Spontaneous process, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 18 relations: Chemical reaction, Diffusion, Endergonic reaction, Enthalpy, Entropy, Environment (systems), Gibbs free energy, Helmholtz free energy, Isolated system, Pressure, Second law of thermodynamics, Temperature, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Thermodynamic free energy, Thermodynamic process, Thermodynamic system, Thermodynamics, Volume.

2. Chemical thermodynamics

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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Endergonic reaction

In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this reaction.

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy is the sum of a thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

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Entropy

Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.

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Environment (systems)

In science and engineering, a system is the part of the universe that is being studied, while the environment is the remainder of the universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system.

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Gibbs free energy

In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol G) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure-volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.

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Helmholtz free energy

In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz energy) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature (isothermal).

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Isolated system

In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Spontaneous process and Pressure are thermodynamics.

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Second law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Spontaneous process and Temperature are thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium

Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics. Spontaneous process and thermodynamic equilibrium are thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamic free energy

In thermodynamics, the thermodynamic free energy is one of the state functions of a thermodynamic system (the others being internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, etc.). The change in the free energy is the maximum amount of work that the system can perform in a process at constant temperature, and its sign indicates whether the process is thermodynamically favorable or forbidden.

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Thermodynamic process

Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic processes: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes. Spontaneous process and thermodynamic process are thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamic system

A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation separate from its surroundings that can be studied using the laws of thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.

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Volume

Volume is a measure of regions in three-dimensional space.

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See also

Chemical thermodynamics

• Chemical potential
• Chemical thermodynamics
• Component (thermodynamics)
• Davies equation
• Electron bifurcation
• Endothermic process
• Enthalpy–entropy compensation
• Excess chemical potential
• Exergonic process
• Exothermic process
• Frigorific mixture
• Fugacity
• Fugacity capacity
• Gibbs–Duhem equation
• Hess's law
• Ideal solution
• Isothermal titration calorimetry
• Multimedia fugacity model
• Overlapping distribution method
• Partial molar property
• Pitzer equations
• Regular solution
• Spontaneous process
• Stefan's formula
• Terrace ledge kink model
• Thermodynamic versus kinetic reaction control

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_process

Also known as Spontaneous change, Spontaneous reaction.