Sprachbund, the Glossary
A sprachbund (Sprachbund, lit. "language federation"), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact.[1]
Table of Contents
149 relations: Affix, Agglutinative language, Akkadian language, Albanian language, Alexander Gode, Alfred Irving Hallowell, Altaic languages, Amdo Tibetan, Anatolia, André-Georges Haudricourt, Areal feature, Austroasiatic languages, Austronesian languages, Balkan sprachbund, Baltic states, Balto-Slavic languages, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Bulgarian language, Bushi language, Calque, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cham language, Chamic languages, Classifier (linguistics), Discourse marker, Dravidian languages, East Timor, Echo word, Edward Sapir, English language, Ethiopia, Ethiopian language area, Europe, French language, Future tense, Gansu, Geolinguistics, Gerard Clauson, Gerhard Doerfer, German language, Germanic languages, Gilaki language, Grammar, Greek language, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Hmong–Mien languages, Hopi language, Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-European languages, Indonesia, ... Expand index (99 more) »
Affix
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.
Agglutinative language
An agglutinative language is a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination.
See Sprachbund and Agglutinative language
Akkadian language
Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.
See Sprachbund and Akkadian language
Albanian language
Albanian (endonym: shqip, gjuha shqipe, or arbërisht) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group.
See Sprachbund and Albanian language
Alexander Gode
Alexander Gottfried Friedrich Gode-von Aesch (October 30, 1906 – August 10, 1970) was a German-born American linguist, translator and the driving force behind the creation of the auxiliary language Interlingua.
See Sprachbund and Alexander Gode
Alfred Irving Hallowell
Alfred Irving "Pete" Hallowell (1892–1974) was an American anthropologist, archaeologist and businessman.
See Sprachbund and Alfred Irving Hallowell
Altaic languages
Altaic is a controversial proposed language family that would include the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families and possibly also the Japonic and Koreanic languages.
See Sprachbund and Altaic languages
Amdo Tibetan
Amdo Tibetan (also called Am kä) is the Tibetic language spoken in Amdo (now mostly in Qinghai, some in Ngawa and Gannan).
See Sprachbund and Amdo Tibetan
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
André-Georges Haudricourt
André-Georges Haudricourt (17 January 1911 – 20 August 1996) was a French botanist, anthropologist and linguist.
See Sprachbund and André-Georges Haudricourt
Areal feature
In geolinguistics, areal features are elements shared by languages or dialects in a geographic area, particularly when such features are not descended from a proto-language, i.e. a common ancestor language.
See Sprachbund and Areal feature
Austroasiatic languages
The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family spoken throughout Mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.
See Sprachbund and Austroasiatic languages
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan (by Taiwanese indigenous peoples).
See Sprachbund and Austronesian languages
Balkan sprachbund
The Balkan sprachbund or Balkan language area is an ensemble of areal features—similarities in grammar, syntax, vocabulary and phonology—among the languages of the Balkans.
See Sprachbund and Balkan sprachbund
Baltic states
The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
See Sprachbund and Baltic states
Balto-Slavic languages
The Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic and Slavic languages.
See Sprachbund and Balto-Slavic languages
Benjamin Lee Whorf
Benjamin Lee Whorf (April 24, 1897 – July 26, 1941) was an American linguist and fire prevention engineer best known for proposing the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis.
See Sprachbund and Benjamin Lee Whorf
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian (bŭlgarski ezik) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria.
See Sprachbund and Bulgarian language
Bushi language
Bushi or Kibosy (Shibushi or Kibushi) is a dialect of Malagasy spoken in the Indian Ocean island of Mayotte.
See Sprachbund and Bushi language
Calque
In linguistics, a calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
See Sprachbund and Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cham language
Cham (Cham: ꨌꩌ, Jawi: چام) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Austronesian family, spoken by the Chams of Southeast Asia.
See Sprachbund and Cham language
Chamic languages
The Chamic languages, also known as Aceh–Chamic and Acehnese–Chamic, are a group of ten languages spoken in Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia) and in parts of Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and Hainan, China.
See Sprachbund and Chamic languages
Classifier (linguistics)
A classifier (abbreviated or) is a word or affix that accompanies nouns and can be considered to "classify" a noun depending on some characteristics (e.g. humanness, animacy, sex, shape, social status) of its referent.
See Sprachbund and Classifier (linguistics)
Discourse marker
A discourse marker is a word or a phrase that plays a role in managing the flow and structure of discourse.
See Sprachbund and Discourse marker
Dravidian languages
The Dravidian languages (sometimes called Dravidic) are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, mainly in southern India, north-east Sri Lanka, and south-west Pakistan, with pockets elsewhere in South Asia.
See Sprachbund and Dravidian languages
East Timor
East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-western half, and the minor islands of Atauro and Jaco. The western half of the island of Timor is administered by Indonesia.
Echo word
Echo word is a linguistic term that refers to a particular kind of reduplication which is a widespread areal feature in the languages of South Asia.
Edward Sapir
Edward Sapir (January 26, 1884 – February 4, 1939) was an American anthropologist-linguist, who is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in the development of the discipline of linguistics in the United States.
See Sprachbund and Edward Sapir
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Sprachbund and English language
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
Ethiopian language area
The Ethiopian language area is a hypothesized linguistic area that was first proposed by Charles A. Ferguson (1970, 1976), who posited a number of phonological and morphosyntactic features that were found widely across Ethiopia and Eritrea, including the Ethio-Semitic, Cushitic and Omotic languages but not the Nilo-Saharan languages.
See Sprachbund and Ethiopian language area
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
See Sprachbund and French language
Future tense
In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.
See Sprachbund and Future tense
Gansu
Gansu is an inland province in Northwestern China.
Geolinguistics
Geolinguistics has been identified by some as being a branch of linguistics and by others as being an offshoot of language geography which is further defined in terms of being a branch of human geography.
See Sprachbund and Geolinguistics
Gerard Clauson
Sir Gerard Leslie Makins Clauson (28 April 1891 – 1 May 1974) was an English civil servant, businessman, and Orientalist best known for his studies of the Turkic languages.
See Sprachbund and Gerard Clauson
Gerhard Doerfer
Gerhard Doerfer (8 March 1920 – 27 December 2003) was a German Turkologist, Altaicist, and philologist best known for his studies of the Turkic languages, especially Khalaj.
See Sprachbund and Gerhard Doerfer
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
See Sprachbund and German language
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa.
See Sprachbund and Germanic languages
Gilaki language
Gilaki (گیلٚکي زٚوؤن ɡilɵki zɵvön) is an Iranian language of the Northwestern branch, spoken in south of Caspian Sea by Gilak people.
See Sprachbund and Gilaki language
Grammar
In linguistics, a grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Sprachbund and Greek language
Gustaf John Ramstedt
Gustaf John Ramstedt (October 22, 1873 – November 25, 1950) was a Finnish diplomat, orientalist and linguist.
See Sprachbund and Gustaf John Ramstedt
Hmong–Mien languages
The Hmong–Mien languages (also known as Miao–Yao and rarely as Yangtzean) are a highly tonal language family of southern China and northern Southeast Asia.
See Sprachbund and Hmong–Mien languages
Hopi language
Hopi (Hopi: Hopílavayi) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Hopi people (a Puebloan group) of northeastern Arizona, United States.
See Sprachbund and Hopi language
Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family.
See Sprachbund and Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Sprachbund and Indo-European languages
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Infinitive
Infinitive (abbreviated) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs.
Inflection
In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness.
Interlingua
Interlingua is an international auxiliary language (IAL) developed between 1937 and 1951 by the American International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA).
See Sprachbund and Interlingua
International Congress of Linguists
The International Congress of Linguists (ICL) takes place every five years, under the governance of the Permanent International Committee of Linguists (PICL) / Comité International Permanent des Linguistes.
See Sprachbund and International Congress of Linguists
Isogloss
An isogloss, also called a heterogloss, is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or the use of some morphological or syntactic feature.
Isolating language
An isolating language is a type of language with a morpheme per word ratio close to one, and with no inflectional morphology whatsoever.
See Sprachbund and Isolating language
Jan Baudouin de Courtenay
Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay, also Ivan Alexandrovich Baudouin de Courtenay (Иван Александрович Бодуэн де Куртенэ; 13 March 1845 – 3 November 1929) was a Polish linguist and Slavist, best known for his theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations.
See Sprachbund and Jan Baudouin de Courtenay
Japonic languages
Japonic or Japanese–Ryukyuan (Nichiryū gozoku), sometimes also Japanic, is a language family comprising Japanese, spoken in the main islands of Japan, and the Ryukyuan languages, spoken in the Ryukyu Islands.
See Sprachbund and Japonic languages
Jernej Kopitar
Jernej Kopitar, also known as Bartholomeus Kopitar (21 August 1780 – 11 August 1844), was a Slovene linguist and philologist working in Vienna.
See Sprachbund and Jernej Kopitar
John Bissell Carroll
John Bissell Carroll (June 5, 1916 – July 1, 2003) was an American psychologist known for his contributions to psychology, linguistics and psychometrics.
See Sprachbund and John Bissell Carroll
Juha Janhunen
Juha Janhunen (born 12 February 1952 in Pori, Finland) is a Finnish linguist whose wide interests include Uralic and Mongolic languages.
See Sprachbund and Juha Janhunen
Karl Heinrich Menges
Karl Heinrich Menges (April 22, 1908 – September 20, 1999) was a German linguist known for his advocacy of the Altaic hypothesis.
See Sprachbund and Karl Heinrich Menges
Kartvelian languages
The Kartvelian languages (tr; also known as South Caucasian, Kartvelic, and Iberian languagesBoeder (2002), p. 3) are a language family indigenous to the South Caucasus and spoken primarily in Georgia.
See Sprachbund and Kartvelian languages
Khmer language
Khmer (ខ្មែរ, UNGEGN) is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Khmer people and the official and national language of Cambodia.
See Sprachbund and Khmer language
Koiné language
In linguistics, a koine or koiné language or dialect (pronounced) is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as a result of the contact, mixing, and often simplification of two or more mutually intelligible varieties of the same language.
See Sprachbund and Koiné language
Koreanic languages
Koreanic is a small language family consisting of the Korean and Jeju languages.
See Sprachbund and Koreanic languages
Kra–Dai languages
The Kra–Dai languages (also known as Tai–Kadai and Daic), are a language family in mainland Southeast Asia, southern China, and northeastern India.
See Sprachbund and Kra–Dai languages
Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.
Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other.
See Sprachbund and Language contact
Language convergence
Language convergence is a type of linguistic change in which languages come to resemble one another structurally as a result of prolonged language contact and mutual interference, regardless of whether those languages belong to the same language family, i.e. stem from a common genealogical proto-language.
See Sprachbund and Language convergence
Language family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family.
See Sprachbund and Language family
Languages of Europe
There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family.
See Sprachbund and Languages of Europe
Languages of the Caucasus
The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
See Sprachbund and Languages of the Caucasus
Lao language
Lao (Lao: ພາສາລາວ), sometimes referred to as Laotian, is the official language of Laos and a significant language in the Isan region of northeastern Thailand, where it is usually referred to as the Isan language.
See Sprachbund and Lao language
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Leslie Spier
Leslie Spier (December 13, 1893 – December 3, 1961) was an American anthropologist best known for his ethnographic studies of American Indians.
See Sprachbund and Leslie Spier
Linguistic areas of the Americas
The indigenous languages of the Americas form various linguistic areas or Sprachbunds that share various common (areal) traits.
See Sprachbund and Linguistic areas of the Americas
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
See Sprachbund and Linguistics
Literary language
Literary language is the form (register) of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language.
See Sprachbund and Literary language
Macedonian language
Macedonian (македонски јазик) is an Eastern South Slavic language.
See Sprachbund and Macedonian language
Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
The Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area is a sprachbund including languages of the Sino-Tibetan, Hmong–Mien (or Miao–Yao), Kra–Dai, Austronesian and Austroasiatic families spoken in an area stretching from Thailand to China.
See Sprachbund and Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.
See Sprachbund and Mandarin Chinese
Maore dialect
Maore Comorian, or Shimaore (French Mahorais), is one of the two indigenous languages spoken in the French-ruled Comorian islands of Mayotte; Shimaore being a dialect of the Comorian language, while ShiBushi is an unrelated Malayo-Polynesian language originally from Madagascar.
See Sprachbund and Maore dialect
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (script), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States.
See Sprachbund and Massachusetts
Matthias Castrén
Matthias Alexander Castrén (2 December 1813 – 7 May 1852) was a Finnish Swedish ethnologist and philologist who was a pioneer in the study of the Uralic languages.
See Sprachbund and Matthias Castrén
Mayotte
Mayotte (Mayotte,; Maore,; Maori), officially the Department of Mayotte (Département de Mayotte), is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France.
Mazanderani language
Mazandarani (Mazanderani: مازِرونی, Mazeruni; also spelled Mazani (مازنی) or Tabari (تبری); also called Geleki) is an Iranian language of the Northwestern branch spoken by the Mazandarani people.
See Sprachbund and Mazanderani language
Medieval Latin
Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages.
See Sprachbund and Medieval Latin
Menasha, Wisconsin
Menasha is a city in Calumet and Winnebago counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.
See Sprachbund and Menasha, Wisconsin
Mesoamerican language area
The Mesoamerican language area is a sprachbund containing many of the languages natively spoken in the cultural area of Mesoamerica.
See Sprachbund and Mesoamerican language area
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
See Sprachbund and Middle Ages
Migration Period
The Migration Period (circa 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms.
See Sprachbund and Migration Period
MIT Press
The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Mongolic languages
The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken by the Mongolic peoples in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, North Asia and East Asia, mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas and in Kalmykia and Buryatia.
See Sprachbund and Mongolic languages
Morphological derivation
Morphological derivation, in linguistics, is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as For example, unhappy and happiness derive from the root word happy. It is differentiated from inflection, which is the modification of a word to form different grammatical categories without changing its core meaning: determines, determining, and determined are from the root determine.
See Sprachbund and Morphological derivation
Munda languages
The Munda languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by about nine million people in India, Bangladesh and Nepal.
See Sprachbund and Munda languages
Murray Barnson Emeneau
Murray Barnson Emeneau (February 28, 1904 – August 29, 2005) was the founder of the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley.
See Sprachbund and Murray Barnson Emeneau
New Guinea
New Guinea (Hiri Motu: Niu Gini; Papua, fossilized Nugini, or historically Irian) is the world's second-largest island, with an area of.
Nicholas Poppe
Nicholas N. Poppe (Никола́й/Ни́колас Никола́евич Поппе, Nikoláj/Níkolas Nikolájevič Poppe; 27 July 1897 – 8 August 1991) was an important Russian linguist.
See Sprachbund and Nicholas Poppe
Nikolai Trubetzkoy
Prince Nikolai Sergeyevich Trubetzkoy (p; 16 April 1890 – 25 June 1938) was a Russian linguist and historian whose teachings formed a nucleus of the Prague School of structural linguistics.
See Sprachbund and Nikolai Trubetzkoy
North Germanic languages
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.
See Sprachbund and North Germanic languages
Object–verb word order
In linguistics, an OV language (object–verb language), or a language with object-verb word order, is a language in which the object comes before the verb.
See Sprachbund and Object–verb word order
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Sprachbund and Oxford University Press
Pacific Northwest languages
The Pacific Northwest languages are the indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest of North America.
See Sprachbund and Pacific Northwest languages
Papuan languages
The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor.
See Sprachbund and Papuan languages
Pentti Aalto
Pentti Aalto (22 July 1917 – 30 November 1998) was a Finnish linguist who was the University of Helsinki Docent of Comparative Linguistics 1958–1980.
See Sprachbund and Pentti Aalto
Plosive
In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
See Sprachbund and Proto-Indo-European language
Pueblo linguistic area
The Pueblo linguistic area (or Pueblo Sprachbund, Pueblo convergence area) is a Sprachbund (group of languages with similarities due to language contact) consisting of the languages spoken in and near North American Pueblo locations.
See Sprachbund and Pueblo linguistic area
Qinghai
Qinghai is an inland province in Northwestern China. It is the largest province of China (excluding autonomous regions) by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xining. Qinghai borders Gansu on the northeast, Xinjiang on the northwest, Sichuan on the southeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region on the southwest.
Qinghai–Gansu sprachbund
The Qinghai–Gansu sprachbund or Amdo sprachbund is a sprachbund in the plateau traversed by the upper Yellow River, including northeastern Qinghai and southern Gansu.
See Sprachbund and Qinghai–Gansu sprachbund
Quotative
A quotative (abbreviated) is a grammatical device to mark quoted speech.
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
See Sprachbund and Renaissance
Retroflex consonant
A retroflex, apico-domal, or cacuminal consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate.
See Sprachbund and Retroflex consonant
Roman Jakobson
Roman Osipovich Jakobson (Рома́н О́сипович Якобсо́н,; 18 July 1982) was a Russian-American linguist and literary theorist.
See Sprachbund and Roman Jakobson
Romance languages
The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin.
See Sprachbund and Romance languages
Romani language
Romani (also Romany, Romanes, Roma; rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities.
See Sprachbund and Romani language
Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spelling: Roumanian; limba română, or românește) is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova.
See Sprachbund and Romanian language
Roy Andrew Miller
Roy Andrew Miller (September 5, 1924 – August 22, 2014) was an American linguist best known as the author of several books on Japanese language and linguistics, and for his advocacy of Korean and Japanese as members of the proposed Altaic language family.
See Sprachbund and Roy Andrew Miller
Samuel E. Martin
Samuel Elmo Martin (29 January 1924 – 28 November 2009) was an American linguist known for seminal work on the languages of East Asia, a professor at Yale University, and the author of many works on the Korean and Japanese languages.
See Sprachbund and Samuel E. Martin
Sepik
The Sepik is the longest river on the island of New Guinea, and the second largest in Oceania by discharge volume after the Fly River. The majority of the river flows through the Papua New Guinea (PNG) provinces of Sandaun (formerly West Sepik) and East Sepik, with a small section flowing through the Indonesian province of Papua.
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian – also called Serbo-Croat, Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
See Sprachbund and Serbo-Croatian
Sergei Starostin
Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin (Серге́й Анато́льевич Ста́ростин; March 24, 1953 – September 30, 2005) was a Russian historical linguist and philologist, perhaps best known for his reconstructions of hypothetical proto-languages, including his work on the controversial Altaic theory, the formulation of the Dené–Caucasian hypothesis, and the proposal of a Borean language of still earlier date.
See Sprachbund and Sergei Starostin
Sinitic languages
The Sinitic languages, often synonymous with the Chinese languages, are a group of East Asian analytic languages that constitute a major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
See Sprachbund and Sinitic languages
Sino-Tibetan languages
Sino-Tibetan, also cited as Trans-Himalayan in a few sources, is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers.
See Sprachbund and Sino-Tibetan languages
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants.
See Sprachbund and Slavic languages
South Slavic languages
The South Slavic languages are one of three branches of the Slavic languages.
See Sprachbund and South Slavic languages
Sprachraum
In linguistics, a sprachraum ("language area", plural sprachräume) is a geographical region where a common first language (mother tongue), with dialect varieties, or group of languages is spoken.
Sprechbund
A Sprechbund ("speech bond") is a "shared of speaking which beyond language boundaries" (Romaine, 1994:23).
Stefan Georg
Ralf-Stefan Georg (November 7, 1962 in Bottrop) is a German linguist.
See Sprachbund and Stefan Georg
Subject–object–verb word order
In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order.
See Sprachbund and Subject–object–verb word order
Sumerian language
Sumerian (Also written 𒅴𒄀 eme-gi.ePSD2 entry for emegir.|'native language'|) was the language of ancient Sumer.
See Sprachbund and Sumerian language
Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds, typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.
Tai languages
The Tai, Zhuang–Tai, or Daic languages (ภาษาไท or ภาษาไต, transliteration: or, or phasa tai; ພາສາໄຕ, Phasa Tai) are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family.
See Sprachbund and Tai languages
Tibetan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau, also known as Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and Qing–Zang Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau located at the intersection of Central, South, and East Asia covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region, most of Qinghai, western half of Sichuan, Southern Gansu provinces in Western China, southern Xinjiang, Bhutan, the Indian regions of Ladakh and Lahaul and Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) as well as Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan, northwestern Nepal, eastern Tajikistan and southern Kyrgyzstan.
See Sprachbund and Tibetan Plateau
Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia.
See Sprachbund and Tibeto-Burman languages
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.
See Sprachbund and Tone (linguistics)
In linguistics, the topic, or theme, of a sentence is what is being talked about, and the comment (rheme or focus) is what is being said about the topic.
See Sprachbund and Topic and comment
Tungusic languages
The Tungusic languages (also known as Manchu–Tungus and Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples.
See Sprachbund and Tungusic languages
Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia.
See Sprachbund and Turkic languages
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Sprachbund and Turkish language
Victor Friedman
Victor A. Friedman (born October 18, 1949) is an American linguist, Slavist.
See Sprachbund and Victor Friedman
Vietnamese language
Vietnamese (tiếng Việt) is an Austroasiatic language spoken primarily in Vietnam where it is the national and official language.
See Sprachbund and Vietnamese language
Vocabulary
A vocabulary (also known as a lexicon) is a set of words, typically the set in a language or the set known to an individual.
Vowel harmony
In phonology, vowel harmony is a phonological rule in which the vowels of a given domain – typically a phonological word – must share certain distinctive features (thus "in harmony").
See Sprachbund and Vowel harmony
West Germanic languages
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages).
See Sprachbund and West Germanic languages
William George Aston
William George Aston (9 April 1841 – 22 November 1911) was an Anglo-Irish diplomat, author, and scholar of the languages and histories of Japan and Korea.
See Sprachbund and William George Aston
Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund
Also known as India as a Linguistic Area, Language area, Linguistic area, Sprachbünde, Sprachebund, Sprachenbund.
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