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Stromatolite, the Glossary

Stromatolites or stromatoliths are layered sedimentary formations (microbialite) that are created mainly by photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and Pseudomonadota (formerly proteobacteria).^[1]

117 relations: Abiotic component, Animal, Aragonite, Archaea, Archean, Australian Speleological Federation, Banded iron formation, Before Present, Belize, Biofilm, Bioturbation, Blue Lake / Warwar, British Columbia, Calcite, Cambrian substrate revolution, Cementation (geology), Cenote, Chetumal Bay, Chlorophyll, Chlorophyll f, Chlorophyta, Clinton Creek, Collenia, Cotham Marble, Cuatro Ciénegas, Cyanobacteria, Deposition (geology), Desiccation, DNA, Earliest known life forms, Endolithic lichen, Eocene, Eukaryote, Evolutionary radiation, Exuma, Foraminifera, Formation of rocks, Genitive case, Genus, Geologic time scale, Great Oxidation Event, Green algae, Gunflint Range, Halococcus hamelinensis, Halophile, Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve, Holocene, Hondo River (Belize), Huntite, Hydromagnesite, ... Expand index (67 more) »
Cyanobacteria
Stromatolites

Abiotic component

In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.

See Stromatolite and Abiotic component

Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

See Stromatolite and Animal

Aragonite

Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate, the others being calcite and vaterite.

See Stromatolite and Aragonite

Archaea

Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.

See Stromatolite and Archaea

Archean

The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan), in older sources sometimes called the Archaeozoic, is the second of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic.

See Stromatolite and Archean

Australian Speleological Federation

Formed in 1956, the Australian Speleological Federation Inc. (ASF) is the national body representing those interested in the protection and sustainability of Australia's cave and karst environments.

See Stromatolite and Australian Speleological Federation

Banded iron formation

Banded iron formations (BIFs; also called banded ironstone formations) are distinctive units of sedimentary rock consisting of alternating layers of iron oxides and iron-poor chert. Stromatolite and banded iron formation are sedimentary rocks.

See Stromatolite and Banded iron formation

Before Present

Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s.

See Stromatolite and Before Present

Belize

Belize (Bileez) is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America.

See Stromatolite and Belize

Biofilm

A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.

See Stromatolite and Biofilm

Bioturbation

Bioturbation is defined as the reworking of soils and sediments by animals or plants.

See Stromatolite and Bioturbation

Blue Lake / Warwar

Blue Lake / Warwar (The Blue Lake) is a large, monomictic, crater lake located in a dormant volcanic maar associated with the Mount Gambier maar complex.

See Stromatolite and Blue Lake / Warwar

British Columbia

British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada.

See Stromatolite and British Columbia

Calcite

Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

See Stromatolite and Calcite

Cambrian substrate revolution

The "Cambrian substrate revolution" or "Agronomic revolution", evidenced in trace fossils, is a sudden diversification of animal burrowing during the early Cambrian period.

See Stromatolite and Cambrian substrate revolution

Cementation (geology)

Cementation involves ions carried in groundwater chemically precipitating to form new crystalline material between sedimentary grains.

See Stromatolite and Cementation (geology)

Cenote

A cenote is a natural pit, or sinkhole, resulting when a collapse of limestone bedrock exposes groundwater.

See Stromatolite and Cenote

Chetumal Bay

Chetumal Bay is a semi-closed mesohaline estuary on the southern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula.

See Stromatolite and Chetumal Bay

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants.

See Stromatolite and Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll f

Chlorophyll f (Chl f) is a type form of chlorophyll that absorbs further in the red (infrared light) than other chlorophylls.

See Stromatolite and Chlorophyll f

Chlorophyta

Chlorophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes.

See Stromatolite and Chlorophyta

Clinton Creek

Clinton Creek (Hän: Dätl'äkayy juu) is a ghost town in Yukon.

See Stromatolite and Clinton Creek

Collenia

Collenia is genus of fossil cyanobacteria that form a particular type of stromatolites.

See Stromatolite and Collenia

Cotham Marble

Cotham Marble or Landscape Marble is a variety of Rhaetian (uppermost Triassic) stromatolitic limestone from the Penarth Group, found in south Wales and southwestern England in the area around Bristol, possibly extending to the south coast in east Devon.

See Stromatolite and Cotham Marble

Cuatro Ciénegas

Cuatro Ciénegas is a city in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila.

See Stromatolite and Cuatro Ciénegas

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.

See Stromatolite and Cyanobacteria

Deposition (geology)

Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass.

See Stromatolite and Deposition (geology)

Desiccation

Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.

See Stromatolite and Desiccation

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

See Stromatolite and DNA

Earliest known life forms

The earliest known life forms on Earth may be as old as 4.1 billion years old (or Ga) according to biologically fractionated graphite inside a single zircon grain in the Jack Hills range of Australia.

See Stromatolite and Earliest known life forms

Endolithic lichen

An endolithic lichen is a crustose lichen that grows inside solid rock, growing between the grains, with only the fruiting bodies exposed to the air.

See Stromatolite and Endolithic lichen

Eocene

The Eocene is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma).

See Stromatolite and Eocene

Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

See Stromatolite and Eukaryote

Evolutionary radiation

An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity that is caused by elevated rates of speciation, that may or may not be associated with an increase in morphological disparity.

See Stromatolite and Evolutionary radiation

Exuma

Exuma is a district of The Bahamas, consisting of over 365 islands and cays.

See Stromatolite and Exuma

Foraminifera

Foraminifera (Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of Rhizarian protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials.

See Stromatolite and Foraminifera

Formation of rocks

Terrestrial rocks are formed by three main mechanisms.

See Stromatolite and Formation of rocks

Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.

See Stromatolite and Genitive case

Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

See Stromatolite and Genus

Geologic time scale

The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth.

See Stromatolite and Geologic time scale

Great Oxidation Event

The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) or Great Oxygenation Event, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Revolution, Oxygen Crisis or Oxygen Holocaust, was a time interval during the Earth's Paleoproterozoic era when the Earth's atmosphere and shallow seas first experienced a rise in the concentration of free oxygen.

See Stromatolite and Great Oxidation Event

Green algae

The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.

See Stromatolite and Green algae

Gunflint Range

The Gunflint Range is an iron ore deposit in northern Minnesota in the United States and Northwestern Ontario, Canada.

See Stromatolite and Gunflint Range

Halococcus hamelinensis

Halococcus hamelinensis is a halophilic archaeon isolated from the stromatolites in Australia.

See Stromatolite and Halococcus hamelinensis

Halophile

A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations.

See Stromatolite and Halophile

Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve

The Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve is a protected marine nature reserve located in the UNESCO World Heritagelisted Shark Bay in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.

See Stromatolite and Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve

Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.

See Stromatolite and Holocene

Hondo River (Belize)

The Hondo River or Río Hondo is a river of Central America, approximately long, which flows in a northeasterly direction to discharge into Chetumal Bay on the Caribbean Sea.

See Stromatolite and Hondo River (Belize)

Huntite

Huntite is a carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Mg3Ca(CO3)4.

See Stromatolite and Huntite

Hydromagnesite

Hydromagnesite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with the formula.

See Stromatolite and Hydromagnesite

Hypersaline lake

A hypersaline lake is a landlocked body of water that contains significant concentrations of sodium chloride, brines, and other salts, with saline levels surpassing those of ocean water (3.5%, i.e.). Specific microbial species can thrive in high-salinity environments that are inhospitable to most lifeforms, including some that are thought to contribute to the colour of pink lakes.

See Stromatolite and Hypersaline lake

Indiana University Bloomington

Indiana University Bloomington (IU Bloomington, Indiana University, IU, or simply Indiana) is a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana.

See Stromatolite and Indiana University Bloomington

Jenolan Caves

The Jenolan Caves (Tharawal: Binoomea, Bindo, Binda) are limestone caves located within the Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve in the Central Tablelands region, west of the Blue Mountains, in Jenolan, Oberon Council, New South Wales, in eastern Australia.

See Stromatolite and Jenolan Caves

Kelly Lake, British Columbia

Kelly Lake is a community in the Peace River Country of northeastern British Columbia, Canada.

See Stromatolite and Kelly Lake, British Columbia

Lagoa Salgada

Lagoa Salgada is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil.

See Stromatolite and Lagoa Salgada

Laguna Negra, Catamarca

Laguna Negra is a lake in the Catamarca Province of Argentina. Stromatolite and Laguna Negra, Catamarca are stromatolites.

See Stromatolite and Laguna Negra, Catamarca

Lake Bacalar

Lake Bacalar (or Laguna Bacalar) is a long, narrow freshwater lake in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico near Mexico's border with Belize.

See Stromatolite and Lake Bacalar

Lake Salda

Lake Salda is a mid-size crater lake in southwestern Turkey, within the boundaries of Yeşilova district of Burdur Province.

See Stromatolite and Lake Salda

Lake Van

Lake Van (Van Gölü; translit; Gola Wanê) is the largest lake in Turkey.

See Stromatolite and Lake Van

Lamination (geology)

In geology, lamination is a small-scale sequence of fine layers (laminae;: lamina) that occurs in sedimentary rocks.

See Stromatolite and Lamination (geology)

Late Ordovician mass extinction

The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), sometimes known as the end-Ordovician mass extinction or the Ordovician-Silurian extinction, is the first of the "big five" major mass extinction events in Earth's history, occurring roughly 445 million years ago (Ma).

See Stromatolite and Late Ordovician mass extinction

Lethaia

Lethaia is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal of Earth science, covering research on palaeontology and stratigraphy.

See Stromatolite and Lethaia

Lexico

Lexico was a dictionary website that provided a collection of English and Spanish dictionaries produced by Oxford University Press (OUP), the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Stromatolite and Lexico

Lichen stromatolite

Lichen stromatolites are laminar calcretes that are proposed as being formed by a sequence of repetitions of induration followed by lichen colonization.

See Stromatolite and Lichen stromatolite

Limestone

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.

See Stromatolite and Limestone

Limestone Coast

The Limestone Coast is a name used since the early twenty-first century for a South Australian government region located in the south east of South Australia which immediately adjoins the continental coastline and the Victorian border.

See Stromatolite and Limestone Coast

Little Blue Lake

Little Blue Lake is a water-filled sinkhole (“cenote”) in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east in the locality of Mount Schank about south of the municipal seat of Mount Gambier.

See Stromatolite and Little Blue Lake

Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

See Stromatolite and Magnesium

Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

See Stromatolite and Mesozoic

Microbial mat

A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and archaea, or bacteria alone.

See Stromatolite and Microbial mat

Microbialite

Microbialite is a benthic sedimentary deposit made of carbonate mud (particle diameter Bacteria can precipitate carbonate both in shallow and in deep water (except for Cyanobacteria) and so microbialites can form regardless of the sunlight. Microbialites are the foundation of many lacustrine ecosystems, such as the biosystem of the Great Salt Lake with its millions of migratory birds or, serving in the Alchichica Lake as nurseries for axolotl (Ambystoma taylori) and a variety of fish. Stromatolite and microbialite are stromatolites.

See Stromatolite and Microbialite

Microbially induced sedimentary structure

Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are primary sedimentary structures formed by the interaction of microbes with sediment and physical agents of erosion, deposition, and transportation.

See Stromatolite and Microbially induced sedimentary structure

Min Chen (biologist)

Min Chen is an Australian plant physiologist.

See Stromatolite and Min Chen (biologist)

Mount Gambier (volcano)

Mount Gambier, also known as Berrin, is a maar complex in South Australia associated with the Newer Volcanics Province.

See Stromatolite and Mount Gambier (volcano)

Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.

See Stromatolite and Namibia

NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

See Stromatolite and NASA

New South Wales

New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.

See Stromatolite and New South Wales

Nucleotide excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism.

See Stromatolite and Nucleotide excision repair

Ojos de Mar

Ojos de Mar is a group of 3–6 small water bodies close to the town of Tolar Grande in Argentina and an important tourist attraction there.

See Stromatolite and Ojos de Mar

Oncolite

Oncolites are sedimentary structures composed of oncoids, which are layered structures formed by cyanobacterial growth. Stromatolite and Oncolite are sedimentary rocks and trace fossils.

See Stromatolite and Oncolite

Ordovician

The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.

See Stromatolite and Ordovician

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Stromatolite and Oxford University Press

Paleozoic

The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.

See Stromatolite and Paleozoic

Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve

Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve is a nature reserve of northern Chile's Tarapacá Region located in the Pampa del Tamarugal, about east of Iquique.

See Stromatolite and Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve

Pavilion Lake

Pavilion Lake is a freshwater lake located in Marble Canyon, British Columbia, Canada home to colonies of freshwater microbialites.

See Stromatolite and Pavilion Lake

Pavilion Lake Research Project

The Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP) is an international, multi-disciplinary, science and exploration effort to explain the origin of freshwater microbialites (similar to stromatolites) in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, Canada.

See Stromatolite and Pavilion Lake Research Project

Permian–Triassic extinction event

Approximately 251.9 million years ago, the Permian–Triassic (P–T, P–Tr) extinction event (PTME; also known as the Late Permian extinction event, the Latest Permian extinction event, the End-Permian extinction event, and colloquially as the Great Dying) forms the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, and with them the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.

See Stromatolite and Permian–Triassic extinction event

Permineralization

Permineralization is a process of fossilization of bones and tissues in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms.

See Stromatolite and Permineralization

Photolyase

Photolyases are DNA repair enzymes that repair damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.

See Stromatolite and Photolyase

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.

See Stromatolite and Photosynthesis

Phototaxis

Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from a stimulus of light.

See Stromatolite and Phototaxis

Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.

See Stromatolite and Polysaccharide

Porostromata

"Porostromata" is an antiquated form taxon that refers to fossil cyanobacteria. Stromatolite and Porostromata are cyanobacteria, stromatolites and trace fossils.

See Stromatolite and Porostromata

Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pC, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.

See Stromatolite and Precambrian

Prokaryote

A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

See Stromatolite and Prokaryote

Proterozoic

The Proterozoic is the third of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8Mya, the longest eon of the Earth's geologic time scale.

See Stromatolite and Proterozoic

Protozoa

Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.

See Stromatolite and Protozoa

Pseudomonadota

Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria.

See Stromatolite and Pseudomonadota

Puebla

Puebla (colony, settlement), officially Free and Sovereign State of Puebla (Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico.

See Stromatolite and Puebla

Puna de Atacama

The Puna de Atacama or Atacama Plateau is an arid high plateau, in the Andes of northern Chile (15%) and northwest of Argentina (85%).

See Stromatolite and Puna de Atacama

Rio Grande do Norte

Rio Grande do Norte is one of the states of Brazil.

See Stromatolite and Rio Grande do Norte

Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).

See Stromatolite and Salinity

Scytonema

Scytonema is a genus of photosynthetic cyanobacteria that contains over 100 species.

See Stromatolite and Scytonema

Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Stromatolite and Sedimentary rock are sedimentary rocks.

See Stromatolite and Sedimentary rock

Shark Bay

Shark Bay (Malgana: Gathaagudu) is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.

See Stromatolite and Shark Bay

Soda lake

A soda lake or alkaline lake is a lake on the strongly alkaline side of neutrality, typically with a pH value between 9 and 12.

See Stromatolite and Soda lake

Spongiostromata

"Spongiostromata" is an antiquated form taxon that refers primarily to fossil cyanobacteria. Stromatolite and Spongiostromata are cyanobacteria, stromatolites and trace fossils.

See Stromatolite and Spongiostromata

Sulfate-reducing microorganism

Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) or sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a group composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), both of which can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing sulfate as terminal electron acceptor, reducing it to hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

See Stromatolite and Sulfate-reducing microorganism

Thrombolite

Thrombolites (from Ancient Greek θρόμβος thrómbos meaning "clot" and λῐ́θος líthos meaning "stone") are clotted accretionary structures formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding, and cementation of sedimentary grains by biofilms of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria. Stromatolite and Thrombolite are cyanobacteria and trace fossils.

See Stromatolite and Thrombolite

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatolite

Also known as Stramatolite, Stramatolites, Stramolite, Stromatalite, Stromatolettia, Stromatolites, Stromatolith, Stromatolitic, Stromolite, Stromotalite.

, Hypersaline lake, Indiana University Bloomington, Jenolan Caves, Kelly Lake, British Columbia, Lagoa Salgada, Laguna Negra, Catamarca, Lake Bacalar, Lake Salda, Lake Van, Lamination (geology), Late Ordovician mass extinction, Lethaia, Lexico, Lichen stromatolite, Limestone, Limestone Coast, Little Blue Lake, Magnesium, Mesozoic, Microbial mat, Microbialite, Microbially induced sedimentary structure, Min Chen (biologist), Mount Gambier (volcano), Namibia, NASA, New South Wales, Nucleotide excision repair, Ojos de Mar, Oncolite, Ordovician, Oxford University Press, Paleozoic, Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve, Pavilion Lake, Pavilion Lake Research Project, Permian–Triassic extinction event, Permineralization, Photolyase, Photosynthesis, Phototaxis, Polysaccharide, Porostromata, Precambrian, Prokaryote, Proterozoic, Protozoa, Pseudomonadota, Puebla, Puna de Atacama, Rio Grande do Norte, Salinity, Scytonema, Sedimentary rock, Shark Bay, Soda lake, Spongiostromata, Sulfate-reducing microorganism, Thrombolite, Timeline of the evolutionary history of life, Ultraviolet, University of Colorado, Western Australia, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Xenobiology, Yucatán Peninsula, Yukon.

Stromatolite, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Cyanobacteria

Stromatolites

References