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Takkanot Shum, the Glossary

The Takkanot Shum (תקנות שו"ם), or Enactments of SHU"M, were a set of decrees formulated and agreed upon over a period of decades by the leaders of three of the central cities of Medieval Rhineland Jewry: Speyer, Worms, and Mainz.^[1]

48 relations: Ashkenazi Jews, Bekhorot, Beth din, Dowry, Eleazar of Worms, Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi, Eliezer ben Nathan, Even Ha'ezer, France, Gentile, Gershom ben Judah, Google Books, Halakha, Halizah, Hebrew language, Herem (censure), History of the Jews in Germany, History of the Jews in Speyer, Inheritance, Jewish Virtual Library, Ketubah, Lanham, Maryland, Mainz, Mamzer, Münzenberg, Meir of Rothenburg, Mishpacha, Mitzvah, Moses Isserles, Nashim, People's Crusade, Polygamy, Posek, Rabbeinu Tam, Rabbi, Rashbam, Rashi, Rhineland, Rhineland massacres, Rowman & Littlefield, Simha of Speyer, Speyer, Synod, Talmud, Tosafot, Troyes, Worms, Germany, Yibbum.
1190s in the Holy Roman Empire
1220s in the Holy Roman Empire
History of Rhineland-Palatinate
History of religion in Germany
Jews and Judaism in Mainz
Jews and Judaism in Speyer
Judaism in France
Judaism in Germany
Medieval Jewish history
Rabbinical organizations

Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.

See Takkanot Shum and Ashkenazi Jews

Bekhorot

Pidyon haben Bekorot (Hebrew: בכורות, "First-borns") is the name of a tractate of the Mishnah and Talmud which discusses the laws of first-born animals and humans.

See Takkanot Shum and Bekhorot

Beth din

A beth din (house of judgment,, Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism.

See Takkanot Shum and Beth din

Dowry

A dowry is a payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride’s family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.

See Takkanot Shum and Dowry

Eleazar of Worms

Eleazar of Worms (אלעזר מוורמייזא - also מגרמייזא of Garmiza or Garmisa) (c. 1176–1238), or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, also sometimes known today as Eleazar Rokeach ("Eleazar the Perfumer" אלעזר רקח) from the title of his Book of the Perfumer (Sefer ha rokeah ספר הרקח)—where the numerical value of "Perfumer" (in Hebrew) is equal to Eleazar, was a leading Talmudist and Kabbalist, and the last major member of the Hasidei Ashkenaz, a group of German Jewish pietists.

See Takkanot Shum and Eleazar of Worms

Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi

Eliezer ben Yoel HaLevi of Bonn (Hebrew acronym Ra'avyah; 1140–1225To be more precise, it is only known that he died after 1220.) was a Rabbinic scholar in Germany.

See Takkanot Shum and Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi

Eliezer ben Nathan

Eliezer ben Nathan of Mainz (1090–1170), or Ra'avan, was a halakist and liturgical poet.

See Takkanot Shum and Eliezer ben Nathan

Even Ha'ezer

(“The Stone of Help” or “The Rock of the ”) is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim.

See Takkanot Shum and Even Ha'ezer

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See Takkanot Shum and France

Gentile

Gentile is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish.

See Takkanot Shum and Gentile

Gershom ben Judah

Gershom ben Judah, (c. 960–1040) best known as Rabbeinu Gershom (רבנו גרשום, "Our teacher Gershom") and also commonly known to scholars of Rabbinic Judaism by the title Rabbeinu Gershom Me'Or Hagolah ("Our teacher Gershom the light of the exile"), was a famous Talmudist and Halakhist.

See Takkanot Shum and Gershom ben Judah

Google Books

Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.

See Takkanot Shum and Google Books

Halakha

Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah. Takkanot Shum and halakha are Jewish law and rituals.

See Takkanot Shum and Halakha

Halizah

Halitsah or chalitzah (ḥəliṣā) in Rabbinical Judaism the process by which a childless widow and a brother of her deceased husband may avoid the duty to marry under the biblical system of yibbum (levirate marriage) The process involves the widow making a declaration, taking off a shoe of the brother (i.e., her brother-in-law), and spitting on the floor.

See Takkanot Shum and Halizah

Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

See Takkanot Shum and Hebrew language

Herem (censure)

Herem (ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community.

See Takkanot Shum and Herem (censure)

History of the Jews in Germany

The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321 CE, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (circa 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community. Takkanot Shum and history of the Jews in Germany are Jewish German history.

See Takkanot Shum and History of the Jews in Germany

History of the Jews in Speyer

The history of the Jews in Speyer reaches back over 1,000 years. Takkanot Shum and history of the Jews in Speyer are Jews and Judaism in Speyer.

See Takkanot Shum and History of the Jews in Speyer

Inheritance

Inheritance is the practice of receiving private property, titles, debts, entitlements, privileges, rights, and obligations upon the death of an individual.

See Takkanot Shum and Inheritance

Jewish Virtual Library

The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL, formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).

See Takkanot Shum and Jewish Virtual Library

Ketubah

A ketubah (כְּתוּבָּה) is a Jewish marriage contract.

See Takkanot Shum and Ketubah

Lanham, Maryland

Lanham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland.

See Takkanot Shum and Lanham, Maryland

Mainz

Mainz (see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 35th-largest city.

See Takkanot Shum and Mainz

Mamzer

In the Hebrew Bible and Jewish religious law, a mamzer (ממזר,, "estranged person"; plural mamzerim) is a person who is born as the result of certain forbidden relationships or incest (as it is defined by the Bible), or the descendant of such a person.

See Takkanot Shum and Mamzer

Münzenberg

Münzenberg is a town in the Wetteraukreis district in Hesse, Germany.

See Takkanot Shum and Münzenberg

Meir of Rothenburg

Meir of Rothenburg (1215 – 2 May 1293) was a German Rabbi and poet, as well as a major contributing author of the tosafot on Rashi's commentary on the Talmud.

See Takkanot Shum and Meir of Rothenburg

Mishpacha

Mishpacha (משפחה,: Family) - Jewish Family Weekly is a Haredi weekly magazine package produced by The Mishpacha Group in both English and Hebrew.

See Takkanot Shum and Mishpacha

Mitzvah

In its primary meaning, the Hebrew word (מִצְוָה, mīṣvā, plural מִצְווֹת mīṣvōt; "commandment") refers to a commandment from God to be performed as a religious duty. Takkanot Shum and Mitzvah are Jewish law and rituals.

See Takkanot Shum and Mitzvah

Moses Isserles

Moses Isserles (משה בן ישראל איסרלישׂ; Mojżesz ben Israel Isserles; 22 February 1530 / 25 Adar I 5290 – 11 May 1572 / 18 Iyar 5332), also known by the acronym Rema, was an eminent Polish Ashkenazi rabbi, talmudist, and posek (expert in Jewish law).

See Takkanot Shum and Moses Isserles

Nashim

__notoc__ Nashim (נשים "Women" or "Wives") is the third order of the Mishnah (also of the Tosefta and Talmud) containing family law.

See Takkanot Shum and Nashim

People's Crusade

The People's Crusade was the beginning phase of the First Crusade whose objective was to retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in particular, from Islamic rule.

See Takkanot Shum and People's Crusade

Polygamy

Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία, "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.

See Takkanot Shum and Polygamy

Posek

In Jewish law, a posek (פוסק, pl. poskim) is a legal scholar who determines the application of halakha, the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah, in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities are inconclusive, or in those situations where no clear halakhic precedent exists.

See Takkanot Shum and Posek

Rabbeinu Tam

Jacob ben Meir (1100 – 9 June 1171 (4 Tammuz)), best known as Rabbeinu Tam (רבינו תם), was one of the most renowned Ashkenazi Jewish rabbis and leading French Tosafists, a leading halakhic authority in his generation, and a grandson of Rashi.

See Takkanot Shum and Rabbeinu Tam

Rabbi

A rabbi (רַבִּי|translit.

See Takkanot Shum and Rabbi

Rashbam

Samuel ben Meir (Troyes, c. 1085 – c. 1158), after his death known as the "Rashbam", a Hebrew acronym for RAbbi SHmuel Ben Meir, was a leading French Tosafist and grandson of Shlomo Yitzhaki, "Rashi".

See Takkanot Shum and Rashbam

Rashi

Shlomo Yitzchaki (רבי שלמה יצחקי; Salomon Isaacides; Salomon de Troyes; 13 July 1105), commonly known by the acronym Rashi, was a French rabbi who authored comprehensive commentaries on the Talmud and Hebrew Bible.

See Takkanot Shum and Rashi

Rhineland

The Rhineland (Rheinland; Rhénanie; Rijnland; Rhingland; Latinised name: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.

See Takkanot Shum and Rhineland

Rhineland massacres

The Rhineland massacres, also known as the German Crusade of 1096 or Gzerot Tatnó (גזרות תתנ"ו, "Edicts of 4856"), were a series of mass murders of Jews perpetrated by mobs of French and German Christians of the People's Crusade in the year 1096, or 4856 according to the Hebrew calendar. Takkanot Shum and Rhineland massacres are Jewish French history and Jewish German history.

See Takkanot Shum and Rhineland massacres

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takkanot_Shum

Also known as Synod of Mainz (Jewish), Takkanos Shum.

Takkanot Shum, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

1190s in the Holy Roman Empire

1220s in the Holy Roman Empire

History of Rhineland-Palatinate

History of religion in Germany

Jews and Judaism in Mainz

Jews and Judaism in Speyer

Judaism in France

Judaism in Germany

Medieval Jewish history

Rabbinical organizations

References