Streptococcus pyogenes, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 96 relations: Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, Agar plate, Antibody, Antibody therapy, Antigen, Asymptomatic carrier, Autoimmunity, Bacteria, Bacterial capsule, Bacterial cellular morphologies, Biofilm, Cellulitis, Chemokine, Clindamycin, Complement component 5a, Complement system, Connective tissue, CRISPR, Deoxyribonuclease, DNA, DNA Data Bank of Japan, Erysipelas, European Nucleotide Archive, Exotoxin, Fascia, Fibrin, Fibrinogen, Fomite, Frederick Twort, Friedrich Fehleisen, Friedrich Julius Rosenbach, Friedrich Loeffler, GenBank, Gestational age, Glomerulus, Glossary of biology, Gram-positive bacteria, Group A streptococcal infection, Hemolysis (microbiology), Human microbiome, Hyaluronic acid, Hyaluronidase, Immune system, Impetigo, Interleukin 8, Kidney, Lancefield grouping, Lipoteichoic acid, Lysis, M protein (Streptococcus), ... Expand index (46 more) »

2. Bacteria described in 1884
3. Scarlet fever
4. Tonsil disorders

Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis

Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the kidney.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis

Agar plate

An agar plate is a Petri dish that contains a growth medium solidified with agar, used to culture microorganisms.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Agar plate

Antibody

An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Antibody

Antibody therapy

Antibody therapy may refer to several different uses of antibodies for the treatment of medical conditions.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Antibody therapy

Antigen

In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Antigen

Asymptomatic carrier

An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but shows no signs or symptoms.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Asymptomatic carrier

Autoimmunity

In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Autoimmunity

Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacteria

Bacterial capsule

The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacterial capsule

Bacterial cellular morphologies

Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacterial cellular morphologies

Biofilm

A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Biofilm

Cellulitis

Cellulitis is usually a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Cellulitis

Chemokine

Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Chemokine

Clindamycin

Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections, including osteomyelitis (bone) or joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat, pneumonia, acute otitis media (middle ear infections), and endocarditis.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Clindamycin

Complement component 5a

C5a is a protein fragment released from cleavage of complement component C5 by protease C5-convertase into C5a and C5b fragments.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Complement component 5a

Complement system

The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Complement system

Connective tissue

Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Connective tissue

CRISPR

CRISPR (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and CRISPR

Deoxyribonuclease

Deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) refers to a group of glycoprotein endonucleases which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Deoxyribonuclease

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and DNA

DNA Data Bank of Japan

The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is a biological database that collects DNA sequences.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and DNA Data Bank of Japan

Erysipelas

Erysipelas is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Erysipelas

European Nucleotide Archive

The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) is a repository providing free and unrestricted access to annotated DNA and RNA sequences.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and European Nucleotide Archive

Exotoxin

An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Exotoxin

Fascia

A fascia (fasciae or fascias; adjective fascial; from Latin: "band") is a generic term for macroscopic membranous bodily structures. Fasciae are classified as superficial, visceral or deep, and further designated according to their anatomical location.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Fascia

Fibrin

Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Fibrin

Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I) is a glycoprotein complex, produced in the liver, that circulates in the blood of all vertebrates.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Fibrinogen

Fomite

A fomite or fomes is any inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi), can transfer disease to a new host.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Fomite

Frederick Twort

Frederick William Twort FRS (22 October 1877 – 20 March 1950) was an English bacteriologist and was the original discoverer in 1915 of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).

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Friedrich Fehleisen

Friedrich Fehleisen (1854–1924) was a German surgeon whose work focused on streptococcal bacteria.

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Friedrich Julius Rosenbach

Friedrich Julius Rosenbach, also known as Anton Julius Friedrich Rosenbach, (16 December 1842 – 6 December 1923) was a German physician and microbiologist.

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Friedrich Loeffler

Friedrich August Johannes Loeffler (24 June 18529 April 1915) was a German bacteriologist at the University of Greifswald.

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GenBank

The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and GenBank

Gestational age

In obstetrics, gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy taken from the beginning of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method, if available.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Gestational age

Glomerulus

Glomerulus (glomeruli) is a common term used in anatomy to describe globular structures of entwined vessels, fibers, or neurons.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Glomerulus

Glossary of biology

This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Glossary of biology

Gram-positive bacteria

In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Gram-positive bacteria

Group A streptococcal infection

Group A streptococcal infections are a number of infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus (GAS).

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Group A streptococcal infection

Hemolysis (microbiology)

Hemolysis (from Greek αιμόλυση, meaning 'blood breakdown') is the breakdown of red blood cells.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Hemolysis (microbiology)

Human microbiome

The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and the biliary tract.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Human microbiome

Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid (abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronidase

Hyaluronidases are a family of enzymes that catalyse the degradation of hyaluronic acid.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Hyaluronidase

Immune system

The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Immune system

Impetigo

Impetigo is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Impetigo

Interleukin 8

Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Interleukin 8

Kidney

In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Kidney

Lancefield grouping

Lancefield grouping is a system of classification that classifies catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci based on the carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on their cell walls.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Lancefield grouping

Lipoteichoic acid

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Lipoteichoic acid

Lysis

Lysis is the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Lysis

M protein (Streptococcus)

M protein is a virulence factor that can be produced by certain species of Streptococcus.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and M protein (Streptococcus)

Macrolide

Macrolides are a class of mostly natural products with a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Macrolide

Medical diagnosis

Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx, Dx, or Ds) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Medical diagnosis

Meningitis

Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Meningitis

Microbiological culture

A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Microbiological culture

Necrotizing fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), also known as flesh-eating disease, is a bacterial infection that results in the death of parts of the body's soft tissue.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Necrotizing fasciitis

Neutrophil

Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes, heterophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are a type of white blood cell.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Neutrophil

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibers, primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils, which bind pathogens.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Neutrophil extracellular traps

Opsonin

Opsonins are extracellular proteins that, when bound to substances or cells, induce phagocytes to phagocytose the substances or cells with the opsonins bound.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Opsonin

Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Pathogenic bacteria

Penicillin

Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Penicillin

Phagocyte

Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Phagocyte

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Phagocytosis

Pilus

A pilus (Latin for 'hair';: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Pilus

Plasmin

Plasmin is an important enzyme present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Plasmin

Postpartum period

The postpartum (or postnatal) period begins after childbirth and is typically considered to last for six weeks.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Postpartum period

Protease

A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Protease

Pus

Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during infections, regardless of cause.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Pus

Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide

Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide (PYR) is a molecule used in microbiology to detect the presence of pyrrolidonyl peptidase.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide

Quorum sensing

In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signaling (QS) is the process of cell-to-cell communication that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation, typically as a means of acclimating to environmental disadvantages.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Quorum sensing

Rash

A rash is a change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Rash

Rebecca Lancefield

Rebecca Craighill Lancefield (January 5, 1895 – March 3, 1981).

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Rebecca Lancefield

Rectum

The rectum (rectums or recta) is the final straight portion of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals, and the gut in others.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Rectum

Red blood cell

Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Red blood cell

Respiratory droplet

A respiratory droplet is a small aqueous droplet produced by exhalation, consisting of saliva or mucus and other matter derived from respiratory tract surfaces.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Respiratory droplet

Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Rheumatic fever

RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA).

See Streptococcus pyogenes and RNA

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS).

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Scarlet fever

Sepsis

Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Sepsis

Septic shock

Septic shock is a potentially fatal medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Septic shock

Serine protease

Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Serine protease

Skin flora

Skin flora, also called skin microbiota, refers to microbiota (communities of microorganisms) that reside on the skin, typically human skin.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Skin flora

Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Species

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales. Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus are gram-positive bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as streptococcal sore throat (strep throat), is pharyngitis (an infection of the pharynx, the back of the throat) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcal pharyngitis

Streptococcus

Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Bacillota. Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus are gram-positive bacteria, pathogenic bacteria and Streptococcaceae.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus

Streptococcus anginosus

Streptococcus anginosus is a species of Streptococcus. Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus anginosus are gram-positive bacteria and Streptococcaceae.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus anginosus

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a gram positive, beta-haemolytic, coccal bacterium belonging to the family Streptococcaceae. Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae are Streptococcaceae.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Streptokinase

Streptokinase is a thrombolytic medication activating plasminogen by nonenzymatic mechanism.

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Superantigen

Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Superantigen

Superinfection

A superinfection is a second infection superimposed on an earlier one, especially by a different microbial agent of exogenous or endogenous origin, that is resistant to the treatment being used against the first infection.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Superinfection

Tetracycline antibiotics

Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds that have a common basic structure and are either isolated directly from several species of Streptomyces bacteria or produced semi-synthetically from those isolated compounds.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Tetracycline antibiotics

Toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Toxic shock syndrome

Toxin

A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Toxin

Virulence

Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Virulence

Virulence factor

Virulence factors (preferably known as pathogenicity factors or effectors in botany) are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that enable microbial pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) to achieve the following.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Virulence factor

Zoonosis

A zoonosis (plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human (usually a vertebrate) to a human and vice versa.

See Streptococcus pyogenes and Zoonosis

See also

Bacteria described in 1884

• Bacillus megaterium
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Streptococcus pyogenes

Scarlet fever

• 2022–2023 United Kingdom group A streptococcus outbreak
• Dukes' disease
• Far East scarlet-like fever
• Forchheimer spots
• George Frederick Dick
• Gladys Dick
• Mattiedna Johnson
• Scarlet fever
• Scarlet fever serum
• Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin
• Streptococcus pyogenes

Tonsil disorders

• Adenoid hypertrophy
• Adenoiditis
• Peritonsillar abscess
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Tonsil
• Tonsil stones
• Tonsillitis
• Vincent's angina

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogenes

Also known as Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Group A strep, Group A β hemolytic streptococcus, Group A β-hemolytic streptococci, Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, Group a streptococcus, Hemolytic streptococcus, S. pyogenes, S.pyogenes, Strep pyogenes.

, Macrolide, Medical diagnosis, Meningitis, Microbiological culture, Necrotizing fasciitis, Neutrophil, Neutrophil extracellular traps, Opsonin, Pathogenic bacteria, Penicillin, Phagocyte, Phagocytosis, Pilus, Plasmin, Postpartum period, Protease, Pus, Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide, Quorum sensing, Rash, Rebecca Lancefield, Rectum, Red blood cell, Respiratory droplet, Rheumatic fever, RNA, Scarlet fever, Sepsis, Septic shock, Serine protease, Skin flora, Species, Staphylococcus, Streptococcal pharyngitis, Streptococcus, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptokinase, Superantigen, Superinfection, Tetracycline antibiotics, Toxic shock syndrome, Toxin, Virulence, Virulence factor, Zoonosis.