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Synthetic fuel, the Glossary

Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.^[1]

163 relations: Allies of World War II, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Ammonia, Aviation biofuel, Axis powers, Barrel (unit), Böhlen, Bergius process, Biodiesel, Biofuel, Biomass, Biomass to liquid, Bitumen, Bituminous coal, Blechhammer, Bottrop, British Coal, Brownsville, Texas, Buer, Germany, Bunker, Butane, Butanol, Butanol fuel, Carbon capture and storage, Carbon monoxide, Carbon sequestration, Carbon-neutral fuel, Carbonization, Catalysis, Catlettsburg, Kentucky, Char (chemistry), Chemical reaction, Chemosphere (journal), Coal, Coal liquefaction, Coal tar, Concentration camp, Cracking (chemistry), CRC Press, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (United Kingdom), Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom), Destructive distillation, Diesel fuel, Direct air capture, DuPont, Ebullated bed reactor, Edmund Geilenberg, Electrofuel, Elsevier, Energy Information Administration, ... Expand index (113 more) »
Renewable fuels
Synthetic fuels

Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is an American professional association that, in its own words, "promotes the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations, and other forms of outreach." ASME is thus an engineering society, a standards organization, a research and development organization, an advocacy organization, a provider of training and education, and a nonprofit organization.

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Ammonia

Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.

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Aviation biofuel

An aviation biofuel (also known as bio-jet fuel Note: or bio-aviation fuel (BAF)) is a biofuel used to power aircraft and is a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).

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Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

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Barrel (unit)

A barrel is one of several units of volume applied in various contexts; there are dry barrels, fluid barrels (such as the U.K. beer barrel and U.S. beer barrel), oil barrels, and so forth.

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Böhlen

Böhlen is a town in Saxony, Germany, south of Leipzig.

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Bergius process

The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure.

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Biodiesel

Biodiesel is a renewable biofuel, a form of diesel fuel, derived from biological sources like vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases, and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters.

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Biofuel

Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels such as oil. Synthetic fuel and Biofuel are renewable fuels.

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Biomass

Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms.

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Biomass to liquid

Biomass to liquid (BtL or BMtL) is a multi-step process of producing synthetic hydrocarbon fuels made from biomass via a thermochemical route.

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Bitumen

Bitumen is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum.

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Bituminous coal

Bituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen or asphalt.

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Blechhammer

The Blechhammer (sheet metal hammer) (nowadays Blachownia Śląska, district of the City of Kędzierzyn-Koźle) area was the location of Greater German Reich chemical plants, prisoner of war camps, and forced labor camps (Arbeitslager Blechhammer; also Nummernbücher).

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Bottrop

Bottrop is a city in west-central Germany, on the Rhine–Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia.

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British Coal

The British Coal Corporation was a nationalised corporation responsible for the mining of coal in the United Kingdom from 1987 until it was effectively dissolved in 1997.

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Brownsville, Texas

Brownsville is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Cameron County, located on the western Gulf Coast in South Texas, adjacent to the border with Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

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Buer, Germany

Buer is the largest suburb of Gelsenkirchen in North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Bunker

A bunker is a defensive military fortification designed to protect people and valued materials from falling bombs, artillery, or other attacks.

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Butane

Butane or n-butane is an alkane with the formula C4H10.

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Butanol

Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C4H9OH, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers), from a straight-chain primary alcohol to a branched-chain tertiary alcohol; all are a butyl or isobutyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (sometimes represented as BuOH, sec-BuOH, i-BuOH, and t-BuOH).

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Butanol fuel

Butanol, a C-4 hydrocarbon is a promising bio-derived fuel, which shares many properties with gasoline. Butanol may be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine.

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Carbon capture and storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a process in which a relatively pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources is separated, treated and transported to a long-term storage location.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air.

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Carbon sequestration

Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon in a carbon pool.

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Carbon-neutral fuel

Carbon-neutral fuel is fuel which produces no net-greenhouse gas emissions or carbon footprint. Synthetic fuel and carbon-neutral fuel are synthetic fuels.

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Carbonization

Carbonization or carbonisation is the conversion of organic matters like plants and dead animal remains into carbon through destructive distillation.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.

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Catlettsburg, Kentucky

Catlettsburg is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Boyd County, Kentucky, United States.

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Char (chemistry)

Char is the solid material that remains after light gases (e.g. coal gas) and tar have been driven out or released from a carbonaceous material during the initial stage of combustion, which is known as carbonization, charring, devolatilization or pyrolysis.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Chemosphere (journal)

Chemosphere is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1972 by Elsevier and covering environmental chemistry.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.

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Coal liquefaction

Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals.

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Coal tar

Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal.

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Concentration camp

A concentration camp is a form of internment camp for confining political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or minority ethnic groups, on the grounds of state security, or for exploitation or punishment.

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Cracking (chemistry)

In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon–carbon bonds in the precursors.

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CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.

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Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (United Kingdom)

The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research was a department of the British Government responsible for the organisation, development, and encouragement of scientific and industrial research.

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Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)

The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) was a United Kingdom government department formed on 19 October 1970.

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Destructive distillation

Destructive distillation is a chemical process in which decomposition of unprocessed material is achieved by heating it to a high temperature; the term generally applies to processing of organic material in the absence of air or in the presence of limited amounts of oxygen or other reagents, catalysts, or solvents, such as steam or phenols.

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Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, heavy oil (historically) or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel.

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Direct air capture

Direct air capture (DAC) is the use of chemical or physical processes to extract carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air.

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DuPont

DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly shortened to DuPont, is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 by French-American chemist and industrialist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours.

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Ebullated bed reactor

Ebullated bed reactors are a type of fluidized bed reactor that utilizes ebullition, or bubbling, to achieve appropriate distribution of reactants and catalysts.

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Edmund Geilenberg

Edmund Geilenberg (born 13 January 1906, Witten-Buchholz-Kaempen – died 19 October 1964, Bassum) was a German official of World War II who headed an emergency 1944 decentralization program, the Geilenbergstab or Geilenbergprogramm (Geilenberg Special Staff), to disperse Nazi Germany oil production.

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Electrofuel

Electrofuels, also known as e-fuels, a class of synthetic fuels, are a type of drop-in replacement fuel. Synthetic fuel and Electrofuel are renewable fuels and synthetic fuels.

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Elsevier

Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.

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Energy Information Administration

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.

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Ersatz good

An ersatz good is a substitute good, especially one that is considered inferior to the good it replaces.

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Ethanol

Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.

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Evonik Industries

Evonik Industries AG is a publicly-listed German specialty chemicals company headquartered in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Exxon donor solvent process

Exxon donor solvent process (EDS) is a coal liquefaction process developed by Exxon Research and Engineering Company, starting in 1966.

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Fischer–Tropsch process

The Fischer–Tropsch process (FT) is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons.

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Fluidized bed

A fluidized bed is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a solid particulate substance (usually present in a holding vessel) is under the right conditions so that it behaves like a fluid.

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FMC Corporation

FMC Corporation is an American chemical manufacturing company headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which originated as an insecticide producer in 1883 and later diversified into other industries.

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Food vs. fuel

Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.

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Forced labour under German rule during World War II

The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany (Zwangsarbeit) and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale.

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Franz Joseph Emil Fischer

Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (19 March 1877 in Freiburg im Breisgau – 1 December 1947 in Munich) was a German chemist.

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Friedrich Bergius

Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (11 October 1884 – 30 March 1949) was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1931, together with Carl Bosch) in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods.

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Fuel gas

Fuel gas is one of a number of fuels that under ordinary conditions are gaseous.

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Gas to liquids

Gas to liquids (GTL) is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or diesel fuel.

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Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide.

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Gelsenkirchen

Gelsenkirchen (Gelsenkiärken) is the 25th-most populous city of Germany and the 11th-most populous in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with 262,528 (2016) inhabitants.

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Golden, Colorado

Golden is a home rule city that is the county seat of Jefferson County, Colorado, United States.

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Greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as the Earth.

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Greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect.

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Greenwich

Greenwich is a town in south-east London, England, within the ceremonial county of Greater London.

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Gulf Oil

Gulf Oil was a major global oil company in operation from 1901 to 1985.

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Hans Goldschmidt

Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Goldschmidt (18 January 1861 – 21 May 1923) was a German chemist notable as the discoverer of the Thermite reaction.

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Hans Tropsch

Hans Tropsch (October 7, 1889 – October 8, 1935) was a chemist responsible, along with Franz Fischer, for the development of the Fischer–Tropsch process.

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Heydebreck-Cosel

Heydebreck was a Nazi Germany village area with POW camps Arbeitskommando E711A and Bau und Arbeits (BAB, Building and Labor) camp 20 a), b) (renamed E794 in November 1944). Five km west.

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Honeywell UOP

Honeywell UOP, formerly known as UOP LLC or Universal Oil Products, is an American multi-national company developing and delivering technology to the petroleum refining, gas processing, petrochemical production, and major manufacturing industries.

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HRI

HRI may refer to.

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Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydrogen economy

The hydrogen economy is an umbrella term for the roles hydrogen can play alongside low-carbon electricity to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Synthetic fuel and hydrogen economy are renewable fuels.

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Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.

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Indianapolis

Indianapolis, colloquially known as Indy, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County.

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International Journal of Energy Research

International Journal of Energy Research is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons.

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Jet fuel

Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF, also abbreviated avtur) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines.

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JFE Holdings

is a corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

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Karrick process

The Karrick process is a low-temperature carbonization (LTC) and pyrolysis process of carbonaceous materials.

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a federally funded research and development center in Livermore, California, United States.

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Lawrenceville, New Jersey

Lawrenceville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) within Lawrence Township in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

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Lead poisoning

Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body.

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Leuna

Leuna is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany, south of Merseburg and Halle, on the river Saale.

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Lewis Karrick

Lewis Cass Karrick (1890–1962) was an American petroleum refinery engineer, oil shale and coal technologist, and inventor.

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Lignite

Lignite (derived from Latin lignum meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat.

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Liquid fuel

Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the shape of their container.

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Louisiana, Missouri

Louisiana is a city in Pike County, Missouri, United States.

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Ludwigshafen

Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (meaning "Ludwig's Port upon Rhine"), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim.

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Lurgi–Ruhrgas process

The Lurgi–Ruhrgas process is an above-ground coal liquefaction and shale oil extraction technology.

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Magdeburg

Magdeburg is the capital of the German state Saxony-Anhalt.

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Maxwell Air Force Base

Maxwell Air Force Base, officially known as Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, is a United States Air Force (USAF) installation under the Air Education and Training Command (AETC).

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McGraw Hill Education

McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.

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Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).

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Methanol

Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH).

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Methanol economy

The methanol economy is a suggested future economy in which methanol and dimethyl ether replace fossil fuels as a means of energy storage, ground transportation fuel, and raw material for synthetic hydrocarbons and their products.

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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

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Mittelwerk

Mittelwerk (German for "Central Works") was a German World War II factory built underground in the Kohnstein to avoid Allied bombing.

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Molybdenum

Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has symbol Mo (from Neo-Latin molybdaenum) and atomic number 42.

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Mountaintop removal mining

Mountaintop removal mining (MTR), also known as mountaintop mining (MTM), is a form of surface mining at the summit or summit ridge of a mountain.

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Municipal solid waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public.

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Naphtha

Naphtha is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.

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National Energy Technology Laboratory

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is a U.S. national laboratory under the Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy.

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Natural gas

Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nitric acid

Nitric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Oil sands

Oil sands, tar sands, crude bitumen, or bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.

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Oil shale

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced.

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Oryx GTL

ORYX GTL (Arabic: أوريكس جي تي إل) is a synthetic fuel plant based in Ras Laffan Industrial City, Qatar, owned by QatarEnergy (51%) and Sasol (49%).

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Paddy Lowe

Patrick Allen Lowe FREng (born 8 April 1962), known as Paddy Lowe, is the founder and CEO of the fossil-free synthetic fuel company Zero.

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Pascal (unit)

The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI).

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PetroSA

PetroSA (The Petroleum, Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (SOC) Ltd.) is the national oil and gas company (NOC) of South Africa.

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Ploiești

Ploiești, formerly spelled Ploești, is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.

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Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the process of thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures, often in an inert atmosphere.

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Pyrolysis oil

Pyrolysis oil, sometimes also known as biocrude or bio-oil, is a synthetic fuel with few industrial application and under investigation as substitute for petroleum. Synthetic fuel and Pyrolysis oil are synthetic fuels.

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RAG AG

RAG AG, formerly Ruhrkohle AG, is the largest German coal mining corporation.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Richard and Clara Winston

Richard Winston (1917 – December 22, 1979) and Clara Brussel Winston (1921 – November 7, 1983), were prominent American translators of German works into English.

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Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Ruhr

The Ruhr (Ruhrgebiet, also Ruhrpott), also referred to as the Ruhr area, sometimes Ruhr district, Ruhr region, or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Sasol

Sasol Limited is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa.

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Secunda CTL

Secunda CTL is a synthetic fuel plant owned by Sasol at Secunda, Mpumalanga in South Africa.

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Secunda, South Africa

Secunda (from Latin: second, secund, secundi meaning second/following) is a town built amidst the coalfields of the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.

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Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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Steam reforming

Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water.

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Sulfur

Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16.

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was a steel manufacturer based in Osaka, Japan until it merged with Nippon Steel in 2012 to form Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, the third largest steel manufacturer in the world as of 2015.

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Sustainable energy

Energy is sustainable if it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Definitions of sustainable energy usually look at its effects on the environment, the economy and society.

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Syngas

Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in various ratios. Synthetic fuel and Syngas are synthetic fuels.

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Synthetic crude

Synthetic crude is the output from a bitumen/extra heavy oil upgrader facility used in connection with oil sand production. Synthetic fuel and Synthetic crude are synthetic fuels.

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Synthetic Fuels Corporation

The Synthetic Fuels Corporation (SFC or Synfuels Corporation) was a U.S. federal government-funded corporation established in 1980 by the Energy Security Act (ESA) to create a financial bridge for the development and construction of commercial synthetic fuel manufacturing plants, such as coal gasification, that would produce alternatives to imported fossil fuels.

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Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program

The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program was a program run by the United States Bureau of Mines to create the technology to produce synthetic fuel from coal and oil shale. Synthetic fuel and synthetic Liquid Fuels Program are synthetic fuels.

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Synthetic oil

Synthetic oil is a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds that are artificially modified or synthesised.

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Synthetic rubber

A synthetic rubber is an artificial elastomer.

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Szczecin

Szczecin (Stettin; Stettin; Sedinum or Stetinum) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland.

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Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and most populous city of Estonia.

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Tallinn University of Technology

Established in 1918, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech; Tallinna Tehnikaülikool) is the only technical university in Estonia.

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Tetraethyllead

Tetraethyllead (commonly styled tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula Pb(C2H5)4.

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Thermal depolymerization

Thermal depolymerization (TDP) is the process of converting a polymer into a monomer or a mixture of monomers, by predominantly thermal means.

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Thermal dissolution

Thermal dissolution is a method of liquefaction of solid fossil fuels.

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Thuringian Forest

The Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald in German) is a mountain range in the southern parts of the German state of Thuringia, running northwest to southeast.

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TOSCO II process

The TOSCO II process is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction, which uses fine particles of oil shale that are heated in a rotating kiln.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Bureau of Mines

For most of the 20th century, the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was the primary United States government agency conducting scientific research and disseminating information on the extraction, processing, use, and conservation of mineral resources.

See Synthetic fuel and United States Bureau of Mines

United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy-related research, and energy conservation.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fuel

Also known as Power to liquid, Synfuel, Synfuels, Synthetic fuels, Synthetic gasoline, Synthetic petrol, Synthfuel.

, Ersatz good, Ethanol, Evonik Industries, Exxon donor solvent process, Fischer–Tropsch process, Fluidized bed, FMC Corporation, Food vs. fuel, Forced labour under German rule during World War II, Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, Friedrich Bergius, Fuel gas, Gas to liquids, Gasification, Gelsenkirchen, Golden, Colorado, Greenhouse gas, Greenhouse gas emissions, Greenwich, Gulf Oil, Hans Goldschmidt, Hans Tropsch, Heydebreck-Cosel, Honeywell UOP, HRI, Hydrocarbon, Hydrogen, Hydrogen economy, Hydrogenation, Indianapolis, International Journal of Energy Research, Jet fuel, JFE Holdings, Karrick process, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, Lead poisoning, Leuna, Lewis Karrick, Lignite, Liquid fuel, Louisiana, Missouri, Ludwigshafen, Lurgi–Ruhrgas process, Magdeburg, Maxwell Air Force Base, McGraw Hill Education, Methane, Methanol, Methanol economy, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Mittelwerk, Molybdenum, Mountaintop removal mining, Municipal solid waste, Naphtha, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Natural gas, Nazi Germany, Nitric acid, Nitrogen, Oil sands, Oil shale, Oryx GTL, Paddy Lowe, Pascal (unit), PetroSA, Ploiești, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Pyrolysis, Pyrolysis oil, RAG AG, Red Army, Richard and Clara Winston, Royal Society, Ruhr, Sasol, Secunda CTL, Secunda, South Africa, Shale oil extraction, South Africa, Steam reforming, Sulfur, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Sustainable energy, Syngas, Synthetic crude, Synthetic Fuels Corporation, Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program, Synthetic oil, Synthetic rubber, Szczecin, Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology, Tetraethyllead, Thermal depolymerization, Thermal dissolution, Thuringian Forest, TOSCO II process, United States, United States Bureau of Mines, United States Department of Energy, United States Environmental Protection Agency, University of Chicago Press, Upgrader, VEBA, Washington, D.C., Water gas, Wesseling, World War I, World War II, Zeitz, Zero (corporation).

Synthetic fuel, the Glossary

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