Sunnah, the Glossary
In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow.[1]
Table of Contents
117 relations: ABC-Clio, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As, Abdallah ibn Ibad, Abraham, Abraham in Islam, Abu Bakr, Abu Hanifa, Abul A'la Maududi, Adat, Adnan, Akhbari, Al-Ghazali, Al-Insān al-Kāmil, Al-Istibsar, Al-Nawawi, Al-Shafi'i, Al-Tabari, Ali, Ansar (Islam), Arabian Peninsula, Arabic, Basra, Battle of Badr, Bid'ah, Caliphate, Cambridge University Press, Categories of Hadith, Christians, Companions of the Prophet, Daniel W. Brown, Dhimmi, Edinburgh University Press, Fajr prayer, Faqīh, Fard, Fasting in Islam, Fazlur Rahman Malik, Fiqh, Ghulam Ahmed Perwez, Hadith, Hajj, Hanafi school, Hanbali school, Hasan al-Basri, Hijri year, Ibadah, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn Babawayh, Ibn Manzur, ... Expand index (67 more) »
ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam (translit; July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death in October 705.
See Sunnah and Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As
Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As (died 684 CE) was the son of Amr ibn al-As of Banu Sahm and was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Sunnah and Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As
Abdallah ibn Ibad
Abd Allah ibn Ibad al-Tamimi (translit; died) was an Arab Islamic scholar and a leader of the Kharijites from Basra, of the tribe of Banū Saʿd of Tamīm.
See Sunnah and Abdallah ibn Ibad
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Abraham in Islam
Abraham was a prophet and messenger of God according to Islam, and an ancestor to the Ishmaelite Arabs and Israelites.
See Sunnah and Abraham in Islam
Abu Bakr
Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa (23 August 634), commonly known by the kunya Abu Bakr, was the first caliph, ruling from 632 until his death in 634.
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa (translit; September 699–767) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, "Abū Ḥanīfa", in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary.
Abul A'la Maududi
Abul A'la al-Maududi (ابو الاعلی المودودی|translit.
See Sunnah and Abul A'la Maududi
Adat
Adat (адет adet) is a generic term derived from Arabic to describe a variety of local customary practices and traditions deemed compatible with Islam as observed by Muslim communities in the Balkans, North Caucasus, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia.
See Sunnah and Adat
Adnan
Adnan (ʿAdnān) the Patriarch is the traditional ancestor of the Adnanite Arabs of Northern, Western, Eastern and Central Arabia, as opposed to the Qahtanite Arabs of Southern Arabia who descend from Qahtan.
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Akhbari
Akhbarism (translit) is a minority school of Twelver Shia Islam.
Al-Ghazali
Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsiyy al-Ghazali (أَبُو حَامِد مُحَمَّد بْن مُحَمَّد ٱلطُّوسِيّ ٱلْغَزَّالِيّ), known commonly as Al-Ghazali (ٱلْغَزَالِيُّ;,; – 19 December 1111), known in Medieval Europe by the Latinized Algazelus or Algazel, was a Persian Sunni Muslim polymath.
Al-Insān al-Kāmil
In Islamic theology, al-Insān al-Kāmil (الإنسان الكامل), also rendered as Insān-i Kāmil (Persian/Urdu: انسان کامل) and İnsan-ı Kâmil (Turkish), is an honorific title to describe Muhammad, the prophet of Islam.
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Al-Istibsar
(lit) is the fourth hadith collection of the Four Books of Shia Islam.
Al-Nawawi
Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (translit;‎ (631A.H-676A.H) (October 1230–21 December 1277) was a Sunni Shafi'ite jurist and hadith scholar.Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, pp.238-239. Scarecrow Press.. Al-Nawawi died at the relatively early age of 45. Despite this, he authored numerous and lengthy works ranging from hadith, to theology, biography, and jurisprudence that are still read to this day.
Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (translit;;767–820 CE) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence.
Al-Tabari
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī (أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد بْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد ٱلطَّبَرِيّ; 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH), commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (ٱلطَّبَرِيّ), was a Sunni Muslim scholar, polymath, traditionalist, historian, exegete, jurist, and theologian from Amol, Tabaristan, present-day Iran.
Ali
Ali ibn Abi Talib (translit) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 to 661, as well as the first Shia imam.
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Ansar (Islam)
The Ansar or Ansari (The Helpers' or 'Those who bring victory) are the local inhabitants of Medina who took the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers (the Muhajirun) into their homes when they emigrated from Mecca during the hijra. Sunnah and Ansar (Islam) are Islamic terminology.
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.
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Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Basra
Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.
See Sunnah and Basra
Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr (غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ), also referred to as The Day of the Criterion in the Qur'an and by Muslims, was fought on 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH), near the present-day city of Badr, Al Madinah Province in Saudi Arabia.
Bid'ah
In Islam, (بدعة) refers to innovation in religious matters.
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor. Sunnah and caliphate are Islamic terminology.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Categories of Hadith
Different categories of hadith (sayings attributed to the Prophet prophet Muhammad), who was sent to the whole of mankind, have been used by various scholars.
See Sunnah and Categories of Hadith
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Companions of the Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet (lit) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence. Sunnah and Companions of the Prophet are Islamic terminology.
See Sunnah and Companions of the Prophet
Daniel W. Brown
Daniel W. Brown is the author of the books A New Introduction to Islam (in its 3rd edition as of 2017), Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought (1999).
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Dhimmi
(ذمي,, collectively أهل الذمة / "the people of the covenant") or (معاهد) is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection.
Edinburgh University Press
Edinburgh University Press is a scholarly publisher of academic books and journals, based in Edinburgh, Scotland.
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Fajr prayer
The Fajr prayer (Ṣalāt al-Fajr) is the salah (daily Islamic prayer) offered in the early morning.
Faqīh
A faqīh (fuqahā, فقيه;: ‏فقهاء&lrm) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law.
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Fard
(فرض) or (فريضة) or fardh in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God.
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Fasting in Islam
In Islam, fasting (known as, صوم; or, صيام) is the practice of abstaining, usually from food, drink, sexual activity and anything which substitutes food and drink.
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Fazlur Rahman Malik
Fazlur Rahman Malik (فضل الرحمان ملک; September 21, 1919 – July 26, 1988), commonly known as Fazlur Rahman, was a modernist scholar and Islamic philosopher from today's Pakistan.
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Fiqh
Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.
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Ghulam Ahmed Perwez
Ghulam Ahmad Parwez (غلاماحمد پرویز; 1903–1985) was a well-known teacher of the Quran in India and Pakistan.
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Hadith
Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad. Sunnah and Hadith are Islamic terminology.
Hajj
Hajj (translit; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Sunnah and Hajj are Islamic terminology.
See Sunnah and Hajj
Hanafi school
The Hanafi school or Hanafism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sunnah and Hanafi school are Sunni Islam.
Hanbali school
The Hanbali school or Hanbalism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sunnah and Hanbali school are Sunni Islam.
Hasan al-Basri
Abu Sa'id ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri, often referred to as Hasan of Basra (Arabic: الحسن البصري, romanized: Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; 642 - 15 October 728) for short, or as Hasan al-Basri, was an ancient Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, and judge.
Hijri year
The Hijri year (سَنة هِجْريّة) or era (التقويمالهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar. Sunnah and Hijri year are Islamic terminology.
Ibadah
Ibadah (عبادة., ‘ibādah, also spelled ibada) is an Arabic word meaning service or servitude.
Ibn Abi Shaybah
Ibn Abī Shaybah or Imām Abū Bakr Ibn Abī Shaybah or Abū Bakr ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad Ibn Abī Shaybah Ibrāhīm ibn ʿUthmān al-ʿAbasī al-Kūfī (Arabic: امامأبو بكر عبد الله بن محمد بن أبي شيبة إبراهيمبن عثمان العبسي الكوفي) (159H – 235H / 775–849 CE) was an early Muslim scholar of hadith.
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Ibn Babawayh
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawayh al-Qummi (Persian: محمد بن علی بن بابَوَیْهِ قمی أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن بَابَوَيْه ٱلْقُمِيّ; –991), commonly referred to as Ibn Babawayh (Persian: ابن بابویه ٱبْن بَابَوَيْه) or al-Shaykh al-Saduq (Persian: شیخ صدوق lit), was a Persian Shia Islamic scholar whose work, entitled Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih (مَنْ لَا یَحْضُرُهُ ٱلْفَقِیهُ), forms part of The Four Books of the Shia Hadith collection.
Ibn Manzur
Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī also known as Ibn Manẓūr (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) was an Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language and author of a large dictionary, Lisan al-ʿArab.
Ibn Qutaybah
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī better known simply as Ibn Qutaybah (Ibn Qutaybah; c. 828 – 13 November 889 CE / 213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH) was an Islamic scholar of Persian descent.
Ignác Goldziher
Ignác (Yitzhaq Yehuda) Goldziher (22 June 1850 – 13 November 1921), often credited as Ignaz Goldziher, was a Hungarian scholar of Islam.
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Ijma
Ijma (lit) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Islamic community on a point of Islamic law.
See Sunnah and Ijma
Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Sunnah and Imamate in Shia doctrine are Islamic terminology.
See Sunnah and Imamate in Shia doctrine
Ishmael
Ishmael was the first son of Abraham, according to the Abrahamic religions.
Ishmaelites
The Ishmaelites (Yīšməʿēʾlīm; sons of Ishmael) were a collection of various Arab tribes, tribal confederations and small kingdoms described in Abrahamic tradition as being descended from and named after Ishmael, a prophet according to the Quran, the first son of Abraham and the Egyptian Hagar.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Sunnah and Islam
Islamic modernism
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge," attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with values percieved as modern such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.
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Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi (7 April 1952) is a Pakistani Islamic scholar and philosopher who is the founder of Al-Mawrid Institute of Islamic Sciences and its sister organisation Danish Sara.
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Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
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Joseph Schacht
Joseph Franz Schacht (15 March 1902 – 1 August 1969) was a British-German professor of Arabic and Islam at Columbia University in New York.
Khaled Abou El Fadl
Khaled Abou el Fadl (خالد أبو الفضل) (born October 23, 1963) is the Omar and Azmeralda Alfi Distinguished Professor of Law at the UCLA School of Law where he has taught courses on International Human Rights, Islamic jurisprudence, National Security Law, Law and Terrorism, Islam and Human Rights, Political Asylum, and Political Crimes and Legal Systems.
See Sunnah and Khaled Abou El Fadl
Kitab al-Kafi
Al-Kafi (ٱلْكَافِي,, literally 'The Sufficient') is a hadith collection of the nocat.
Kufa
Kufa (الْكُوفَة), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf.
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Kutub al-Sittah
(), also known as (lit) are the six canonical hadith collections of Sunni Islam.
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Lisan al-Arab
Lisān al-ʿArab (lit) is a dictionary of Arabic completed by Ibn Manzur in 1290.
Madhhab
A madhhab (way to act,, pl. label) refers to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence.
Malik ibn Anas
Malik ibn Anas (translit; –795) was an Islamic scholar and traditionalist who is the eponym of the Maliki school, one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence in Sunni Islam.
Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sunnah and Maliki school are Sunni Islam.
Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
Man lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh (Jurisprudent with Him) is a Hadith collection by the famous Twelver Shia Hadith scholar Abu Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAli ibn Babawayh al-Qummi, commonly known as Ibn Babawayh or Sheikh al-Saduq (lit. The Truthful Scholar).
See Sunnah and Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
Manzoor Nomani
Muḥammad Manz̤oor Nomānī (15 December 1905 – 4 May 1997) was an Indian Islamic scholar.
Mecca
Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.
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Medina
Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed al-Ghazali
Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghazali al-Saqqa (1917–1996) (الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا.) was an Islamic scholar whose writings "have influenced generations of Egyptians".
See Sunnah and Mohammed al-Ghazali
Moses in Islam
Mūsā ibn ʿImrān (موسى ابن عمران) is a prominent prophet and messenger of God and is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran, with his name being mentioned 136 times and his life being narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet.
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.
Muhajirun
The Muhajirun (al-muhājirūn, singular مهاجر) were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina, the event is known in Islam as the Hijra. Sunnah and Muhajirun are Islamic terminology.
Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kulaynī ar-Rāzī (محمد بن یعقوب بن اسحاق کلینی رازی; أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن يَعْقُوب ٱبْن إِسْحَاق ٱلْكُلَيْنِيّ ٱلرَّازِيّ; c. 250 AH/864 CE – 329 AH/941 CE) was a Persian Shia hadith collector.
See Sunnah and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Mustafa al-Siba'i
Mustafa al-Siba'i (Muṣṭafā as-Sibāʿī) was a Syrian politician and activist.
See Sunnah and Mustafa al-Siba'i
Mustahabb
Mustahabb is an Islamic term referring to an action or thing that is recommended and favoured.
Nahj al-balagha
(lit) is the best-known collection of sermons, letters, and sayings attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rashidun caliph, the first Shia imam, and the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Sunnah and Nahj al-balagha
Oneworld Publications
Oneworld Publications is a British independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey originally to publish accessible non-fiction by experts and academics for the general market.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Prophets and messengers in Islam
Prophets in Islam (translit) are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and serve as models of ideal human behaviour.
See Sunnah and Prophets and messengers in Islam
Qibla
The qibla (lit) is the direction towards the Kaaba in the Sacred Mosque in Mecca, which is used by Muslims in various religious contexts, particularly the direction of prayer for the salah.
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Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah). Sunnah and Quran are Islamic terminology.
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Quranism
Quranism (translit) is an Islamic movement that holds the belief that the Quran is the only valid source of religious belief, guidance, and law in Islam. Sunnah and Quranism are Islamic terminology.
Ramadan (calendar month)
Ramadan (رَمَضَان) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and the month in which the Quran is believed to be revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Sunnah and Ramadan (calendar month)
Rashid Rida
Muhammad Rashid Rida (translit; 1865–1935) was an Islamic scholar, reformer, theologian and revivalist.
Riba
Riba (ربا,الربا، الربٰوة, or) is an Arabic word used in Islamic law and roughly translated as "usury": unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business.
See Sunnah and Riba
Salah
Salah is the principal form of worship in Islam. Sunnah and Salah are Islamic terminology.
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Sīrah
Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, commonly shortened to Sīrah and translated as prophetic biography, are the traditional Muslim biographies of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived. Sunnah and Sīrah are Islamic terminology.
See Sunnah and Sīrah
Schools of Islamic theology
Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding creed.
See Sunnah and Schools of Islamic theology
Shafi'i school
The Shafi'i school or Shafi'ism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sunnah and Shafi'i school are Sunni Islam.
Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith. Sunnah and Sharia are Islamic terminology.
Shaykh Tusi
Shaykh Tusi (شیخ طوسی), full name Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi (Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī), known as Shaykh al-Ta'ifah (Shaykh al-Ṭāʾifah) was a prominent Persian scholar of the Twelver school of Shia Islam.
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Shibli Nomani
Shibli Nomani (4 June 1857 – 18 November 1914) was an Islamic scholar, poet, philosopher, historian, educational thinker, author, orator, reformer and critic of orientalists from Indian subcontinent during the British Raj.
Sufism
Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism. Sunnah and Sufism are Sunni Islam.
Sunnah
In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. Sunnah and Sunnah are Islamic terminology and Sunni Islam.
Sunnah prayer
A Sunnah prayer (صلاة السنة) is an optional or supererogatory salah (ritual prayer) that can be performed in addition to the five daily salah, which are compulsory for all Muslims.
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Syro-Roman law book
The Syro-Roman law book (or Syro-Roman code) is a compilation of secular legal texts from the eastern Roman Empire originally composed in Greek in the late 5th century, but surviving only in Syriac translation.
See Sunnah and Syro-Roman law book
Tahdhib al-Ahkam
Tahdhib al-Ahkam (lit) is the third hadith collection of the Four Books of Shia Islam.
See Sunnah and Tahdhib al-Ahkam
Taqlid
Taqlid (taqlīd) is an Islamic term denoting the conformity of one person to the teaching of another.
The Four Books
The Four Books (translit) are the four canonical hadith collections of Shia Islam.
The Meadows of the Righteous
Riyad as-Salihin, The Meadows of the Righteous, or The Gardens of the Righteous, is a compilation of verses from the Quran supplemented by hadith narratives written by Al-Nawawi from Damascus (1233–1277).
See Sunnah and The Meadows of the Righteous
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644.
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University of Exeter
The University of Exeter is a research university in the West Country of England, with its main campus in Exeter, Devon.
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Usulism
Usulism (translit) is the majority school of Twelver Shia Islam in opposition to the minority Akhbarism.
Waḥy
Waḥyu (وَحْي,;: وُحِيّ,; also spelled wahi) is the Arabic word for revelation. Sunnah and Waḥy are Islamic terminology.
See Sunnah and Waḥy
Workaround
A workaround is a bypass of a recognized problem or limitation in a system or policy.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
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Zahiri school
The Ẓāhirī school (translit) or Zahirism is a Sunnī school of Islamic jurisprudence founded in the 9th century by Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī, a Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian of the Islamic Golden Age. Sunnah and Zahiri school are Sunni Islam.
Zakat
Zakat (or Zakāh) is one of the five pillars of Islam. Sunnah and Zakat are Islamic terminology.
See Sunnah and Zakat
Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid al-Asadi was an Arab Muslim commander in the service of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar who played a leading role in the Ridda wars against rebel tribes in Arabia in 632–633 and later participated in early Muslim conquests of Sasanid Persia in 633–634, Byzantine Syria in 634–638, and the Exarchate of Africa in 639–643.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah
Also known as Sonah, Sonnah, Sunnah in Shia Islam, Sunnat, Sunnat Allah, The Sunnah, Traditions of Muhammad.
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