Starfish, the Glossary
Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea.[1]
Table of Contents
295 relations: Aboriginal Australians, Abyssal zone, Adenine, Algae, Alkaloid, Ambon Island, Amide, Ammonia, Anatomical terms of motion, Anus, Aposematism, Aquatic respiration, Archenteron, Arthropod, Asexual reproduction, Asexual reproduction in starfish, Asterias, Asterias amurensis, Asterina (starfish), Asterozoa, Astropecten, Astropecten polyacanthus, Autotomy, Basket star, Benthic zone, Benthopectinidae, Bilateria, Biodiversity, Bioindicator, Biological activity, Biological life cycle, Biological specificity, Bipinnaria, Bivalvia, Blastoid, Blastulation, Blood vessel, Brachiolaria, Brisingida, Brittle star, Budding, Business administration, Calcareous, Calcite, Calcium carbonate, Cambrian, Carbon dioxide, Carnivore, Catch connective tissue, Central nervous system, ... Expand index (245 more) »
- Extant Ordovician first appearances
- Late Ordovician first appearances
Aboriginal Australians
Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands.
See Starfish and Aboriginal Australians
Abyssal zone
The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean.
Adenine
Adenine (symbol A or Ade) is a purine nucleobase.
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom.
Ambon Island
Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia.
Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms.
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.
Anatomical terms of motion
Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms.
See Starfish and Anatomical terms of motion
Anus
In mammals, invertebrates and most fish, the anus (anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is the external body orifice at the exit end of the digestive tract (bowel), i.e. the opposite end from the mouth.
Aposematism
Aposematism is the advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating.
Aquatic respiration
Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water.
See Starfish and Aquatic respiration
Archenteron
The archenteron, also called the gastrocoel, the primitive digestive tube or the primitive gut, is the internal cavity of the primitive gastrointestinal tract that forms during gastrulation in a developing animal embryo.
Arthropod
Arthropods are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
See Starfish and Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction in starfish
Asexual reproduction in starfish takes place by fission or through autotomy of arms.
See Starfish and Asexual reproduction in starfish
Asterias
Asterias is a genus of the Asteriidae family of sea stars.
Asterias amurensis
Asterias amurensis, also known as the Northern Pacific seastar and Japanese common starfish, is a seastar found in shallow seas and estuaries, native to the coasts of northern China, Korea, far eastern Russia, Japan, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and British Columbia in Canada.
See Starfish and Asterias amurensis
Asterina (starfish)
Asterina is a genus of asteroideans in the family Asterinidae.
See Starfish and Asterina (starfish)
Asterozoa
The Asterozoa are a subphylum in the phylum Echinodermata. Starfish and Asterozoa are Extant Ordovician first appearances.
Astropecten
Astropecten is a genus of sea stars of the family Astropectinidae.
Astropecten polyacanthus
Astropecten polyacanthus, the sand sifting starfish or comb sea star, is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae. It is the most widespread species in the genus Astropecten, found throughout the Indo-Pacific region. The armspread is up to. The specific epithet "polyacanthus" comes from the Latin meaning "many thorned".
See Starfish and Astropecten polyacanthus
Autotomy
Autotomy (from the Greek auto-, "self-" and tome, "severing", αὐτοτομία) or 'self-amputation', is the behaviour whereby an animal sheds or discards an appendage, usually as a self-defense mechanism to elude a predator's grasp or to distract the predator and thereby allow escape.
Basket star
The Euryalina are a suborder of brittle stars, which includes large species with either branching arms (called "basket stars") or long and curling arms (called "snake stars").
Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
Benthopectinidae
Benthopectinidae is a family of sea stars containing at least 75 species in eight genera.
See Starfish and Benthopectinidae
Bilateria
Bilateria is a large clade or infrakingdom of animals called bilaterians, characterized by bilateral symmetry (i.e. having a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other) during embryonic development.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
Bioindicator
A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment.
Biological activity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter.
See Starfish and Biological activity
Biological life cycle
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of stages of the life of an organism, that begins as a zygote, often in an egg, and concludes as an adult that reproduces, producing an offspring in the form of a new zygote which then itself goes through the same series of stages, the process repeating in a cyclic fashion.
See Starfish and Biological life cycle
Biological specificity
Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.
See Starfish and Biological specificity
Bipinnaria
A bipinnaria is the first stage in the larval development of most starfish, and is usually followed by a brachiolaria stage.
Bivalvia
Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.
Blastoid
Blastoids (class Blastoidea) are an extinct type of stemmed echinoderm, often referred to as sea buds.
Blastulation
Blastulation is the stage in early animal embryonic development that produces the blastula.
Blood vessel
Blood vessels are the structures of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body.
Brachiolaria
A brachiolaria is the second stage of larval development in many starfishes.
Brisingida
The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida.
Brittle star
Brittle stars, serpent stars, or ophiuroids (referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea, closely related to starfish. Starfish and brittle star are Extant Ordovician first appearances.
Budding
Budding or blastogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.
Business administration
Business administration is the administration of a commercial enterprise.
See Starfish and Business administration
Calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.
Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Starfish and Calcium carbonate
Cambrian
The Cambrian is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Phanerozoic Eon.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Starfish and Carbon dioxide
Carnivore
A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.
Catch connective tissue
Catch connective tissue (also called mutable collagenous tissue) is a kind of connective tissue found in echinoderms (such as starfish and sea cucumbers) which can change its mechanical properties in a few seconds or minutes through nervous control rather than by muscular means.
See Starfish and Catch connective tissue
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.
See Starfish and Central nervous system
Ceramide
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules.
Charonia
Charonia is a genus of very large sea snail, commonly known as Triton's trumpet or Triton snail.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Chordate
A chordate is a deuterostomic animal belonging to the phylum Chordata. All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five distinctive physical characteristics (synapomorphies) that distinguish them from other taxa.
Cilium
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.
See Starfish and Circulatory system
Clade
In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.
Clam
Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs.
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class (classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank.
See Starfish and Class (biology)
Coconut milk
Coconut milk is an opaque, milky-white liquid extracted from the grated pulp of mature coconuts.
Coelom
The coelom (or celom) is the main body cavity in many animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.
Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.
Common starfish
The common starfish, common sea star or sugar starfish (Asterias rubens) is the most common and familiar starfish in the north-east Atlantic.
See Starfish and Common starfish
In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.
See Starfish and Community (ecology)
Computer network
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes.
See Starfish and Computer network
Connective tissue
Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
See Starfish and Connective tissue
Coral
Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.
Coral reef
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.
Crinoid
Crinoids are marine invertebrates that make up the class Crinoidea. Starfish and Crinoid are Extant Ordovician first appearances.
Crown-of-thorns starfish
The crown-of-thorns starfish (frequently abbreviated to COTS), Acanthaster planci, is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia).
See Starfish and Crown-of-thorns starfish
Cryptasterina hystera
Cryptasterina hystera is a species of starfish.
See Starfish and Cryptasterina hystera
Cryptasterina pentagona
Cryptasterina pentagona is a species of starfish in the family Asterinidae.
See Starfish and Cryptasterina pentagona
Culcita (echinoderm)
Culcita is a genus of sea stars.
See Starfish and Culcita (echinoderm)
Cyril Walker (palaeontologist)
Cyril Alexander Walker (8 February 1939 – 6 May 2009) was a British palaeontologist, curator of fossil birds in the Natural History Museum.
See Starfish and Cyril Walker (palaeontologist)
David Ward (palaeontologist)
David J. Ward (born 10 October 1948, in London) is a British palaeontologist.
See Starfish and David Ward (palaeontologist)
Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
Detritivore
Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).
Deuterostome
Deuterostomes (from Greek) are bilaterian animals of the superphylum Deuterostomia, typically characterized by their anus forming before the mouth during embryonic development.
Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma.
Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period.
See Starfish and Early Jurassic
Ecdysozoa
Ecdysozoa is a group of protostome animals, including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata (including arachnids), crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla.
Echinaster
Echinaster is a well-studied and common genus of starfish containing ~30 species and is the second-largest genus found within the family Echinasteridae.
Echinaster sepositus
Echinaster sepositus, the Mediterranean red sea star, is a species of starfish from the East Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea.
See Starfish and Echinaster sepositus
Echinoderm
An echinoderm is any deuterostomal animal of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies".
Echinozoa
Echinozoa is a subphylum of free-living echinoderms in which the body is or originally was a modified globe with meridional symmetry.
Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.
See Starfish and Ecological niche
Edward Tregear
Edward Robert Tregear, Ordre des Palmes académiques (1 May 1846 – 28 October 1931) was a New Zealand public servant and scholar.
See Starfish and Edward Tregear
Egg incubation
Egg incubation is the process by which an egg, of oviparous (egg-laying) animals, develops an embryo within the egg, after the egg's formation and ovipositional release.
See Starfish and Egg incubation
Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that are electrically conductive through the movement of those ions, but not conducting electrons.
Embryo
An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.
Endangered species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction.
See Starfish and Endangered species
Endoskeleton
An endoskeleton (From Greek ἔνδον, éndon.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Epidermis (zoology)
In zoology, the epidermis is an epithelium (sheet of cells) that covers the body of a eumetazoan (animal more complex than a sponge).
See Starfish and Epidermis (zoology)
Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English, see spelling differences; both;: (o)esophagi or (o)esophaguses), colloquially known also as the food pipe, food tube, or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.
Estuary
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
Extinction event
An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth.
See Starfish and Extinction event
Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
Feces
Feces (or faeces;: faex) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.
Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring.
See Starfish and Fertilisation
Filter feeder
Filter feeders are aquatic animals that acquire nutrients by feeding on organic matters, food particles or smaller organisms (bacteria, microalgae and zooplanktons) suspended in water, typically by having the water pass over or through a specialized filtering organ.
See Starfish and Filter feeder
Fish
A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.
Florida
Florida is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.
Forcipulatacea
The Forcipulatacea are a superorder of sea stars.
See Starfish and Forcipulatacea
Forcipulatida
The Forcipulatida are an order of sea stars, containing three families and 49 genera.
See Starfish and Forcipulatida
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Fragmentation (reproduction)
Fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning, where an organism is split into fragments upon maturation and the spilted part becomes the new individual.
See Starfish and Fragmentation (reproduction)
French Polynesia
French Polynesia (Polynésie française; Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole overseas country.
See Starfish and French Polynesia
Fresh water
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.
Fromia monilis
Fromia monilis, common name necklace starfish or tiled starfish, is a species of starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae.
See Starfish and Fromia monilis
Galactose
Galactose (galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Gamete
A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.
Gas exchange
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.
Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
See Starfish and Gastrointestinal tract
Gastropoda
Gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda.
Gastrulation
Gastrulation is the stage in the early embryonic development of most animals, during which the blastula (a single-layered hollow sphere of cells), or in mammals the blastocyst, is reorganized into a two-layered or three-layered embryo known as the gastrula.
Georg Eberhard Rumphius
Georg Eberhard Rumphius (originally: Rumpf; baptized c. 1 November 1627 – 15 June 1702) was a German-born botanist employed by the Dutch East India Company in what is now eastern Indonesia, and is best known for his work Herbarium Amboinense produced in the face of severe personal tragedies, including the death of his wife and a daughter in an earthquake, going blind from glaucoma, loss of his library and manuscripts in major fire, and losing early copies of his book when the ship carrying it was sunk.
See Starfish and Georg Eberhard Rumphius
Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide.
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
Glycosidic bond
A glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.
See Starfish and Glycosidic bond
Gonad
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism.
Goniasteridae
Goniasteridae (the biscuit stars) constitute the largest family of sea stars, included in the order Valvatida.
See Starfish and Goniasteridae
Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female.
Grazing
In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to free range (roam around) and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other forages into meat, milk, wool and other animal products, often on land that is unsuitable for arable farming.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Starfish and Greek language
Gull
Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari.
Hawaii
Hawaii (Hawaii) is an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland.
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (12 September 1777 – 1 May 1850) was a French zoologist and anatomist.
See Starfish and Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
Henricia
Henricia is a large genus of slender-armed sea stars belonging to the family Echinasteridae.
High-altitude nuclear explosion
High-altitude nuclear explosions are the result of nuclear weapons testing within the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere and in outer space.
See Starfish and High-altitude nuclear explosion
Hippasteria phrygiana
Hippasteria phrygiana is a sea star species, a member of the Goniasteridae family.
See Starfish and Hippasteria phrygiana
HMS Starfish (1895)
HMS Starfish was a which served with the Royal Navy.
See Starfish and HMS Starfish (1895)
HMS Starfish (1916)
HMS Starfish was an destroyer which served with the Royal Navy.
See Starfish and HMS Starfish (1916)
HMS Starfish (19S)
HMS Starfish was a first-batch S-class submarine (often called the Swordfish class) built for the Royal Navy during the 1930s.
See Starfish and HMS Starfish (19S)
Hydraulics
Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Intertidal zone
The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range.
See Starfish and Intertidal zone
Invasive species
An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment.
See Starfish and Invasive species
Kelp forest
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp, which covers a large part of the world's coastlines.
Keystone species
A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance.
See Starfish and Keystone species
Labidiaster annulatus
Labidiaster annulatus, the Antarctic sun starfish or wolftrap starfish is a species of starfish in the family Heliasteridae.
See Starfish and Labidiaster annulatus
Lagerstätte
A Fossil-Lagerstätte (from Lager 'storage, lair' Stätte 'place'; plural Lagerstätten) is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues.
Larva
A larva (larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage.
Leather star
The leather star (Dermasterias imbricata) is a sea star in the family Asteropseidae found at depths to off the western seaboard of North America.
Leptasterias hexactis
Leptasterias hexactis is a species of starfish in the family Asteriidae, commonly known as the six-rayed star.
See Starfish and Leptasterias hexactis
Leptasterias tenera
Leptasterias tenera is a species of starfish in the family Asteriidae.
See Starfish and Leptasterias tenera
Ligament
A ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
Luidia
Luidia is a genus of starfish in the family Luidiidae in which it is the only genus.
Luidia foliolata
Luidia foliolata, the sand star, is a species of starfish in the family Luidiidae found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean on sandy and muddy seabeds at depths to about.
See Starfish and Luidia foliolata
Madreporite
The madreporite is a light colored calcareous opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms.
Malay language
Malay (Bahasa Melayu, Jawi: بهاس ملايو) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand.
See Starfish and Malay language
Marine invertebrates
Marine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats.
See Starfish and Marine invertebrates
Marine pollution
Marine pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as industrial, agricultural and residential waste, particles, noise, excess carbon dioxide or invasive organisms enter the ocean and cause harmful effects there.
See Starfish and Marine pollution
Meiosis
Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
See Starfish and Metamorphosis
Microalgae
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye.
Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period.
See Starfish and Middle Jurassic
Military deception
Military deception (MILDEC) is an attempt by a military unit to gain an advantage during warfare by misleading adversary decision makers into taking action or inaction that creates favorable conditions for the deceiving force.
See Starfish and Military deception
Military history
Military history is the study of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships.
See Starfish and Military history
Model organism
A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
See Starfish and Model organism
Molecular clock
The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.
See Starfish and Molecular clock
Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
Myoepithelial cell
Myoepithelial cells (sometimes referred to as myoepithelium) are cells usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but generally beneath the luminal cells.
See Starfish and Myoepithelial cell
Mytilus (bivalve)
Mytilus is a cosmopolitan genus of medium to large-sized edible, mainly saltwater mussels, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Mytilidae.
See Starfish and Mytilus (bivalve)
Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms.
Nepanthia belcheri
Nepanthia belcheri is a species of starfish in the family Asterinidae.
See Starfish and Nepanthia belcheri
Nephrozoa
Nephrozoa is a proposed major clade of bilaterian animals.
Nervous system
In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
See Starfish and Nervous system
Neuropeptide
Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons.
New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Nickelodeon
Nickelodeon (occasionally shortened to Nick) is an American pay television channel owned by Paramount Global through Paramount Media Networks' subdivision, Nickelodeon Group.
Novodinia antillensis
Novodinia antillensis, the velcro sea star, is a species of starfish in the family Brisingidae.
See Starfish and Novodinia antillensis
Ocean
The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approx.
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean.
See Starfish and Ocean acidification
Omnivore
An omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter.
Oocyte
An oocyte, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.
Opportunism
Opportunism is the practice of taking advantage of circumstances – with little regard for principles or with what the consequences are for others.
Orchitophrya stellarum
Orchitophrya stellarum is a species of single-celled marine ciliates, a member of the class Oligohymenophorea.
See Starfish and Orchitophrya stellarum
Order (biology)
Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Starfish and Order (biology)
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.
Oreaster reticulatus
Oreaster reticulatus, commonly known as the red cushion sea star or the West Indian sea star, is a species of marine invertebrate, a starfish in the family Oreasteridae.
See Starfish and Oreaster reticulatus
Ornament (art)
In architecture and decorative art, ornament is decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object.
See Starfish and Ornament (art)
Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
See Starfish and Osmoregulation
Ossicle (echinoderm)
Ossicles are small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall of echinoderms.
See Starfish and Ossicle (echinoderm)
Ovotestis
An ovotestis is a gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects.
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
See Starfish and Pacific Ocean
Palasteriscus
Palasteriscus is an extinct genus of sea star from the Lower Devonian.
See Starfish and Palasteriscus
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
Papula
Papulae (sing. papula; also occasionally papulla, papullae), also known as dermal branchiae or skin gills, are projections of the coelom of Asteroidea that serve in respiration and waste removal.
Paralytic shellfish poisoning
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is one of the four recognized syndromes of shellfish poisoning, which share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve mollusks (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops).
See Starfish and Paralytic shellfish poisoning
Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
See Starfish and Parts-per notation
Parvulastra parvivipara
Parvulastra parvivipara is a very small species of starfish in the family Asterinidae.
See Starfish and Parvulastra parvivipara
Patiria pectinifera
Patiria pectinifera, the blue bat star, is a species of starfish in the family Asterinidae.
See Starfish and Patiria pectinifera
Patrick Star
Patrick Star is a fictional character in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants.
Paxilla (ossicle)
A paxilla (plural. paxillae) is a small umbrella-shaped structure sometimes found on Echinoderms, particularly in starfish (class Asteroidea) such as Luidia, Astropecten and Goniaster that immerse themselves in sediment.
See Starfish and Paxilla (ossicle)
Paxillosida
The Paxillosida are a large order of sea stars.
Pedicellaria
A pedicellaria (pedicellariae) is a small wrench- or claw-shaped appendage with movable jaws, called valves, commonly found on echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata), particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea).
Permian
The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya.
Peter Watts (born January 25, 1958) is a Canadian science fiction author.
See Starfish and Peter Watts (author)
PH
In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").
See Starfish and PH
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
Pheromone
A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.
See Starfish and Photoreceptor cell
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.
See Starfish and Phylogenetic tree
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.
See Starfish and Phylogenetics
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems.
See Starfish and Phytoplankton
Pigment
A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance.
Pisaster
Pisaster (from Greek πίσος, "pea", and ἀστήρ, "star") is a genus of Pacific sea stars that includes three species, P. brevispinus, P. giganteus, and P. ochraceus.
Pisaster brevispinus
Pisaster brevispinus, commonly called the pink sea star, giant pink sea star, or short-spined sea star, is a species of sea star in the northeast Pacific Ocean.
See Starfish and Pisaster brevispinus
Pisaster ochraceus
Pisaster ochraceus, generally known as the purple sea star, ochre sea star, or ochre starfish, is a common seastar found among the waters of the Pacific Ocean.
See Starfish and Pisaster ochraceus
Plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in water (or air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against currents (or wind).
Polar regions of Earth
The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps, the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles.
See Starfish and Polar regions of Earth
Pom-pom
A pom-pom – also spelled pom-pon, pompom or pompon – is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material.
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
Protoreaster nodosus
Protoreaster nodosus, commonly known as the horned sea star or chocolate chip sea star, is a species of sea star found in the warm, shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region.
See Starfish and Protoreaster nodosus
Protostome
Protostomia is the clade of animals once thought to be characterized by the formation of the organism's mouth before its anus during embryonic development.
Pseudocopulation
Pseudocopulation describes behaviors similar to copulation that serve a reproductive function for one or both participants but do not involve actual sexual union between the individuals.
See Starfish and Pseudocopulation
Pteraster militaris
Pteraster militaris, the wrinkled star, is a species of starfish in the family Pterasteridae.
See Starfish and Pteraster militaris
Pteraster tesselatus
Pteraster tesselatus, the slime star or cushion star, is a species of starfish in the family Pterasteridae found in the North Pacific.
See Starfish and Pteraster tesselatus
Rathbunaster
Rathbunaster is a monospecific genus of sea stars in the family Asteriidae.
Rectum
The rectum (rectums or recta) is the final straight portion of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals, and the gut in others.
Regeneration (biology)
Regeneration in biology is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.
See Starfish and Regeneration (biology)
Robert T. Paine (zoologist)
Robert Treat "Bob" Paine III (April 13, 1933 – June 13, 2016) was an American ecologist who spent most of his career at the University of Washington.
See Starfish and Robert T. Paine (zoologist)
Rod Beckstrom
Rod Beckstrom (born February 1961) is an American author, high-tech entrepreneur, and former CEO and President of ICANN.
See Starfish and Rod Beckstrom
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.
Salinity
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).
Sand dollar
Sand dollars (also known as sea cookies or snapper biscuits in New Zealand and Brazil, or pansy shells in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida.
Saponin
Saponins (Latin "sapon", soap + "-in", one of), also selectively referred to as triterpene glycosides, are bitter-tasting usually toxic plant-derived organic chemicals that have a foamy quality when agitated in water.
Sea cucumber
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Starfish and Sea cucumber are Extant Ordovician first appearances.
Sea daisy
Sea daisies (infraclass Concentricycloidea; order Peripodida) make up an unusual group of deep-sea taxa belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, with three species described in the genus Xyloplax.
Sea otter
The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean.
Sea star wasting disease
Sea star wasting disease or starfish wasting syndrome is a disease of starfish and several other echinoderms that appears sporadically, causing mass mortality of those affected.
See Starfish and Sea star wasting disease
Sea urchin
Sea urchins or urchins, alternatively known as sea hedgehogs, are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. Starfish and sea urchin are Extant Ordovician first appearances and late Ordovician first appearances.
Seabed
The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, ocean floor, and ocean bottom) is the bottom of the ocean.
Seagrass meadow
A seagrass meadow or seagrass bed is an underwater ecosystem formed by seagrasses.
See Starfish and Seagrass meadow
Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism.
See Starfish and Secondary metabolite
Sequential hermaphroditism
Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being simultaneous hermaphroditism.
See Starfish and Sequential hermaphroditism
Simple eye in invertebrates
A simple eye or ocellus (sometimes called a pigment pit) is a form of eye or an optical arrangement which has a single lens without the sort of elaborate retina that occurs in most vertebrates.
See Starfish and Simple eye in invertebrates
Sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government.
See Starfish and Smithsonian Institution
Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod.
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer.
Sonar
Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.
South Island
The South Island (Te Waipounamu, 'the waters of Greenstone', officially South Island or Te Waipounamu or historically New Munster) is the largest of the three major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island and sparsely populated Stewart Island.
Souvenir
A souvenir (French for 'a remembrance or memory'), memento, keepsake, or token of remembrance is an object a person acquires for the memories the owner associates with it.
Spawn (biology)
Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals.
See Starfish and Spawn (biology)
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
Sphincter
A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.
Sphingosine
Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part of sphingolipids, a class of cell membrane lipids that include sphingomyelin, an important phospholipid.
Spinulosida
The Spinulosida are an order of sea stars containing at least 120 species in seven genera and one family.
Spiralia
The Spiralia are a morphologically diverse clade of protostome animals, including within their number the molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths and other taxa.
Sponge
Sponges (also known as sea sponges), the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts.
SpongeBob SquarePants
SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine science educator and animator Stephen Hillenburg that first aired on Nickelodeon as a sneak peek after the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards on May 1, 1999, and officially premiered on July 17, 1999.
See Starfish and SpongeBob SquarePants
Star polygon
In geometry, a star polygon is a type of non-convex polygon.
Starfish Prime
Starfish Prime was a high-altitude nuclear test conducted by the United States, a joint effort of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Defense Atomic Support Agency.
See Starfish and Starfish Prime
Starfish site
Starfish sites were large-scale night-time decoys created during the Blitz to simulate burning British cities.
See Starfish and Starfish site
Starfish Software
Starfish Software was founded in 1994 by Philippe Kahn and Sonia Lee, as a spin-off from the Simplify business unit from Borland and Kahn's severance from Borland.
See Starfish and Starfish Software
Stegnaster
Stegnaster is a genus of sea stars of the family Asterinidae, endemic to New Zealand.
Stem cell
In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell.
Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
Stichaster australis
Stichaster australis, the reef starfish, is a species of starfish found in the shallow waters of the rocky intertidal of New Zealand.
See Starfish and Stichaster australis
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives.
See Starfish and Substrate (biology)
Sulfation
Sulfation is the chemical reaction that entails the addition of SO3 group.
Symmetry in biology
Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
See Starfish and Symmetry in biology
Tamarind
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical Africa and naturalized in Asia.
Tasmania
Tasmania (palawa kani: lutruwita) is an island state of Australia.
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from taxonomy;: taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
Television show
A television show, TV program, or simply a TV show, is the general reference to any content produced for viewing on a television set that is traditionally broadcast via over-the-air, satellite, or cable.
See Starfish and Television show
Tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
Tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.
The Blitz
The Blitz was a German bombing campaign against the United Kingdom, in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.
The Starfish and the Spider
The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations is a 2006 book by Ori Brafman (author of the 2010 book Click: The Magic of Instant Connections) and Rod Beckstrom.
See Starfish and The Starfish and the Spider
Tide pool
A tide pool or rock pool is a shallow pool of seawater that forms on the rocky intertidal shore.
Triassic
The Triassic (sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya.
Tropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator.
Tube feet
Tube feet (technically podia) are small active tubular projections on the oral face of an echinoderm, such as the arms of a starfish, or the undersides of sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers; they are more discreet though present on brittle stars, and have only a feeding function in feather stars.
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Starfish and United States
Valvatida
The Valvatida are an order of starfish in the class Asteroidea, which contains 695 species in 172 genera in 17 families.
Velatida
The Velatida are an order of sea stars containing about 200 species in five families.
Vibrio
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod (comma) shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection or soft-tissue infection called Vibriosis.
Virgin Islands
The Virgin Islands (Islas Vírgenes) are an archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.
See Starfish and Virgin Islands
Washington (state)
Washington, officially the State of Washington, is the westernmost state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
See Starfish and Washington (state)
Wasting
In medicine, wasting, also known as wasting syndrome, refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away.
Water column
The (oceanic) water column is a concept used in oceanography to describe the physical (temperature, salinity, light penetration) and chemical (pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrient salts) characteristics of seawater at different depths for a defined geographical point.
Water vascular system
The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.
See Starfish and Water vascular system
William Jenkyn Thomas
William Jenkyn Thomas (5 July 1870 – 14 March 1959) was a Welsh headmaster and author best known for his The Welsh Fairy Book.
See Starfish and William Jenkyn Thomas
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Xenacoelomorpha
Xenacoelomorpha is a small phylum of bilaterian invertebrate animals, consisting of two sister groups: xenoturbellids and acoelomorphs.
See Starfish and Xenacoelomorpha
Yolk
Among animals which produce eggs, the yolk (also known as the vitellus) is the nutrient-bearing portion of the egg whose primary function is to supply food for the development of the embryo.
100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species is a list of invasive species compiled in 2000 from the Global Invasive Species Database, a database of invasive species around the world.
See Starfish and 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
See also
Extant Ordovician first appearances
- Anostraca
- Asterozoa
- Brittle star
- Bryozoa
- Chelicerata
- Chelicerates
- Coralline algae
- Craniidae
- Cribrospongiidae
- Crinoid
- Embryophyte
- Eunicidae
- Flatworm
- Gnathostomata
- Horseshoe crab
- Marchantiophyta
- Merostomata
- Nemertea
- Nucula
- Ostracod
- Perischoechinoidea
- Rhynchonellida
- Sea cucumber
- Sea urchin
- Starfish
- Stenolaemata
- Teleostomi
Late Ordovician first appearances
- Bickmorites
- Bulbaspis
- Chelicerata
- Chelicerates
- Chonetes
- Columnaria
- Cyphaspis
- Dalmanites
- Dicoelosia
- Eriptychiida
- Favosites
- Flatworm
- Halysites
- Homalonotus
- Hoplitaspis
- Huronia (cephalopod)
- Leonaspis
- Maelonoceras
- Meristina
- Merostomata
- Microconchida
- Onychopterella
- Ostracod
- Palaeoconchus
- Phacopidae
- Plagiostomoceras
- Pleurocystites
- Productida
- Proetidae
- Sea urchin
- Solenomorpha
- Starfish
- Teleostomi
- Turbellaria
- Uranoceratidae
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish
Also known as Asteroidea, Asteroidea (Starfish), Asteroidia, Circulatory systems of starfish, Comet starfish, Pyloric caeca, Sea Star, Sea stars, Seastar, Seastarr, Seastars, Star fish, Star fishes.
, Ceramide, Charonia, Cholesterol, Chordate, Cilium, Circulatory system, Clade, Clam, Class (biology), Coconut milk, Coelom, Collagen, Common starfish, Community (ecology), Computer network, Connective tissue, Coral, Coral reef, Crinoid, Crown-of-thorns starfish, Cryptasterina hystera, Cryptasterina pentagona, Culcita (echinoderm), Cyril Walker (palaeontologist), David Ward (palaeontologist), Dermis, Detritivore, Deuterostome, Devonian, Early Jurassic, Ecdysozoa, Echinaster, Echinaster sepositus, Echinoderm, Echinozoa, Ecological niche, Edward Tregear, Egg incubation, Electrolyte, Embryo, Endangered species, Endoskeleton, Enzyme, Epidermis (zoology), Esophagus, Estuary, Extinction event, Fatty acid, Feces, Fertilisation, Filter feeder, Fish, Florida, Forcipulatacea, Forcipulatida, Fossil, Fragmentation (reproduction), French Polynesia, Fresh water, Fromia monilis, Galactose, Gamete, Gas exchange, Gastrointestinal tract, Gastropoda, Gastrulation, Georg Eberhard Rumphius, Gill, Glucose, Glycosidic bond, Gonad, Goniasteridae, Gonochorism, Grazing, Greek language, Gull, Hawaii, Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, Henricia, High-altitude nuclear explosion, Hippasteria phrygiana, HMS Starfish (1895), HMS Starfish (1916), HMS Starfish (19S), Hydraulics, Indonesia, Intertidal zone, Invasive species, Kelp forest, Keystone species, Labidiaster annulatus, Lagerstätte, Larva, Leather star, Leptasterias hexactis, Leptasterias tenera, Ligament, Lipid, Luidia, Luidia foliolata, Madreporite, Malay language, Marine invertebrates, Marine pollution, Meiosis, Metamorphosis, Microalgae, Middle Jurassic, Military deception, Military history, Model organism, Molecular clock, Mucus, Myoepithelial cell, Mytilus (bivalve), Neontology, Nepanthia belcheri, Nephrozoa, Nervous system, Neuropeptide, New Zealand, Nickelodeon, Novodinia antillensis, Ocean, Ocean acidification, Omnivore, Oocyte, Opportunism, Orchitophrya stellarum, Order (biology), Ordovician, Oreaster reticulatus, Ornament (art), Osmoregulation, Ossicle (echinoderm), Ovotestis, Oxygen, Oyster, Pacific Ocean, Palasteriscus, Paleozoic, Papula, Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Parts-per notation, Parvulastra parvivipara, Patiria pectinifera, Patrick Star, Paxilla (ossicle), Paxillosida, Pedicellaria, Permian, Peter Watts (author), PH, Phagocyte, Pheromone, Photoreceptor cell, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetics, Phylum, Phytoplankton, Pigment, Pisaster, Pisaster brevispinus, Pisaster ochraceus, Plankton, Polar regions of Earth, Pom-pom, Predation, Protoreaster nodosus, Protostome, Pseudocopulation, Pteraster militaris, Pteraster tesselatus, Rathbunaster, Rectum, Regeneration (biology), Robert T. Paine (zoologist), Rod Beckstrom, Royal Navy, Salinity, Sand dollar, Saponin, Sea cucumber, Sea daisy, Sea otter, Sea star wasting disease, Sea urchin, Seabed, Seagrass meadow, Secondary metabolite, Sequential hermaphroditism, Simple eye in invertebrates, Sister group, Smithsonian Institution, Snail, Software, Sonar, South Island, Souvenir, Spawn (biology), Speciation, Sphincter, Sphingosine, Spinulosida, Spiralia, Sponge, SpongeBob SquarePants, Star polygon, Starfish Prime, Starfish site, Starfish Software, Stegnaster, Stem cell, Steroid, Stichaster australis, Stomach, Substrate (biology), Sulfation, Symmetry in biology, Tamarind, Tasmania, Taxon, Television show, Tessellation, Tetrodotoxin, The Blitz, The Starfish and the Spider, Tide pool, Triassic, Tropics, Tube feet, United States, Valvatida, Velatida, Vibrio, Virgin Islands, Washington (state), Wasting, Water column, Water vascular system, William Jenkyn Thomas, World War II, Xenacoelomorpha, Yolk, 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species.