Symbiogenesis, the Glossary
Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.[1]
Table of Contents
135 relations: Academic Press, Acritarch, Adenosine triphosphate, Algae, Alphaproteobacteria, Alveolate, Amoeba, Ancient Greek, Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper, Angomonas deanei, Archaea, Autophagy, Bacteria, Base pair, Boris Kozo-Polyansky, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Bya, Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa, Cardiolipin, Cell division, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Chlorophyll, Chloroplast, Christian de Duve, Chromatophore, Chromosome, Cilium, Circular chromosome, Coccolithophore, Comparative genomics, Complementary DNA, Crown group, Cryptomonad, Current Biology, Current Opinion (Elsevier), Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Cyanobacteria, Cytoskeleton, Cytosol, Darwinism, De novo synthesis, Diazotroph, DNA, DNA damage (naturally occurring), Dorion Sagan, Endomembrane system, Endoplasmic reticulum, Endosymbiont, Euglena, ... Expand index (85 more) »
- Endosymbiotic events
- Eukaryote genetics
Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.
See Symbiogenesis and Academic Press
Acritarch
Acritarchs are organic microfossils, known from approximately 1800 million years ago to the present.
See Symbiogenesis and Acritarch
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
See Symbiogenesis and Adenosine triphosphate
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms. Symbiogenesis and Algae are endosymbiotic events.
Alphaproteobacteria
Alphaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (formerly "Proteobacteria").
See Symbiogenesis and Alphaproteobacteria
Alveolate
The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") are a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya.
See Symbiogenesis and Alveolate
Amoeba
An amoeba (less commonly spelled ameba or amœba;: amoebas (less commonly, amebas) or amoebae (amebae)), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods. Symbiogenesis and amoeba are Microbiology.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
See Symbiogenesis and Ancient Greek
Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper
Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper (12 May 1856 – 9 September 1901) was a German botanist and phytogeographer who made major contributions in the fields of histology, ecology and plant geography.
See Symbiogenesis and Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper
Angomonas deanei
Angomonas deanei is a flagellated trypanosomatid protozoan. Symbiogenesis and Angomonas deanei are endosymbiotic events and symbiosis.
See Symbiogenesis and Angomonas deanei
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
Autophagy
Autophagy (or autophagocytosis; from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος,, meaning "self-devouring" and κύτος,, meaning "hollow") is the natural, conserved degradation of the cell that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism.
See Symbiogenesis and Autophagy
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
See Symbiogenesis and Bacteria
Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
See Symbiogenesis and Base pair
Boris Kozo-Polyansky
Boris Mikhailovich Kozo-Polyansky (20 January 1890 – 21 April 1957) was a Soviet and Russian botanist and evolutionary biologist, best known for his seminal work, Symbiogenesis: A New Principle of Evolution, which was the first work to place the theory of symbiogenesis into a Darwinian evolutionary context, as well as one of the first to redefine cell theory.
See Symbiogenesis and Boris Kozo-Polyansky
Braarudosphaera bigelowii
Braarudosphaera bigelowii is a coastal coccolithophore in the fossil record going back 100 million years to the Late Cretaceous.
See Symbiogenesis and Braarudosphaera bigelowii
Bya
bya or b.y.a. is an abbreviation for "billion years ago".
Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa
Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa, also referred to as UCYN-A, is a nitrogen-fixing species of cyanobacteria commonly found in measurable quantities throughout the world's oceans and some seas.
See Symbiogenesis and Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa
Cardiolipin
Cardiolipin (IUPAC name 1,3-bis(sn-3’-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol, "sn" designating stereospecific numbering) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition.
See Symbiogenesis and Cardiolipin
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
See Symbiogenesis and Cell division
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
See Symbiogenesis and Cell membrane
Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
See Symbiogenesis and Cell nucleus
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
See Symbiogenesis and Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. Symbiogenesis and chloroplast are endosymbiotic events.
See Symbiogenesis and Chloroplast
Christian de Duve
Christian René Marie Joseph, Viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Nobel Prize-winning Belgian cytologist and biochemist.
See Symbiogenesis and Christian de Duve
Chromatophore
Chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment-containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods.
See Symbiogenesis and Chromatophore
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
See Symbiogenesis and Chromosome
Cilium
The cilium (cilia;; in anatomy, cilium is an eyelash) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell.
Circular chromosome
A circular chromosome is a chromosome in bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in the form of a molecule of circular DNA, unlike the linear chromosome of most eukaryotes.
See Symbiogenesis and Circular chromosome
Coccolithophore
Coccolithophores, or coccolithophorids, are single-celled organisms which are part of the phytoplankton, the autotrophic (self-feeding) component of the plankton community.
See Symbiogenesis and Coccolithophore
Comparative genomics
Comparative genomics is a branch of biological research that examines genome sequences across a spectrum of species, spanning from humans and mice to a diverse array of organisms from bacteria to chimpanzees. Symbiogenesis and Comparative genomics are evolutionary biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Comparative genomics
Complementary DNA
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA that was reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA).
See Symbiogenesis and Complementary DNA
Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. Symbiogenesis and crown group are evolutionary biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Crown group
Cryptomonad
The cryptomonads (or cryptophytes) are a group of algae, most of which have plastids.
See Symbiogenesis and Cryptomonad
Current Biology
Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Current Biology
Current Opinion (Elsevier)
Current Opinion is a collection of review journals on various disciplines of the life sciences.
See Symbiogenesis and Current Opinion (Elsevier)
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Current Opinion in Cell Biology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier covering all aspects of cell biology including genetics, cell communication, and metabolism.
See Symbiogenesis and Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.
See Symbiogenesis and Cyanobacteria
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea.
See Symbiogenesis and Cytoskeleton
Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)).
Darwinism
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Symbiogenesis and Darwinism are evolutionary biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Darwinism
De novo synthesis
In chemistry, de novo synthesis is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules such as sugars or amino acids, as opposed to recycling after partial degradation.
See Symbiogenesis and De novo synthesis
Diazotroph
Diazotrophs are bacteria and archaea that fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere into bioavailable forms such as ammonia.
See Symbiogenesis and Diazotroph
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a nucleobase missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG.
See Symbiogenesis and DNA damage (naturally occurring)
Dorion Sagan
Dorion Sagan (born 1959) is an American essayist, fiction writer, poet, and theorist of ecology.
See Symbiogenesis and Dorion Sagan
Endomembrane system
The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes (endomembranes) that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell.
See Symbiogenesis and Endomembrane system
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Symbiogenesis and Endoplasmic reticulum
Endosymbiont
An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism. Symbiogenesis and endosymbiont are endosymbiotic events and symbiosis.
See Symbiogenesis and Endosymbiont
Euglena
Euglena is a genus of single cell flagellate eukaryotes.
Eukaryogenesis
Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms.
See Symbiogenesis and Eukaryogenesis
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
See Symbiogenesis and Eukaryote
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Symbiogenesis and Evolution are evolutionary biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Evolution
Evolution of flagella
The evolution of flagella is of great interest to biologists because the three known varieties of flagella – (eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal) each represent a sophisticated cellular structure that requires the interaction of many different systems.
See Symbiogenesis and Evolution of flagella
Fission (biology)
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original.
See Symbiogenesis and Fission (biology)
Flagellum
A flagellum (flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.
See Symbiogenesis and Flagellum
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes.
See Symbiogenesis and Gametogenesis
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
Genome size
Genome size is the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a single complete genome.
See Symbiogenesis and Genome size
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
See Symbiogenesis and Golgi apparatus
Great Oxidation Event
The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) or Great Oxygenation Event, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Revolution, Oxygen Crisis or Oxygen Holocaust, was a time interval during the Earth's Paleoproterozoic era when the Earth's atmosphere and shallow seas first experienced a rise in the concentration of free oxygen.
See Symbiogenesis and Great Oxidation Event
Green algae
The green algae (green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta.
See Symbiogenesis and Green algae
Hans Ris
Hans Ris (June 15, 1914 – November 19, 2004) was an American cytologist and pioneer electron microscopist.
See Symbiogenesis and Hans Ris
Haptophyte
The haptophytes, classified either as the Haptophyta, Haptophytina or Prymnesiophyta (named for Prymnesium), are a clade of algae.
See Symbiogenesis and Haptophyte
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See Symbiogenesis and Harvard University Press
Hatena arenicola
Hatena arenicola is a species of single-celled eukaryotes discovered in 2000, and first reported in 2005. Symbiogenesis and Hatena arenicola are endosymbiotic events.
See Symbiogenesis and Hatena arenicola
Heme
Heme (American English), or haem (Commonwealth English, both pronounced /hi:m/), is a ring-shaped iron-containing molecular component of hemoglobin, which is necessary to bind oxygen in the bloodstream.
Heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
See Symbiogenesis and Heterotroph
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).
See Symbiogenesis and Horizontal gene transfer
Hydrogen hypothesis
The hydrogen hypothesis is a model proposed by William F. Martin and Miklós Müller in 1998 that describes a possible way in which the mitochondrion arose as an endosymbiont within a prokaryotic host in the archaea, giving rise to a symbiotic association of two cells from which the first eukaryotic cell could have arisen (symbiogenesis). Symbiogenesis and hydrogen hypothesis are biological hypotheses.
See Symbiogenesis and Hydrogen hypothesis
Hydrogenosome
A hydrogenosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in some anaerobic ciliates, flagellates, and fungi.
See Symbiogenesis and Hydrogenosome
Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).
See Symbiogenesis and Hydrophobe
Ivan Wallin
Ivan Emanuel Wallin (22 January 1883 – 6 March 1969) was an American biologist who made the first experimental works on endosymbiotic theory.
See Symbiogenesis and Ivan Wallin
Journal of Cell Biology
The Journal of Cell Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Rockefeller University Press.
See Symbiogenesis and Journal of Cell Biology
Journal of Theoretical Biology
The Journal of Theoretical Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical biology, as well as mathematical, computational, and statistical aspects of biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Journal of Theoretical Biology
Kleptoplasty
Kleptoplasty or kleptoplastidy is a process in symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host. Symbiogenesis and kleptoplasty are endosymbiotic events.
See Symbiogenesis and Kleptoplasty
Konstantin Mereschkowski
Konstantin Sergeevich Mereschkowski (p; – 9 January 1921) was a Russian biologist and botanist, active mainly around Kazan, whose research on lichens led him to propose the theory of symbiogenesis – that larger, more complex cells (of eukaryotes) evolved from the symbiotic relationship between less complex ones.
See Symbiogenesis and Konstantin Mereschkowski
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW) is an American imprint of the American Dutch publishing conglomerate Wolters Kluwer.
See Symbiogenesis and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Lynn Margulis
Lynn Margulis (born Lynn Petra Alexander; March 5, 1938 – November 22, 2011) was an American evolutionary biologist, and was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution. Symbiogenesis and Lynn Margulis are symbiosis.
See Symbiogenesis and Lynn Margulis
Lysis
Lysis is the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.
See Symbiogenesis and Macromolecule
Membrane lipid
Membrane lipids are a group of compounds (structurally similar to fats and oils) which form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
See Symbiogenesis and Membrane lipid
Messenger RNA
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.
See Symbiogenesis and Messenger RNA
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
See Symbiogenesis and Metabolism
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
See Symbiogenesis and Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Symbiogenesis and mitochondrion are endosymbiotic events.
See Symbiogenesis and Mitochondrion
Mitosome
A mitosome (also called a crypton in early literature) is a mitochondrion-related organelle (MRO) found in a variety of parasitic unicellular eukaryotes, such as members of the supergroup Excavata.
See Symbiogenesis and Mitosome
Mixotricha paradoxa
Mixotricha paradoxa is a species of protozoan that lives inside the gut of the Australian termite species Mastotermes darwiniensis. Symbiogenesis and Mixotricha paradoxa are endosymbiotic events and symbiosis.
See Symbiogenesis and Mixotricha paradoxa
Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. Symbiogenesis and Mutualism (biology) are symbiosis.
See Symbiogenesis and Mutualism (biology)
N-Formylmethionine
N-Formylmethionine (fMet, HCO-Met, For-Met) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group.
See Symbiogenesis and N-Formylmethionine
Nature Reviews Genetics
Nature Reviews Genetics is a monthly review journal published by Nature Portfolio.
See Symbiogenesis and Nature Reviews Genetics
Nitroplast
A nitroplast is an organelle found in certain species of algae, particularly in the marine algae Braarudosphaera bigelowii.
See Symbiogenesis and Nitroplast
Non-homologous end joining
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA.
See Symbiogenesis and Non-homologous end joining
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material.
See Symbiogenesis and Nuclear envelope
Nuclear gene
A nuclear gene is a gene that has its DNA nucleotide sequence physically situated within the cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism.
See Symbiogenesis and Nuclear gene
Nuclear protein
A nuclear protein is a protein found in the cell nucleus.
See Symbiogenesis and Nuclear protein
Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function.
See Symbiogenesis and Organelle
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Symbiogenesis and Oxford University Press
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK, US) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
See Symbiogenesis and Oxidative phosphorylation
Parakaryon
Parakaryon myojinensis, also known as the Myojin parakaryote, is a highly unusual species of single-celled organism known only from a single specimen, described in 2012. Symbiogenesis and parakaryon are endosymbiotic events.
See Symbiogenesis and Parakaryon
Parasite Eve (novel)
is a Japanese science fiction horror novel by Hideaki Sena, first published by Kadokawa in 1995.
See Symbiogenesis and Parasite Eve (novel)
Paul Portier (physiologist)
Paul Jules Portier (22 May 1866 – 26 January 1962) was a French physiologist who made important contributions to the discovery of anaphylaxis and the development of symbiogenesis. Symbiogenesis and Paul Portier (physiologist) are evolutionary biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Paul Portier (physiologist)
Paulinella
Paulinella is a genus of at least eleven species including both freshwater and marine amoeboids.
See Symbiogenesis and Paulinella
Pediculus humanus
Pediculus humanus is a species of louse that infects humans.
See Symbiogenesis and Pediculus humanus
Pelagibacterales
The Pelagibacterales are an order in the Alphaproteobacteria composed of free-living marine bacteria that make up roughly one in three cells at the ocean's surface.
See Symbiogenesis and Pelagibacterales
Peroxisome
A peroxisome is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.
See Symbiogenesis and Peroxisome
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
See Symbiogenesis and Photosynthesis
Photosystem
Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis.
See Symbiogenesis and Photosystem
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.
See Symbiogenesis and Phylogenetic tree
Plastid
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. Symbiogenesis and plastid are endosymbiotic events.
Porin (protein)
Porins are beta barrel proteins that cross a cellular membrane and act as a pore, through which molecules can diffuse.
See Symbiogenesis and Porin (protein)
Prokaryote
A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
See Symbiogenesis and Prokaryote
Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes.
See Symbiogenesis and Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Proto-mitochondrion
The proto-mitochondrion is the hypothetical ancestral bacterial endosymbiont from which all mitochondria in eukaryotes are thought to descend, after an episode of symbiogenesis which created the aerobic eukaryotes. Symbiogenesis and proto-mitochondrion are symbiosis.
See Symbiogenesis and Proto-mitochondrion
Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.
See Symbiogenesis and Reactive oxygen species
Red algae
Red algae, or Rhodophyta, make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
See Symbiogenesis and Red algae
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation).
See Symbiogenesis and Ribosome
Rickettsiales
The Rickettsiales, informally called rickettsias, are an order of small Alphaproteobacteria.
See Symbiogenesis and Rickettsiales
Russians
Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.
See Symbiogenesis and Russians
Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology
Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific review journal covering cell and developmental biology.
See Symbiogenesis and Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
See Symbiogenesis and Sexual reproduction
Spirochaete
A spirochaete or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (also called Spirochaetes), which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) Gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells.
See Symbiogenesis and Spirochaete
Stramenopile
The Stramenopiles, also called Heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs.
See Symbiogenesis and Stramenopile
Strigomonas culicis
Strigomonas culicis is a protist and member of flagellated trypanosomatids. Symbiogenesis and Strigomonas culicis are endosymbiotic events.
See Symbiogenesis and Strigomonas culicis
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
See Symbiogenesis and Symbiosis
Synechococcus
Synechococcus (from the Greek synechos, in succession, and the Greek kokkos, granule) is a unicellular cyanobacterium that is very widespread in the marine environment.
See Symbiogenesis and Synechococcus
Thylakoid
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.
See Symbiogenesis and Thylakoid
Transport protein
A transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion transport protein) is a protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism.
See Symbiogenesis and Transport protein
Trends (journals)
Trends is a series of 16 review journals in a range of areas of biology and chemistry published under its Cell Press imprint by Elsevier.
See Symbiogenesis and Trends (journals)
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
See Symbiogenesis and University of California Press
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Symbiogenesis and University of Chicago Press
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
See Symbiogenesis and Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Viral eukaryogenesis
Viral eukaryogenesis is the hypothesis that the cell nucleus of eukaryotic life forms evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within a methanogenic archaeon or a bacterium. Symbiogenesis and Viral eukaryogenesis are endosymbiotic events, evolutionary biology and Microbiology.
See Symbiogenesis and Viral eukaryogenesis
See also
Endosymbiotic events
- Algae
- Angomonas deanei
- Apicoplast
- Chloroplast
- Dinoflagellate
- Endogenosymbiosis
- Endosymbiont
- Hatena arenicola
- Karyoklepty
- Kleptoplasty
- Mesodinium chamaeleon
- Mesodinium rubrum
- Mitochondria
- Mitochondrion
- Mixotricha paradoxa
- Novymonas
- Nucleomorph
- Palynodinium
- Parakaryon
- Paramecium biaurelia
- Paramecium bursaria
- Plastid
- Plastid evolution
- Strigomonas culicis
- Symbiogenesis
- Viral eukaryogenesis
- Wolbachia
Eukaryote genetics
- Animal genetics
- Eukaryotic translation
- Plant genetics
- Symbiogenesis
- Translation regulation by 5′ transcript leader cis-elements
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiogenesis
Also known as Endobiosis, Endosymbiont hypothesis, Endosymbiont theory, Endosymbiosed, Endosymbiosis hypothesis, Endosymbiosis theory, Endosymbiotic Theory, Endosymbiotic hypothesis, Hereditary symbiosis, Primary endosymbiosis, Progressive endosymbiotic theory, Secondary endosymbiosis, Secondary endosymbiotic events, Serial Endosymbiosis Theory, Serial endosymbiosis, Serial endosymbiotic theory, Serial symbiosis theory, Symbionticism, Symbiosis theory, Symbiotic Theory, Symbiotic Theory of Cellular Evolution, Symbiotic Theroy.
, Eukaryogenesis, Eukaryote, Evolution, Evolution of flagella, Fission (biology), Flagellum, Gametogenesis, Genome, Genome size, Golgi apparatus, Great Oxidation Event, Green algae, Hans Ris, Haptophyte, Harvard University Press, Hatena arenicola, Heme, Heterotroph, Horizontal gene transfer, Hydrogen hypothesis, Hydrogenosome, Hydrophobe, Ivan Wallin, Journal of Cell Biology, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Kleptoplasty, Konstantin Mereschkowski, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Lynn Margulis, Lysis, Macromolecule, Membrane lipid, Messenger RNA, Metabolism, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrion, Mitosome, Mixotricha paradoxa, Mutualism (biology), N-Formylmethionine, Nature Reviews Genetics, Nitroplast, Non-homologous end joining, Nuclear envelope, Nuclear gene, Nuclear protein, Organelle, Oxford University Press, Oxidative phosphorylation, Parakaryon, Parasite Eve (novel), Paul Portier (physiologist), Paulinella, Pediculus humanus, Pelagibacterales, Peroxisome, Photosynthesis, Photosystem, Phylogenetic tree, Plastid, Porin (protein), Prokaryote, Prokaryotic cytoskeleton, Protein, Proto-mitochondrion, Reactive oxygen species, Red algae, Redox, Ribosome, Rickettsiales, Russians, Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Sexual reproduction, Spirochaete, Stramenopile, Strigomonas culicis, Symbiosis, Synechococcus, Thylakoid, Transport protein, Trends (journals), University of California Press, University of Chicago Press, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Viral eukaryogenesis.