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Struggle for existence, the Glossary

The concept of the struggle for existence (or struggle for life) concerns the competition or battle for resources needed to live.^[1]

69 relations: Abstract (summary), Adaptation, Al-Jahiz, Alfred E. Emerson, Alfred Russel Wallace, Allee effect, An Essay on the Principle of Population, Animal breeding, Aristotle, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Bellum omnium contra omnes, Benjamin Disraeli, Benjamin Franklin, Bulrush, Carl Linnaeus, Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell, Cooperation, Elm, Erasmus Darwin, Essentialism, Exponential growth, French Revolutionary Wars, Galápagos Islands, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, Harriet Martineau, Heraclitus, History of Animals, House of Lords, Hybrid (biology), Immanuel Kant, Inception of Darwin's theory, James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Jeremy Bentham, Johann Gottfried Herder, John Gould, Leviathan (Hobbes book), Malthusianism, Matthew Hale (jurist), Meme, Mockingbird, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, Natural selection, Natural theology, Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc., On the Origin of Species, Parasitism, Peter Burrell, 1st Baron Gwydyr, ... Expand index (19 more) »

Abstract (summary)

An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose.

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Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.

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Al-Jahiz

Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Basri (translit), commonly known as al-Jahiz (lit), was an Arabic polymath and author of works of literature (including theory and criticism), theology, zoology, philosophy, grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, philology, linguistics, and politico-religious polemics.

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Alfred E. Emerson

Alfred Edwards Emerson, Jr. (December 31, 1896 – October 3, 1976) was an American biologist, Professor of Zoology at the University of Chicago, a noted entomologist and leading authority on termites.

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Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. Struggle for existence and Alfred Russel Wallace are Charles Darwin.

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Allee effect

The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology characterized by a correlation between population size or density and the mean individual fitness (often measured as per capita population growth rate) of a population or species.

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An Essay on the Principle of Population

The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus.

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Animal breeding

Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation (using best linear unbiased prediction and other methods) of the genetic value (estimated breeding value, EBV) of livestock.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.

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Augustin Pyramus de Candolle

Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist.

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Bellum omnium contra omnes

Bellum omnium contra omnes, a Latin phrase meaning "the war of all against all", is the description that Thomas Hobbes gives to human existence in the state-of-nature thought experiment that he conducts in De Cive (1642) and Leviathan (1651).

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Benjamin Disraeli

Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman, Conservative politician and writer who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath: a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher.

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Bulrush

Bulrush is a vernacular name for several large wetland grass-like plants.

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.

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Charles Lyell

Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining the earth's history.

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Cooperation

Cooperation (written as co-operation in British English and, with a varied usage along time, coöperation) takes place when a group of organisms works or acts together for a collective benefit to the group as opposed to working in competition for selfish individual benefit.

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Elm

Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae.

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Erasmus Darwin

Erasmus Robert Darwin (12 December 173118 April 1802) was an English physician.

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Essentialism

Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their identity.

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Exponential growth

Exponential growth is a process that increases quantity over time at an ever-increasing rate.

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French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars (Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802.

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Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands (Islas Galápagos) are an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Eastern Pacific, located around the Equator west of the mainland of South America.

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Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician, and cosmologist.

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Harriet Martineau

Harriet Martineau (12 June 1802 – 27 June 1876) was an English social theorist.

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Heraclitus

Heraclitus (Ἡράκλειτος) was an ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from the city of Ephesus, which was then part of the Persian Empire.

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History of Animals

History of Animals (Τῶν περὶ τὰ ζῷα ἱστοριῶν, Ton peri ta zoia historion, "Inquiries on Animals"; Historia Animalium, "History of Animals") is one of the major texts on biology by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who had studied at Plato's Academy in Athens.

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House of Lords

The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Hybrid (biology)

In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction.

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

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Inception of Darwin's theory

The inception of Darwin's theory occurred during an intensively busy period which began when Charles Darwin returned from the survey voyage of the ''Beagle'', with his reputation as a fossil collector and geologist already established. Struggle for existence and inception of Darwin's theory are Charles Darwin.

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James Burnett, Lord Monboddo

James Burnett, Lord Monboddo (baptised 25 October 1714 – 26 May 1799) was a Scottish judge, scholar of linguistic evolution, philosopher and deist.

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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier.

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Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham (4 February 1747/8 O.S. – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.

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Johann Gottfried Herder

Johann Gottfried von Herder (25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic.

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John Gould

John Gould (14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist who published monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart.

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Leviathan (Hobbes book)

Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, commonly referred to as Leviathan, is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668).

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Malthusianism

Malthusianism is the theory that population growth is potentially exponential, according to the Malthusian growth model, while the growth of the food supply or other resources is linear, which eventually reduces living standards to the point of triggering a population decline.

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Matthew Hale (jurist)

Sir Matthew Hale (1 November 1609 – 25 December 1676) was an influential English barrister, judge and jurist most noted for his treatise Historia Placitorum Coronæ, or The History of the Pleas of the Crown.

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Meme

A meme is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture and often carries symbolic meaning representing a particular phenomenon or theme.

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Mockingbird

Mockingbirds are a group of New World passerine birds from the family Mimidae.

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Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution

Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of anthropological essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. Struggle for existence and Natural selection are Charles Darwin.

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Natural theology

Natural theology, once also termed physico-theology, is a type of theology that seeks to provide arguments for theological topics (such as the existence of a deity) based on reason and the discoveries of science, the project of arguing for the existence of God on the basis of observed natural facts, and through natural phenomena viewed as divine, or complexities of nature seen as evidence of a divine plan (see predestination) or Will of God, which includes nature itself.

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Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity

Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity is an 1802 work of Christian apologetics and philosophy of religion by the English clergyman William Paley (1743–1805).

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Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.

Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. is a short essay written in 1751 by American polymath Benjamin Franklin.

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On the Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life)The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

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Parasitism

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Peter Burrell, 1st Baron Gwydyr

Peter Burrell, 1st Baron Gwydyr PC (16 June 1754 – 29 June 1820) featured in English politics at the end of the 18th century, but he was best known for his involvement in cricket, particularly his part in the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club in 1787.

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Peter Kropotkin

Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist and geographer known as a proponent of anarchist communism.

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Principles of Geology

Principles of Geology: Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes Now in Operation is a book by the Scottish geologist Charles Lyell that was first published in 3 volumes from 1830 to 1833.

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Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society is a quarterly journal published by the American Philosophical Society since 1838.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Second voyage of HMS Beagle

The second voyage of HMS Beagle, from 27 December 1831 to 2 October 1836, was the second survey expedition of HMS ''Beagle'', made under her newest commander, Robert FitzRoy. Struggle for existence and second voyage of HMS Beagle are Charles Darwin.

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Sybil (novel)

Sybil, or The Two Nations is an 1845 novel by Benjamin Disraeli.

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TalkOrigins Archive

The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents scientific perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and "intelligent design" creationists.

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Teleological argument

The teleological argument (from) also known as physico-theological argument, argument from design, or intelligent design argument, is an argument for the existence of God or, more generally, that complex functionality in the natural world, which looks designed, is evidence of an intelligent creator.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struggle_for_existence

Also known as Struggle for life, Struggle for survival, The struggle for existence.

, Peter Kropotkin, Principles of Geology, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Russia, Second voyage of HMS Beagle, Sybil (novel), TalkOrigins Archive, Teleological argument, Teleology, The Monthly Review (London), Thomas Cooper (American politician, born 1759), Thomas Henry Huxley, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Robert Malthus, Transmutation of species, University of Cambridge, Warder Clyde Allee, William Paley, William Smellie (encyclopedist).

Struggle for existence, the Glossary

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References