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Symbolic racism, the Glossary

Symbolic racism (also known as modern-symbolic racism, modern racism, symbolic prejudice, and racial resentment) is a coherent belief system that reflects an underlying one-dimensional prejudice towards a racialized ethnicity.^[1]

93 relations: Aboriginal Australians, Affirmative action, Ambivalent prejudice, American National Election Studies, Asian people, Australia, Australians, Aversive racism, Barack Obama, Benevolent prejudice, Black people, Capital punishment, Child, Civil rights movement, College, Conservatism, Construct validity, Correlation, Culture, David O. Sears, Dependent and independent variables, Discriminant validity, Discrimination, Discrimination in the United States, Equal opportunity, Equality of outcome, Ethnicity, Europe, European Australians, European Union, Framing (social sciences), Gangsta rap, Generalizability theory, Gospel music, Heterosexism, Hip hop music, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Howard Schuman, Identity (social science), Ideology, In-group and out-group, In-group favoritism, Institutional racism, Irish people, Italians, Jazz, Jews, Jim Crow laws, Justice, Laissez-faire, ... Expand index (43 more) »

Aboriginal Australians

Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands.

See Symbolic racism and Aboriginal Australians

Affirmative action

Affirmative action (also sometimes called reservations, alternative access, positive discrimination or positive action in various countries' laws and policies) refers to a set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to benefit marginalized groups.

See Symbolic racism and Affirmative action

Ambivalent prejudice

Ambivalent prejudice is a social psychological theory that states that, when people become aware that they have conflicting beliefs about an outgroup (a group of people that do not belong to an individual's own group), they experience an unpleasant mental feeling generally referred to as cognitive dissonance.

See Symbolic racism and Ambivalent prejudice

American National Election Studies

The American National Election Studies (ANES) are academically-run national surveys of voters in the United States, conducted before and after every presidential election.

See Symbolic racism and American National Election Studies

Asian people

Asian people (or Asians, sometimes referred to as Asiatic peopleUnited States National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings. 2004. November 17, 2006.: Asian Continental Ancestry Group is also used for categorical purposes.) are the people of the continent of Asia.

See Symbolic racism and Asian people

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

See Symbolic racism and Australia

Australians

Australians, colloquially known as Aussies or Antipodeans, are the citizens, nationals and individuals associated with the country of Australia.

See Symbolic racism and Australians

Aversive racism

Aversive racism is a social scientific theory proposed by Samuel L. Gaertner & John F. Dovidio (1986), according to which negative evaluations of racial/ethnic minorities are realized by a persistent avoidance of interaction with other racial and ethnic groups.

See Symbolic racism and Aversive racism

Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

See Symbolic racism and Barack Obama

Benevolent prejudice

Benevolent prejudice is a superficially positive prejudice expressed in terms of positive beliefs and emotional responses, which are associated with hostile prejudices or result in keeping affected groups in inferior societal positions.

See Symbolic racism and Benevolent prejudice

Black people

Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion.

See Symbolic racism and Black people

Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.

See Symbolic racism and Capital punishment

Child

A child is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty.

See Symbolic racism and Child

Civil rights movement

The civil rights movement was a social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country.

See Symbolic racism and Civil rights movement

College

A college (Latin: collegium) is an educational institution or a constituent part of one.

See Symbolic racism and College

Conservatism

Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values.

See Symbolic racism and Conservatism

Construct validity

Construct validity concerns how well a set of indicators represent or reflect a concept that is not directly measurable.

See Symbolic racism and Construct validity

Correlation

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

See Symbolic racism and Correlation

Culture

Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.

See Symbolic racism and Culture

David O. Sears

David O’Keefe Sears (born June 24, 1935, in Urbana, Illinois) is an American psychologist who specializes in political psychology.

See Symbolic racism and David O. Sears

Dependent and independent variables

A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable.

See Symbolic racism and Dependent and independent variables

Discriminant validity

In psychology, discriminant validity tests whether concepts or measurements that are not supposed to be related are actually unrelated.

See Symbolic racism and Discriminant validity

Discrimination

Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as race, gender, age, religion, physical attractiveness or sexual orientation.

See Symbolic racism and Discrimination

Discrimination in the United States

Discrimination comprises "base or the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit, especially to show prejudice on the basis of ethnicity, gender, or a similar social factor".

See Symbolic racism and Discrimination in the United States

Equal opportunity

Equal opportunity is a state of fairness in which individuals are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers, prejudices, or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.

See Symbolic racism and Equal opportunity

Equality of outcome

Equality of outcome, equality of condition, or equality of results is a political concept which is central to some political ideologies and is used in some political discourse, often in contrast to the term equality of opportunity.

See Symbolic racism and Equality of outcome

Ethnicity

An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.

See Symbolic racism and Ethnicity

Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

See Symbolic racism and Europe

European Australians

European Australians are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe.

See Symbolic racism and European Australians

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

See Symbolic racism and European Union

In the social sciences, framing comprises a set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups, and societies organize, perceive, and communicate about reality.

See Symbolic racism and Framing (social sciences)

Gangsta rap

Gangsta rap or gangster rap, initially called reality rap, is a subgenre of rap music that conveys the culture and values typical of urban gangs, reality of the world and street hustlers.

See Symbolic racism and Gangsta rap

Generalizability theory

Generalizability theory, or G theory, is a statistical framework for conceptualizing, investigating, and designing reliable observations.

See Symbolic racism and Generalizability theory

Gospel music

Gospel music is a genre of Christian Music that spreads the word of God and a cornerstone of Christian media.

See Symbolic racism and Gospel music

Heterosexism

Heterosexism is a system of attitudes, bias, and discrimination in favor of heterosexuality and heterosexual relationships.

See Symbolic racism and Heterosexism

Hip hop music

Hip hop or hip-hop, also known as rap and formerly as disco rap, is a genre of popular music that originated in the early 1970s from the African American community.

See Symbolic racism and Hip hop music

Hispanic and Latino Americans

Hispanic and Latino Americans (Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos; Estadunidenses hispânicos e latinos) are Americans of full or partial Spanish and/or Latin American background, culture, or family origin.

See Symbolic racism and Hispanic and Latino Americans

Howard Schuman

Howard Schuman (March 16, 1928 – April 18, 2021) was an American sociologist and professor of sociology at the University of Michigan.

See Symbolic racism and Howard Schuman

Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, and/or expressions that characterize a person or a group.

See Symbolic racism and Identity (social science)

Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".

See Symbolic racism and Ideology

In-group and out-group

In social psychology and sociology, an in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member.

See Symbolic racism and In-group and out-group

In-group favoritism

In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group–out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members.

See Symbolic racism and In-group favoritism

Institutional racism

Institutional racism, also known as systemic racism, is defined as policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization that result in and support a continued unfair advantage to some people and unfair or harmful treatment of others based on race or ethnic group. Symbolic racism and Institutional racism are racism.

See Symbolic racism and Institutional racism

Irish people

Irish people (Muintir na hÉireann or Na hÉireannaigh) are an ethnic group and nation native to the island of Ireland, who share a common ancestry, history and culture.

See Symbolic racism and Irish people

Italians

Italians (italiani) are an ethnic group native to the Italian geographical region.

See Symbolic racism and Italians

Jazz

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues, ragtime, European harmony and African rhythmic rituals.

See Symbolic racism and Jazz

Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

See Symbolic racism and Jews

Jim Crow laws

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American.

See Symbolic racism and Jim Crow laws

Justice

Justice, in its broadest sense, is the concept that individuals are to be treated in a manner that is equitable and fair.

See Symbolic racism and Justice

Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire (or, from laissez faire) is a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies or regulations).

See Symbolic racism and Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire racism

Laissez-faire racism (from laissez-faire economics) is closely related to color blindness and covert racism, and is theorised to encompass an ideology that blames minorities for their poorer economic situations, viewing it as the result of cultural inferiority. Symbolic racism and laissez-faire racism are racism.

See Symbolic racism and Laissez-faire racism

Loan

In finance, a loan is the transfer of money by one party to another with an agreement to pay it back.

See Symbolic racism and Loan

Meritocracy

Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος 'strength, power') is the notion of a political system in which economic goods or political power are vested in individual people based on ability and talent, rather than wealth, social class, or race.

See Symbolic racism and Meritocracy

Minority group

The term "minority group" has different usages, depending on the context.

See Symbolic racism and Minority group

Negative relationship

In statistics, there is a negative relationship or inverse relationship between two variables if higher values of one variable tend to be associated with lower values of the other.

See Symbolic racism and Negative relationship

New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

See Symbolic racism and New York City

Old-fashioned racism

Old-fashioned racism (OFR) is a type of racism that asserts that minorities are biologically inferior to white people.

See Symbolic racism and Old-fashioned racism

Out-group homogeneity

The out-group homogeneity effect is the perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members, e.g. "they are alike; we are diverse".

See Symbolic racism and Out-group homogeneity

Pauline Hanson

Pauline Lee Hanson (née Seccombe, formerly Zagorski; born 27 May 1954) is an Australian politician who is the founder and leader of One Nation, a right-wing populist political party.

See Symbolic racism and Pauline Hanson

Pauline Hanson's One Nation

Pauline Hanson's One Nation (PHON or ONP), also known as One Nation or One Nation Party, is a right-wing populist political party in Australia.

See Symbolic racism and Pauline Hanson's One Nation

Political Psychology

Political Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published bimonthly by Wiley on behalf of the International Society of Political Psychology.

See Symbolic racism and Political Psychology

Political science

Political science is the scientific study of politics.

See Symbolic racism and Political science

Politics

Politics is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status.

See Symbolic racism and Politics

Predictive validity

In psychometrics, predictive validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure.

See Symbolic racism and Predictive validity

Prejudice

Prejudice can be an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership.

See Symbolic racism and Prejudice

Prison education

Prison education is any educational activity that occurs inside prison.

See Symbolic racism and Prison education

Public opinion

Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society.

See Symbolic racism and Public opinion

Race (human categorization)

Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.

See Symbolic racism and Race (human categorization)

Racial equality

Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner.

See Symbolic racism and Racial equality

Racial segregation

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Symbolic racism and racial segregation are racism.

See Symbolic racism and Racial segregation

Racism in the United States

Racism has been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices, and actions (including violence) against "racial" or ethnic groups, throughout the history of the United States.

See Symbolic racism and Racism in the United States

Rationalization (psychology)

Rationalization is a defense mechanism (ego defense) in which apparent logical reasons are given to justify behavior that is motivated by unconscious instinctual impulses.

See Symbolic racism and Rationalization (psychology)

Résumé

A résumé, sometimes spelled resume (or alternatively resumé), is a document created and used by a person to present their background, skills, and accomplishments.

See Symbolic racism and Résumé

Reliability (statistics)

In statistics and psychometrics, reliability is the overall consistency of a measure.

See Symbolic racism and Reliability (statistics)

Scientific racism

Scientific racism, sometimes termed biological racism, is the pseudoscientific belief that the human species is divided into biologically distinct taxa called "races", and that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racial discrimination, racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Symbolic racism and Scientific racism are racism.

See Symbolic racism and Scientific racism

Self-interest

Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (interests) of one's self.

See Symbolic racism and Self-interest

Sexism

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender.

See Symbolic racism and Sexism

Social dominance theory (SDT) is a social psychological theory of intergroup relations that examines the caste-like features of group-based social hierarchies, and how these hierarchies remain stable and perpetuate themselves.

See Symbolic racism and Social dominance theory

Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups.

See Symbolic racism and Social norm

Social stigma of obesity is bias or discriminatory behaviors targeted at overweight and obese individuals because of their weight and a high body fat percentage.

See Symbolic racism and Social stigma of obesity

In sociology, socialization (Modern English; or socialisation - see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society.

See Symbolic racism and Socialization

Societal racism

Societal racism is a type of racism based on a set of institutional, historical, cultural and interpersonal practices within a society that places one or more social or ethnic groups in a better position to succeed and disadvantages other groups so that disparities develop between the groups. Symbolic racism and Societal racism are racism.

See Symbolic racism and Societal racism

Southern strategy

In American politics, the Southern strategy was a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans.

See Symbolic racism and Southern strategy

Stereotype

In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people.

See Symbolic racism and Stereotype

Stereotypes of African Americans

Stereotypes of African Americans are misleading beliefs about the culture of people with partial or total ancestry from any black racial groups of Africa whose ancestors resided in the United States since before 1865, largely connected to the racism and the discrimination to which African Americans are subjected.

See Symbolic racism and Stereotypes of African Americans

Three-strikes law

In the United States, habitual offender laws (commonly referred to as three-strikes laws) have been implemented since at least 1952, and are part of the United States Justice Department's Anti-Violence Strategy.

See Symbolic racism and Three-strikes law

Ultimate attribution error

The ultimate attribution error is a type of attribution error which describes how attributions of outgroup behavior are more negative than ingroup behavior.

See Symbolic racism and Ultimate attribution error

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See Symbolic racism and United States

Upper East Side

The Upper East Side, sometimes abbreviated UES, is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west.

See Symbolic racism and Upper East Side

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_racism

Also known as Laissez-Faire Racism, Modern racism, Racial resentment, Symbolic prejudice, White resentment.

, Laissez-faire racism, Loan, Meritocracy, Minority group, Negative relationship, New York City, Old-fashioned racism, Out-group homogeneity, Pauline Hanson, Pauline Hanson's One Nation, Political Psychology, Political science, Politics, Predictive validity, Prejudice, Prison education, Public opinion, Race (human categorization), Racial equality, Racial segregation, Racism in the United States, Rationalization (psychology), Résumé, Reliability (statistics), Scientific racism, Self-interest, Sexism, Social dominance theory, Social norm, Social stigma of obesity, Socialization, Societal racism, Southern strategy, Stereotype, Stereotypes of African Americans, Three-strikes law, Ultimate attribution error, United States, Upper East Side, Validity (statistics), Values (Western philosophy), Variable and attribute (research), White Americans.

Symbolic racism, the Glossary

Table of Contents

References