silicic acid, Silicon dioxide, Skeleton, Sponge, Spongin, Symbiosis, Systematics, Taphonomy, Taxonomy (biology), Undescribed taxon, Urmetazoan, Valdivia, Venus' flower basket, Vitaliano Donati, Waveguide, William Johnson Sollas.

Sponge spicule, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Sponge anatomy

References