Subsidence, the Glossary
Subsidence is a general term for downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface, which can be caused by both natural processes and human activities.[1]
Table of Contents
85 relations: Accommodation (geology), Asthenosphere, Bar (unit), Building, Carbonate rock, Cave, Cave-in, Coast, Compaction (geology), Crop, Crust (geology), Deposition (geology), Diastrophism, Ductility, Earth's crust, Earthquake, Effective stress, Engineer, Extensometer, Extraction of petroleum, Fault (geology), Fissure, Flood, Geologist, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Geotechnical engineering, Groundwater, Infrastructure, Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar, Isostasy, Karst, Lagos, Lake Bonneville, Lateral and subjacent support, Lava, Lidar, Limestone, Lithification, Long Beach, California, Longwall mining, Mantle (geology), Mass wasting, Mining, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyako, Iwate, Natural gas, Netherlands, New York City, Oshika Peninsula, Overburden pressure, ... Expand index (35 more) »
- Building defects
- Vertical position
Accommodation (geology)
Accommodation is a fundamental concept in sequence stratigraphy, a subdiscipline of geology.
See Subsidence and Accommodation (geology)
Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere is the mechanically weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth.
See Subsidence and Asthenosphere
Bar (unit)
The bar is a metric unit of pressure defined as 100,000 Pa (100 kPa), though not part of the International System of Units (SI).
Building
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory.
Carbonate rock
Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals.
See Subsidence and Carbonate rock
Cave
A cave or cavern is a natural void under the Earth's surface.
Cave-in
A cave-in is a collapse of a geologic formation, mine or structure which may occur during mining, tunneling, or steep-walled excavation such as trenching.
Coast
A coastalso called the coastline, shoreline, or seashoreis the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.
Compaction (geology)
In sedimentology, compaction is the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of pressure from loading.
See Subsidence and Compaction (geology)
Crop
A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.
Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.
See Subsidence and Crust (geology)
Deposition (geology)
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass.
See Subsidence and Deposition (geology)
Diastrophism
Diastrophism is the process of deformation of the Earth's crust which involves folding and faulting.
See Subsidence and Diastrophism
Ductility
Ductility refers to the ability of a material to sustain significant plastic deformation before fracture.
Earth's crust
Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.
See Subsidence and Earth's crust
Earthquake
An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Effective stress
The effective stress can be defined as the stress, depending on the applied tension \boldsymbol_ and pore pressure p, which controls the strain or strength behaviour of soil and rock (or a generic porous body) for whatever pore pressure value or, in other terms, the stress which applied over a dry porous body (i.e. Subsidence and effective stress are soil mechanics.
See Subsidence and Effective stress
Engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety and cost.
Extensometer
An extensometer is a device that is used to measure changes in the length of an object.
See Subsidence and Extensometer
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface.
See Subsidence and Extraction of petroleum
Fault (geology)
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.
See Subsidence and Fault (geology)
Fissure
A fissure is a long, narrow crack opening along the surface of Earth. Subsidence and fissure are Geomorphology.
Flood
A flood is an overflow of water (or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry.
Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the structure, composition, and history of Earth.
The, or GSI, is the national institution responsible for surveying and mapping the national land of Japan.
See Subsidence and Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials.
See Subsidence and Geotechnical engineering
Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. Subsidence and Groundwater are soil mechanics.
See Subsidence and Groundwater
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function.
See Subsidence and Infrastructure
Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, abbreviated InSAR (or deprecated IfSAR), is a radar technique used in geodesy and remote sensing.
See Subsidence and Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
Isostasy
Isostasy (Greek ''ísos'' 'equal', ''stásis'' 'standstill') or isostatic equilibrium is the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends on its thickness and density. Subsidence and Isostasy are Geomorphology.
Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Subsidence and Karst are Geomorphology.
Lagos
Lagos (also US), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria.
Lake Bonneville
Lake Bonneville was the largest Late Pleistocene paleolake in the Great Basin of western North America.
See Subsidence and Lake Bonneville
Lateral and subjacent support
Lateral and subjacent support, in the law of property, describes the right a landowner has to have that land physically supported in its natural state by both adjoining land and underground structures.
See Subsidence and Lateral and subjacent support
Lava
Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface.
Lidar
Lidar (also LIDAR, LiDAR or LADAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging") is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver.
Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
Lithification
Lithification (from the Ancient Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and the Latin-derived suffix -ific) is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock.
See Subsidence and Lithification
Long Beach, California
Long Beach is a coastal city in southeastern Los Angeles County, California, United States.
See Subsidence and Long Beach, California
Longwall mining
Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice (typically thick).
See Subsidence and Longwall mining
Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust.
See Subsidence and Mantle (geology)
Mass wasting
Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. Subsidence and mass wasting are Geomorphology.
See Subsidence and Mass wasting
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth.
Miyagi Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu.
See Subsidence and Miyagi Prefecture
Miyako, Iwate
is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
See Subsidence and Miyako, Iwate
Natural gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.
See Subsidence and Natural gas
Netherlands
The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.
See Subsidence and Netherlands
New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
See Subsidence and New York City
Oshika Peninsula
The also pronounced "Ojika" is a peninsula which projects southeast into the Pacific Ocean from the coast of Miyagi Prefecture in northeast Honshu, the main island of Japan.
See Subsidence and Oshika Peninsula
Overburden pressure
Pressure is force magnitude applied over an area. Subsidence and Overburden pressure are soil mechanics.
See Subsidence and Overburden pressure
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns.
See Subsidence and Overexploitation
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
See Subsidence and Pacific Ocean
Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI).
See Subsidence and Pascal (unit)
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter.
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.
See Subsidence and Petroleum reservoir
Post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Subsidence and Post-glacial rebound are Geomorphology.
See Subsidence and Post-glacial rebound
Property law
Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property.
See Subsidence and Property law
Rikuzentakata, Iwate
is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
See Subsidence and Rikuzentakata, Iwate
River delta
A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
See Subsidence and River delta
San Francisco Bay Area
The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, is a region of California surrounding and including the San Francisco Bay.
See Subsidence and San Francisco Bay Area
Satellite navigation
A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning.
See Subsidence and Satellite navigation
Sōma, Fukushima
is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
See Subsidence and Sōma, Fukushima
Sea level rise
Between 1901 and 2018, the average sea level rise was, with an increase of per year since the 1970s.
See Subsidence and Sea level rise
Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.
See Subsidence and Sedimentary rock
Settlement (structural)
Settlement is the downward movement or the sinking of a structure's foundation. Subsidence and Settlement (structural) are building defects.
See Subsidence and Settlement (structural)
Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.
Slochteren
Slochteren is a village and former municipality with a population of 15,546 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.
Soil consolidation
Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure. Subsidence and soil consolidation are soil mechanics.
See Subsidence and Soil consolidation
Soil liquefaction
Soil liquefaction occurs when a cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an earthquake or other sudden change in stress condition, in which material that is ordinarily a solid behaves like a liquid. Subsidence and soil liquefaction are soil mechanics.
See Subsidence and Soil liquefaction
Solvation
Solvation describes the interaction of a solvent with dissolved molecules.
Storm drain
A storm drain, storm sewer (United Kingdom, U.S. and Canada), surface water drain/sewer (United Kingdom), or stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) is infrastructure designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces such as paved streets, car parks, parking lots, footpaths, sidewalks, and roofs.
See Subsidence and Storm drain
Surveying
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.
Tōhoku region
The, Northeast region,, or consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan.
See Subsidence and Tōhoku region
Tectonic subsidence
Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid.
See Subsidence and Tectonic subsidence
Tiltmeter
A tiltmeter is a sensitive inclinometer designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures.
Underground hard-rock mining
Underground hard-rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate "hard" minerals, usually those containing metals, such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin, and lead.
See Subsidence and Underground hard-rock mining
UNESCO Working Group on Land Subsidence
"Land Subsidence" was included in the UNESCO programme of the International Hydrological Decade (IHD), 1965–1974 and an ad hoc working group on land subsidence was formed. Subsidence and UNESCO Working Group on Land Subsidence are depressions (geology).
See Subsidence and UNESCO Working Group on Land Subsidence
Upland and lowland
Upland and lowland are conditional descriptions of a plain based on elevation above sea level.
See Subsidence and Upland and lowland
Urban planner
An urban planner (also known as town planner) is a professional who practices in the field of town planning, urban planning or city planning.
See Subsidence and Urban planner
Vadose zone
The vadose zone, also termed the unsaturated zone, is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the phreatic zone, the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at atmospheric pressure ("vadose" is from the Latin word for "shallow"). Subsidence and vadose zone are soil mechanics.
See Subsidence and Vadose zone
Water resources
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water.
See Subsidence and Water resources
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
On 11 March 2011, at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC), a 9.0–9.1 undersea megathrust earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region.
See Subsidence and 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
See also
Building defects
- Architectural acoustics
- Bay of Biscay soil
- Building diagnostics
- Damp (structural)
- Deathwatch beetle
- Dry rot
- Dry rot treatment
- Floor vibration
- Fracture
- Frost heaving
- Hylotrupes
- Ice dam (roof)
- Interstitial condensation
- Jan Sundell
- Liquid metal embrittlement
- Mildew
- Mold health issues
- Phymatodes testaceus
- Porch collapse
- Powderpost beetle
- Settlement (structural)
- Sick building syndrome
- Structural integrity and failure
- Subsidence
- Termite
- Thermal bridge
- Thermal expansion
- Weaver beetle
- Woodboring beetle
- Woodworm
Vertical position
- Altitude
- Barometric formula
- Bathometer
- Benchmark (surveying)
- Cumulative elevation gain
- Depth gauge
- Depth sounding
- Drying height
- Dynamic height
- Elevation
- Geoid
- Geopotential height
- Height above mean sea level
- High water mark
- Hydraulic jump
- Hypsometer
- Hypsometric equation
- Lapse rate
- Level (optical instrument)
- Levelling
- List of European cities by elevation
- List of deepest caves
- List of lakes by depth
- Metacentric height
- Normal height
- Ocean surface topography
- Orthometric height
- Scale height
- Spot height
- Stage (hydrology)
- Subsidence
- Topography
- True vertical depth
- Vertical displacement
- Vertical position
- Vertical pressure variation
- Vertical seismic profile
- Water level
- Water level (device)
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence
Also known as Ground movement, Ground subsidence, Land subsidence, Mine subsidence, Subsidance.
, Overexploitation, Pacific Ocean, Pascal (unit), Peat, Petroleum, Petroleum reservoir, Post-glacial rebound, Property law, Rikuzentakata, Iwate, River delta, San Francisco Bay Area, Satellite navigation, Sōma, Fukushima, Sea level rise, Sediment, Sedimentary rock, Settlement (structural), Sinkhole, Slochteren, Soil, Soil consolidation, Soil liquefaction, Solvation, Storm drain, Surveying, Tōhoku region, Tectonic subsidence, Tiltmeter, Underground hard-rock mining, UNESCO Working Group on Land Subsidence, Upland and lowland, Urban planner, Vadose zone, Water resources, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.