Stratigraphy, the Glossary
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).[1]
Table of Contents
68 relations: Alexandre Brongniart, Argentina, Assise, Bed (geology), Biostratigraphy, Carbon, Carbonate mineral, Chemostratigraphy, Chronostratigraphy, Colorado Plateau, Compass, Conodont biostratigraphy, Cyclostratigraphy, Depositional environment, Earth's magnetic field, Erygmascope, Evolution, Extinction, Facies, Fossil, Geochronology, Geologic map, Geologic time scale, Geology, Georges Cuvier, Harris matrix, Hydrocarbon, International Commission on Stratigraphy, Isotope, Jurassic, Law of superposition, Lithology, Lithostratigraphy, Magnetostratigraphy, Marker horizon, Micrometre, Mineral, Mudstone, Natural remanent magnetization, Nicolas Steno, North magnetic pole, North Pole, Oxygen, Paleoclimatology, Paleontology, Petroleum geology, Principle of faunal succession, Principle of lateral continuity, Principle of original horizontality, Radiometric dating, ... Expand index (18 more) »
Alexandre Brongniart
Alexandre Brongniart (5 February 17707 October 1847) was a French chemist, mineralogist, geologist, paleontologist, and zoologist, who collaborated with Georges Cuvier on a study of the geology of the region around Paris.
See Stratigraphy and Alexandre Brongniart
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.
See Stratigraphy and Argentina
Assise
In geology, an assise (from the French, derived from Latin assidere, "to sit beside") is two or more beds or strata of rock united by the occurrence of the same characteristic species or genera.
Bed (geology)
In geology, a bed is a layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or volcanic rock "bounded above and below by more or less well-defined bedding surfaces".
See Stratigraphy and Bed (geology)
Biostratigraphy
Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of rock strata by using the fossil assemblages contained within them.
See Stratigraphy and Biostratigraphy
Carbon
Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.
Carbonate mineral
Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion,.
See Stratigraphy and Carbonate mineral
Chemostratigraphy
Chemostratigraphy, or chemical stratigraphy, is the study of the chemical variations within sedimentary sequences to determine stratigraphic relationships.
See Stratigraphy and Chemostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy that studies the ages of rock strata in relation to time.
See Stratigraphy and Chronostratigraphy
Colorado Plateau
The Colorado Plateau is a physiographic and desert region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States.
See Stratigraphy and Colorado Plateau
Compass
A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation.
Conodont biostratigraphy
Conodonts are an extinct class of animals whose feeding apparatuses called teeth or elements are common microfossils found in strata dating from the Stage 10 of the Furongian, the fourth and final series of the Cambrian, to the Rhaetian stage of the Late Triassic.
See Stratigraphy and Conodont biostratigraphy
Cyclostratigraphy
Cyclostratigraphy is a subdiscipline of stratigraphy that studies astronomically forced climate cycles within sedimentary successions.
See Stratigraphy and Cyclostratigraphy
Depositional environment
In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record.
See Stratigraphy and Depositional environment
Earth's magnetic field
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.
See Stratigraphy and Earth's magnetic field
Erygmascope
An erygmascope is a late 19th-century electric lighting apparatus designed for the examination of the strata of earth traversed by boring apparatus.
See Stratigraphy and Erygmascope
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
See Stratigraphy and Evolution
Extinction
Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member.
See Stratigraphy and Extinction
Facies
In geology, a facies (same pronunciation and spelling in the plural) is a body of rock with distinctive characteristics. Stratigraphy and facies are Petrology.
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Geochronology
Geochronology is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments using signatures inherent in the rocks themselves.
See Stratigraphy and Geochronology
Geologic map
A geologic map or geological map is a special-purpose map made to show various geological features.
See Stratigraphy and Geologic map
Geologic time scale
The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth.
See Stratigraphy and Geologic time scale
Geology
Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
Georges Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology".
See Stratigraphy and Georges Cuvier
Harris matrix
The Harris matrix is a tool used to depict the temporal succession of archaeological contexts and thus the sequence of depositions and surfaces on a 'dry land' archaeological site, otherwise called a 'stratigraphic sequence'. Stratigraphy and Harris matrix are methods in archaeology.
See Stratigraphy and Harris matrix
Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
See Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon
International Commission on Stratigraphy
The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), sometimes unofficially referred to as the "International Stratigraphic Commission", is a daughter or major subcommittee grade scientific daughter organization that concerns itself with stratigraphical, geological, and geochronological matters on a global scale.
See Stratigraphy and International Commission on Stratigraphy
Isotope
Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or nuclides) of the same chemical element.
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.
Law of superposition
The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields pertaining to geological stratigraphy.
See Stratigraphy and Law of superposition
Lithology
The lithology of a rock unit is a description of its physical characteristics visible at outcrop, in hand or core samples, or with low magnification microscopy. Stratigraphy and lithology are Petrology.
See Stratigraphy and Lithology
Lithostratigraphy
Lithostratigraphy is a sub-discipline of stratigraphy, the geological science associated with the study of strata or rock layers. Stratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy are Petrology.
See Stratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy
Magnetostratigraphy
Magnetostratigraphy is a geophysical correlation technique used to date sedimentary and volcanic sequences.
See Stratigraphy and Magnetostratigraphy
Marker horizon
Marker horizons (also referred to as chronohorizons, key beds or marker beds) are stratigraphic units of the same age and of such distinctive composition and appearance, that, despite their presence in separate geographic locations, there is no doubt about their being of equivalent age (isochronous) and of common origin.
See Stratigraphy and Marker horizon
Micrometre
The micrometre (Commonwealth English) as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-".
See Stratigraphy and Micrometre
Mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.
Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.
Natural remanent magnetization
Natural remanent magnetization is the permanent magnetism of a rock or sediment.
See Stratigraphy and Natural remanent magnetization
Nicolas Steno
Niels Steensen (Niels Steensen; Latinized to Nicolas Steno or Nicolaus Stenonius); 1 January 1638 – 25 November 1686) was a Danish scientist, a pioneer in both anatomy and geology who became a Catholic bishop in his later years. Steensen was trained in the classical texts on science; however, by 1659 he seriously questioned accepted knowledge of the natural world.
See Stratigraphy and Nicolas Steno
North magnetic pole
The north magnetic pole, also known as the magnetic north pole, is a point on the surface of Earth's Northern Hemisphere at which the planet's magnetic field points vertically downward (in other words, if a magnetic compass needle is allowed to rotate in three dimensions, it will point straight down).
See Stratigraphy and North magnetic pole
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole, Terrestrial North Pole or 90th Parallel North, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.
See Stratigraphy and North Pole
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
Paleoclimatology
Paleoclimatology (British spelling, palaeoclimatology) is the scientific study of climates predating the invention of meteorological instruments, when no direct measurement data were available.
See Stratigraphy and Paleoclimatology
Paleontology
Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
See Stratigraphy and Paleontology
Petroleum geology
Petroleum geology is the study of the origins, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels.
See Stratigraphy and Petroleum geology
Principle of faunal succession
The principle of faunal succession, also known as the law of faunal succession, is based on the observation that sedimentary rock strata contain fossilized flora and fauna, and that these fossils succeed each other vertically in a specific, reliable order that can be identified over wide horizontal distances.
See Stratigraphy and Principle of faunal succession
Principle of lateral continuity
The principle of lateral continuity states that layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions; in other words, they are laterally continuous.
See Stratigraphy and Principle of lateral continuity
Principle of original horizontality
The principle of original horizontality states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity.
See Stratigraphy and Principle of original horizontality
Radiometric dating
Radiometric dating, radioactive dating or radioisotope dating is a technique which is used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
See Stratigraphy and Radiometric dating
Rock (geology)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. Stratigraphy and rock (geology) are Petrology.
See Stratigraphy and Rock (geology)
Sadler effect
The Sadler effect describes variation in apparent sediment accumulation rates and bed thicknesses back through time inherent to the geological sedimentary record.
See Stratigraphy and Sadler effect
Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.
See Stratigraphy and Sandstone
Sea-level curve
The sea-level curve (also known as the eustatic curve) is the representation of the changes of the sea level relative to present day mean sea level as gleaned from the stratigraphic record throughout the geological history.
See Stratigraphy and Sea-level curve
Sedimentary basin analysis
Sedimentary basin analysis is a geologic method by which the formation and evolution history of a sedimentary basin is revealed, by analyzing the sediment fill and subsidence.
See Stratigraphy and Sedimentary basin analysis
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Stratigraphy and Sedimentary rock are Petrology.
See Stratigraphy and Sedimentary rock
Sequence stratigraphy
Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology, specifically a branch of stratigraphy, that attempts to discern and understand historic geology through time by subdividing and linking sedimentary deposits into unconformity bounded units on a variety of scales.
See Stratigraphy and Sequence stratigraphy
Siltstone
Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt.
See Stratigraphy and Siltstone
South Pole
The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on Earth and lies antipodally on the opposite side of Earth from the North Pole, at a distance of 20,004 km (12,430 miles) in all directions.
See Stratigraphy and South Pole
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
See Stratigraphy and Speciation
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Stable isotope ratio
The term stable isotope has a meaning similar to stable nuclide, but is preferably used when speaking of nuclides of a specific element.
See Stratigraphy and Stable isotope ratio
Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Stratigraphy and stratum are methods in archaeology.
Tectonostratigraphy
In geology, tectonostratigraphy is stratigraphy that refers either to rock sequences in which large-scale layering is caused by the stacking of thrust sheets, or nappes, in areas of thrust tectonics or to the effects of tectonics on lithostratigraphy.
See Stratigraphy and Tectonostratigraphy
Utah
Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.
Varve
A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock.
Volcanic rock
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano.
See Stratigraphy and Volcanic rock
William Smith (geologist)
William 'Strata' Smith (23 March 1769 – 28 August 1839) was an English geologist, credited with creating the first detailed, nationwide geological map of any country.
See Stratigraphy and William Smith (geologist)
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy
Also known as Event stratigraphy, Geology, Stratigraphic, Hydrostratigraphic, Hydrostratigraphy, Statigraphy, Stratigrapher, Stratigraphic, Stratigraphic dating, Stratigraphic geology, Stratigraphic layer, Stratigraphic levels, Stratigraphic record, Stratigraphic sequence, Stratigraphical, Stratigraphical record, Stratigraphically, Stratigraphy (geology).
, Rock (geology), Sadler effect, Sandstone, Sea-level curve, Sedimentary basin analysis, Sedimentary rock, Sequence stratigraphy, Siltstone, South Pole, Speciation, Species, Stable isotope ratio, Stratum, Tectonostratigraphy, Utah, Varve, Volcanic rock, William Smith (geologist).