en.unionpedia.org

Super-resolution microscopy, the Glossary

Index Super-resolution microscopy

Super-resolution microscopy is a series of techniques in optical microscopy that allow such images to have resolutions higher than those imposed by the diffraction limit, which is due to the diffraction of light.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 85 relations: Absorption (chemistry), Adsorption, Airy disk, Alexa Fluor, Amyloid, AND gate, Applied Physics Letters, Black-body radiation, Cell nucleus, Confocal microscopy, Correlative light-electron microscopy, Cyanine, Cytopathic effect, Deconvolution, Deep learning, Diffraction, Diffraction-limited system, Distance, DNA origami, Electron microscope, ERBB3, Eric Betzig, Ernst Abbe, Fick's laws of diffusion, Fluorescein, Fluorescence microscope, Fluorophore, Fourier transform, Full width at half maximum, Generative adversarial network, Genome, Green fluorescent protein, GSD microscopy, HER2, Macular degeneration, Mass attenuation coefficient, Max Schultze, Microscopy, Mitosis, Motion blur, Multifocal plane microscopy, Nanotechnology, Near and far field, Near-field scanning optical microscope, New Journal of Physics, Nile red, Nitrogen-vacancy center, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, Optical axis, ... Expand index (35 more) »

  2. Fluorescence techniques
  3. Optical microscopy

Absorption (chemistry)

Absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter the liquid or solid bulk phase of a material.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Absorption (chemistry)

Adsorption

Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Adsorption

Airy disk

In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best-focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Airy disk

Alexa Fluor

The Alexa Fluor family of fluorescent dyes is a series of dyes invented by Molecular Probes, now a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, and sold under the Invitrogen brand name.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Alexa Fluor

Amyloid

Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Amyloid

AND gate

The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction (∧) from mathematical logic AND gate behaves according to the truth table.

See Super-resolution microscopy and AND gate

Applied Physics Letters

Applied Physics Letters is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by the American Institute of Physics.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Applied Physics Letters

Black-body radiation

Black-body radiation is the thermal electromagnetic radiation within, or surrounding, a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, emitted by a black body (an idealized opaque, non-reflective body).

See Super-resolution microscopy and Black-body radiation

Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Cell nucleus

Confocal microscopy

Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Super-resolution microscopy and confocal microscopy are cell imaging, fluorescence techniques, Laboratory equipment and microscopy.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Confocal microscopy

Correlative light-electron microscopy

Correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) is the combination of an optical microscope – usually a fluorescence microscope – with an electron microscope.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Correlative light-electron microscopy

Cyanine

Cyanines, also referred to as tetramethylindo(di)-carbocyanines are a synthetic dye family belonging to the polymethine group.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Cyanine

Cytopathic effect

Cytopathic effect (abbreviated CPE) refers to structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Cytopathic effect

Deconvolution

In mathematics, deconvolution is the inverse of convolution.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Deconvolution

Deep learning

Deep learning is the subset of machine learning methods based on neural networks with representation learning.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Deep learning

Diffraction

Diffraction is the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Diffraction

Diffraction-limited system

In optics, any optical instrument or systema microscope, telescope, or camerahas a principal limit to its resolution due to the physics of diffraction.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Diffraction-limited system

Distance

Distance is a numerical or occasionally qualitative measurement of how far apart objects, points, people, or ideas are.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Distance

DNA origami

DNA origami is the nanoscale folding of DNA to create arbitrary two- and three-dimensional shapes at the nanoscale.

See Super-resolution microscopy and DNA origami

Electron microscope

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. Super-resolution microscopy and electron microscope are German inventions.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Electron microscope

ERBB3

Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3, also known as HER3 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 3), is a membrane bound protein that in humans is encoded by the ERBB3 gene.

See Super-resolution microscopy and ERBB3

Eric Betzig

Robert Eric Betzig (born January 13, 1960) is an American physicist who works as a professor of physics and professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Eric Betzig

Ernst Abbe

Ernst Karl Abbe (23 January 1840 – 14 January 1905) was a German businessman, optical engineer, physicist, and social reformer.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Ernst Abbe

Fick's laws of diffusion

Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Fick's laws of diffusion

Fluorescein

Fluorescein is an organic compound and dye based on the xanthene tricyclic structural motif, formally belonging to triarylmethine dyes family.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Fluorescein

Fluorescence microscope

A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection, and attenuation or absorption, to study the properties of organic or inorganic substances. Super-resolution microscopy and fluorescence microscope are cell imaging.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Fluorescence microscope

Fluorophore

A fluorophore (or fluorochrome, similarly to a chromophore) is a fluorescent chemical compound that can re-emit light upon light excitation.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Fluorophore

Fourier transform

In physics, engineering and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is an integral transform that takes a function as input and outputs another function that describes the extent to which various frequencies are present in the original function.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Fourier transform

Full width at half maximum

In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Full width at half maximum

Generative adversarial network

A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a class of machine learning frameworks and a prominent framework for approaching generative AI.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Generative adversarial network

Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Genome

Green fluorescent protein

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. Super-resolution microscopy and green fluorescent protein are cell imaging.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Green fluorescent protein

GSD microscopy

Ground state depletion microscopy (GSD microscopy) is an implementation of the RESOLFT concept. Super-resolution microscopy and GSD microscopy are microscopy.

See Super-resolution microscopy and GSD microscopy

HER2

Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 is a protein that normally resides in the membranes of cells and is encoded by the ERBB2 gene.

See Super-resolution microscopy and HER2

Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Macular degeneration

Mass attenuation coefficient

The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of the material; that is, the attenuation per unit mass (rather than per unit of distance).

See Super-resolution microscopy and Mass attenuation coefficient

Max Schultze

Schultze was born in Freiburg im Breisgau (Baden).

See Super-resolution microscopy and Max Schultze

Microscopy

Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). Super-resolution microscopy and microscopy are cell imaging, Laboratory equipment and optical microscopy.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Microscopy

Mitosis

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Mitosis

Motion blur

Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Motion blur

Multifocal plane microscopy

Multifocal plane microscopy (MUM), also known as multiplane microscopy or multifocus microscopy, is a form of light microscopy that allows the tracking of the 3D dynamics in live cells at high temporal and spatial resolution by simultaneously imaging different focal planes within the specimen. Super-resolution microscopy and Multifocal plane microscopy are cell imaging, fluorescence techniques, Laboratory equipment and microscopy.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Multifocal plane microscopy

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm).

See Super-resolution microscopy and Nanotechnology

Near and far field

The near field and far field are regions of the electromagnetic (EM) field around an object, such as a transmitting antenna, or the result of radiation scattering off an object.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Near and far field

Near-field scanning optical microscope

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) or scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is a microscopy technique for nanostructure investigation that breaks the far field resolution limit by exploiting the properties of evanescent waves. Super-resolution microscopy and near-field scanning optical microscope are cell imaging, Laboratory equipment, microscopy and optical microscopy.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Near-field scanning optical microscope

New Journal of Physics

New Journal of Physics is an online-only, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in all aspects of physics, as well as interdisciplinary topics where physics forms the central theme.

See Super-resolution microscopy and New Journal of Physics

Nile red

Nile red (also known as Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Nile red

Nitrogen-vacancy center

The nitrogen-vacancy center (N-V center or NV center) is one of numerous photoluminescent point defects in diamond.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Nitrogen-vacancy center

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem

The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is an essential principle for digital signal processing linking the frequency range of a signal and the sample rate required to avoid a type of distortion called aliasing.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem

Optical axis

An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Optical axis

Optical microscope

The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Super-resolution microscopy and optical microscope are optical microscopy.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Optical microscope

Optical path length

In optics, optical path length (OPL, denoted Λ in equations), also known as optical length or optical distance, is the length that light needs to travel through a vacuum to create the same phase difference as it would have when traveling through a given medium.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Optical path length

Optical resolution

Optical resolution describes the ability of an imaging system to resolve detail, in the object that is being imaged.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Optical resolution

Phase (waves)

In physics and mathematics, the phase (symbol φ or ϕ) of a wave or other periodic function F of some real variable t (such as time) is an angle-like quantity representing the fraction of the cycle covered up to t. It is expressed in such a scale that it varies by one full turn as the variable t goes through each period (and F(t) goes through each complete cycle).

See Super-resolution microscopy and Phase (waves)

Photoactivatable probes

Photoactivatable probes, or caged probes, are cellular players (proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules) that can be triggered by a flash of light.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Photoactivatable probes

Photoactivated localization microscopy

Photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM or FPALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) are widefield (as opposed to point scanning techniques such as laser scanning confocal microscopy) fluorescence microscopy imaging methods that allow obtaining images with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Super-resolution microscopy and Photoactivated localization microscopy are cell imaging and Laboratory equipment.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Photoactivated localization microscopy

Point spread function

The point spread function (PSF) describes the response of a focused optical imaging system to a point source or point object.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Point spread function

Poisson distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time if these events occur with a known constant mean rate and independently of the time since the last event.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Poisson distribution

Polaroid Corporation

Polaroid Corporation was an American company best known for its instant film and cameras, which now survives as a brand for consumer electronics.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Polaroid Corporation

Prophase

Prophase is the first stage of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Prophase

Quantum yield

In particle physics, the quantum yield (denoted) of a radiation-induced process is the number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed by the system.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Quantum yield

Red fluorescent protein

Red fluorescent protein (RFP) is a fluorophore that fluoresces red-orange when excited.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Red fluorescent protein

RESOLFT

RESOLFT, an acronym for REversible Saturable OpticaL Fluorescence Transitions, denotes a group of optical fluorescence microscopy techniques with very high resolution.

See Super-resolution microscopy and RESOLFT

Singlet state

In quantum mechanics, a singlet state usually refers to a system in which all electrons are paired.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Singlet state

Solid angle

In geometry, a solid angle (symbol) is a measure of the amount of the field of view from some particular point that a given object covers.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Solid angle

Sorption

Sorption is a physical and chemical process by which one substance becomes attached to another.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Sorption

Spatial frequency

In mathematics, physics, and engineering, spatial frequency is a characteristic of any structure that is periodic across position in space.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Spatial frequency

Standard deviation

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation of a random variable expected about its mean.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Standard deviation

STED microscopy

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy. Super-resolution microscopy and STED microscopy are cell imaging and Laboratory equipment.

See Super-resolution microscopy and STED microscopy

Stefan Hell

Stefan Walter Hell (born 23 December 1962) is a Romanian-German physicist and one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen, and of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, both of which are in Germany.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Stefan Hell

Stimulated emission

Stimulated emission is the process by which an incoming photon of a specific frequency can interact with an excited atomic electron (or other excited molecular state), causing it to drop to a lower energy level.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Stimulated emission

Super-resolution imaging

Super-resolution imaging (SR) is a class of techniques that enhance (increase) the resolution of an imaging system.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Super-resolution imaging

Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging

Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is a post-processing method for the calculation of super-resolved images from recorded image time series that is based on the temporal correlations of independently fluctuating fluorescent emitters. Super-resolution microscopy and super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging are microscopy.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging

Superlens

A superlens, or super lens, is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Superlens

Telophase

Telophase is the final stage in both meiosis and mitosis in a eukaryotic cell.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Telophase

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See Super-resolution microscopy and The New York Times

Tobacco mosaic virus

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Tobacco mosaic virus

Total internal reflection

In physics, total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon in which waves arriving at the interface (boundary) from one medium to another (e.g., from water to air) are not refracted into the second ("external") medium, but completely reflected back into the first ("internal") medium.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Total internal reflection

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope

A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) is a type of microscope with which a thin region of a specimen, usually less than 200 nanometers can be observed. Super-resolution microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscope are cell imaging, fluorescence techniques and Laboratory equipment.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope

Triplet state

In quantum mechanics, a triplet state, or spin triplet, is the quantum state of an object such as an electron, atom, or molecule, having a quantum spin S.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Triplet state

Vertico spatially modulated illumination

Vertico spatially modulated illumination (Vertico-SMI) is the fastest light microscope for the 3D analysis of complete cells in the nanometer range.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Vertico spatially modulated illumination

Video super-resolution

Video super-resolution (VSR) is the process of generating high-resolution video frames from the given low-resolution video frames.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Video super-resolution

William E. Moerner

William Esco Moerner, also known as W. E. Moerner, (born June 24, 1953) is an American physical chemist and chemical physicist with current work in the biophysics and imaging of single molecules.

See Super-resolution microscopy and William E. Moerner

Yellow fluorescent protein

Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria.

See Super-resolution microscopy and Yellow fluorescent protein

4Pi microscope

A 4Pi microscope is a laser scanning fluorescence microscope with an improved axial resolution. Super-resolution microscopy and 4Pi microscope are cell imaging.

See Super-resolution microscopy and 4Pi microscope

See also

Fluorescence techniques

Optical microscopy

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-resolution_microscopy

Also known as High-resolution microscopy, Nanoscopy, Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, Super resolution microscopy, Super-resolution light microscopy.

, Optical microscope, Optical path length, Optical resolution, Phase (waves), Photoactivatable probes, Photoactivated localization microscopy, Point spread function, Poisson distribution, Polaroid Corporation, Prophase, Quantum yield, Red fluorescent protein, RESOLFT, Singlet state, Solid angle, Sorption, Spatial frequency, Standard deviation, STED microscopy, Stefan Hell, Stimulated emission, Super-resolution imaging, Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging, Superlens, Telophase, The New York Times, Tobacco mosaic virus, Total internal reflection, Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope, Triplet state, Vertico spatially modulated illumination, Video super-resolution, William E. Moerner, Yellow fluorescent protein, 4Pi microscope.