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Tel Hazor, the Glossary

Tel Hazor (תל חצור), also Chatsôr (חָצוֹר), translated in LXX as Hasōr (Άσώρ), named in Arabic Tell Waqqas / Tell Qedah el-Gul (Tell el-Qedah), is an archaeological tell at the site of ancient Hazor, located in Israel, Upper Galilee, north of the Sea of Galilee, in the northern Korazim Plateau.^[1]

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104 relations: Abel-beth-maachah, Achaemenid Empire, Acropolis, Ahab, Ahmose I, Akkadian language, Allah as a lunar deity, Amarna letters, Amut-piʾel II, Annals of Thutmose III, Arabic, Aram-Damascus, Archaeology of Israel, Assyria, Avraham Faust, Ayelet HaShahar, Babylon, Barak, Basalt, Book of Joshua, Book of Judges, Books of Kings, Bronze Age, Canaan, Code of Hammurabi, Complutense University of Madrid, Cuneiform, Cylinder seal, Dan (ancient city), Deborah, Destruction layer, Eastern Mediterranean, Etymology, Execration texts, Fertile Crescent, Gate, Gezer, Haaretz, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hellenistic period, Hula Valley, Iron Age, Ishi-Addu, Israel, Israel Exploration Society, Israel Finkelstein, Israelites, Jabin, James de Rothschild (politician), Jehoash of Israel, ... Expand index (54 more) »
Book of Joshua
Book of Judges
Bronze Age palaces in Israel
Bronze Age sites in Israel
Buildings and structures in Northern District (Israel)
Former populated places in Israel
Omrides
Populated places disestablished in the 8th century BC
Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC
Upper Galilee
World Heritage Sites in Israel

Abel-beth-maachah

Tel Abel Beth Maacah (תֵּל אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה; lit) is a large archaeological tell with a small upper northern section and a large lower southern one, connected by a saddle. Tel Hazor and Abel-beth-maachah are Bronze Age sites in Israel, land of Israel and tells (archaeology).

See Tel Hazor and Abel-beth-maachah

Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.

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Acropolis

An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense.

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Ahab

Ahab (𒀀𒄩𒀊𒁍 Aḫâbbu; Ἀχαάβ Achaáb; Achab) was the son and successor of King Omri and the husband of Jezebel of Sidon, according to the Hebrew Bible. Tel Hazor and Ahab are Omrides.

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Ahmose I

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Akkadian language

Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.

See Tel Hazor and Akkadian language

Allah as a lunar deity

The postulation that Allah (God in Islam) originated as a moon god first arose in 1901 in the scholarship of archaeologist Hugo Winckler.

See Tel Hazor and Allah as a lunar deity

Amarna letters

The Amarna letters (sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru, or neighboring kingdom leaders, during the New Kingdom, spanning a period of no more than thirty years in the middle 14th century BC.

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Amut-piʾel II

Amut-piʾel II was a king of Qatna in the 18th century BC, during the Middle Bronze IIA.

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Annals of Thutmose III

The Annals of Thutmose III are composed of numerous inscriptions of ancient Egyptian military records gathered from the 18th Dynasty campaigns of Thutmose III's armies in Syro-Palestine, from regnal years 22 (1458 BCE) to 42 (1438 BCE).

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Arabic

Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.

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Aram-Damascus

The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus (ܐܪܡ-ܕܪܡܣܘܩ) was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant.

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Archaeology of Israel

The archaeology of Israel is the study of the archaeology of the present-day Israel, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history.

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Assyria

Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.

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Avraham Faust

Avraham Faust is an Israeli archaeologist and professor at Bar-Ilan University.

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Ayelet HaShahar

Ayelet HaShahar (אַיֶּלֶת הַשַּׁחַר) is a kibbutz in northern Israel acquired in 1892 and settled in the second Aliyah, located on the Korazim Plateau, by the Rosh Pina – Metulla road, it is approximately south of Kiryat Shmona and falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council.

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Babylon

Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad. Tel Hazor and Babylon are Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC.

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Barak

Barak (or; בָּרָק; Tiberian Hebrew: Bārāq; البُراق al-Burāq "lightning") was a ruler of Ancient Israel.

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Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

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Book of Joshua

The Book of Joshua (סֵפֶר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Tiberian: Sēp̄er Yŏhōšūaʿ; Ιησούς τουΝαυή; Liber Iosue) is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.

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Book of Judges

The Book of Judges (Sefer Shoftim; Κριτές; Liber Iudicum) is the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.

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Books of Kings

The Book of Kings (Sēfer Məlāḵīm) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Kings) in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.

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Canaan

Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. Tel Hazor and Canaan are Amarna letters locations and land of Israel.

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Code of Hammurabi

The Code of Hammurabi is a Babylonian legal text composed during 1755–1750 BC.

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Complutense University of Madrid

The Complutense University of Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid; UCM, Universidad de Madrid, Universidad Central de Madrid; Universitas Complutensis Matritensis) is a public research university located in Madrid.

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Cuneiform

Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.

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Cylinder seal

A cylinder seal is a small round cylinder, typically about one inch (2 to 3 cm) in length, engraved with written characters or figurative scenes or both, used in ancient times to roll an impression onto a two-dimensional surface, generally wet clay.

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Dan (ancient city)

Dan (דן) is an ancient city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, described as the northernmost city of the Kingdom of Israel, and belonging to the tribe of Dan, its namesake. Tel Hazor and Dan (ancient city) are Bronze Age sites in Israel, Buildings and structures in Northern District (Israel), Canaanite cities, land of Israel, Populated places disestablished in the 8th century BC and tells (archaeology).

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Deborah

According to the Book of Judges, Deborah (דְּבוֹרָה, Dəḇōrā) was a prophetess of Judaism, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel and the only female judge mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

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Destruction layer

A destruction layer is a stratum found in the excavation of an archaeological site showing evidence of the hiding and burial of valuables, the presence of widespread fire, mass murder, unburied corpses, loose weapons in public places, or other evidence of destruction, either by natural causes (for example earthquakes), or as a result of a human action.

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Eastern Mediterranean

Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea, often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea.

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Etymology

Etymology (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the scientific study of words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".) is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of a word's semantic meaning across time, including its constituent morphemes and phonemes.

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Execration texts

Execration texts, also referred to as proscription lists, are ancient Egyptian hieratic texts, listing enemies of the pharaoh, most often enemies of the Egyptian state or troublesome foreign neighbors.

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Fertile Crescent

The Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran.

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Gate

A gate or gateway is a point of entry to or from a space enclosed by walls.

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Gezer

Gezer, or Tel Gezer (גֶּזֶר), in تل الجزر – Tell Jezar or Tell el-Jezari is an archaeological site in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains at the border of the Shfela region roughly midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Tel Hazor and Gezer are Amarna letters locations, Canaanite cities, former populated places in Israel, land of Israel, National parks of Israel and tells (archaeology).

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Haaretz

Haaretz (originally Ḥadshot Haaretz –) is an Israeli newspaper.

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Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel.

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Hellenistic period

In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

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Hula Valley

The Hula Valley (ʿEmeq haḤūlā; Buḥayrat al-Ḥūla) is an agricultural region in northern Israel with abundant fresh water that used to be Lake Hula before it was drained. Tel Hazor and Hula Valley are upper Galilee.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.

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Ishi-Addu

Išḫi-Addu or Ishi-Addu was king of Qatna in the first half of the 18th century BC.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Israel Exploration Society

The Israel Exploration Society (IES) (Hebrew:החברה לחקירת ארץ ישראל ועתיקותיה - Hakhevra Lekhakirat Eretz Yisrael Va'atikoteha), originally the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, is a society devoted to historical, geographical and archaeological research of the Land of Israel.

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Israel Finkelstein

Israel Finkelstein (ישראל פינקלשטיין; born March 29, 1949) is an Israeli archaeologist, professor emeritus at Tel Aviv University and the head of the School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures at the University of Haifa.

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Israelites

The Israelites were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan. Tel Hazor and Israelites are land of Israel.

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Jabin

Jabin (יָבִין Yāḇīn) is a Biblical name meaning 'discerner', or 'the wise'. Tel Hazor and Jabin are book of Joshua.

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James de Rothschild (politician)

James Armand Edmond de Rothschild DCM DL (1 December 1878 – 7 May 1957), sometimes known as Jimmy de Rothschild, was a British Liberal politician and philanthropist, from the wealthy Rothschild international banking dynasty.

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Jehoash of Israel

Jehoash (יְהוֹאָשׁ Yəhō’āš or Yō’āš; Israelian Hebrew: *’Āšīyāw; Akkadian: 𒅀𒀪𒋢 Yaʾsu; Joas; fl. 790 BC), whose name means "Yahweh has given,""Joash, Jehoash;" New Bible Dictionary.

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Jehu

Jehu (translit, meaning "Yahu is He"; 𒅀𒌑𒀀 Ya'úa; Iehu) was the tenth king of the northern Kingdom of Israel since Jeroboam I, noted for exterminating the house of Ahab.

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Jeroboam II

Jeroboam II (יָרָבְעָם, Yāroḇʿām; Ἱεροβοάμ; Hieroboam/Jeroboam) was the son and successor of Jehoash (alternatively spelled Joash) and the thirteenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, over which he ruled for forty-one years in the eighth century BC.

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John Garstang

John Garstang (5 May 1876 – 12 September 1956) was a British archaeologist of the Ancient Near East, especially Egypt, Sudan, Anatolia and the southern Levant.

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John Murray (publishing house)

John Murray is a Scottish publisher, known for the authors it has published in its long history including Jane Austen, Arthur Conan Doyle, Lord Byron, Charles Lyell, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herman Melville, Edward Whymper, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, and Charles Darwin.

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Joshua

Joshua, also known as Yehoshua (Yəhōšuaʿ, Tiberian: Yŏhōšuaʿ, lit. 'Yahweh is salvation'), Jeshoshua, or Josue, functioned as Moses' assistant in the books of Exodus and Numbers, and later succeeded Moses as leader of the Israelite tribes in the Book of Joshua of the Hebrew Bible.

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Kedesh

Kedesh (alternate spellings: Qedesh, Cadesh, Cydessa) was an ancient Canaanite and later Israelite settlement in Upper Galilee, mentioned few times in the Hebrew Bible. Tel Hazor and Kedesh are Buildings and structures in Northern District (Israel), Canaanite cities and tells (archaeology).

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Khirbet Kerak

Khirbet Kerak (خربة الكرك, "the ruin of the fortress") or Beth Yerah (בית ירח, "House of the Moon (god)") (also Khirbat al-Karak) is a tell (archaeological mound) located on the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee in modern-day Israel. Tel Hazor and Khirbet Kerak are tells (archaeology).

See Tel Hazor and Khirbet Kerak

Kibbutz

A kibbutz (קִבּוּץ / קיבוץ,;: kibbutzim קִבּוּצִים / קיבוצים) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture.

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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

The Kingdom of Israel, or the Kingdom of Samaria, was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, whose beginnings can be dated back to the first half of the 10th century BCE.

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Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)

According to the Deuteronomistic history in the Hebrew Bible, a United Monarchy or United Kingdom of Israel existed under the reigns of Saul, Eshbaal, David, and Solomon, encompassing the territories of both the later kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

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Korazim Plateau

The Korazim Plateau (רמת כורזים, Ramat Korazim, also spelled Corazim), is a volcanic plateau, located in northern Israel. Tel Hazor and Korazim Plateau are upper Galilee.

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Late Bronze Age collapse

The Late Bronze Age collapse was a time of widespread societal collapse during the 12th century BC associated with environmental change, mass migration, and the destruction of cities.

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Laws of Eshnunna

The Laws of Eshnunna (abrv. LE) are inscribed on two cuneiform tablets discovered in Tell Abū Harmal, Baghdad, Iraq.

See Tel Hazor and Laws of Eshnunna

List of cities of the ancient Near East

The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

See Tel Hazor and List of cities of the ancient Near East

Lists of World Heritage Sites

This is a list of the lists of World Heritage Sites.

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Mari, Syria

Mari (Cuneiform:, ma-riki, modern Tell Hariri; تل حريري) was an ancient Semitic city-state in modern-day Syria. Tel Hazor and Mari, Syria are Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC and tells (archaeology).

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National parks and nature reserves of Israel

National parks of Israel are declared historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated and maintained by the National Nature and Parks Authority. Tel Hazor and National parks and nature reserves of Israel are National parks of Israel.

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Near Eastern Archaeology (journal)

Near Eastern Archaeology is an American journal covering art, archaeology, history, anthropology, literature, philology, and epigraphy of the Near Eastern and Mediterranean worlds from the Palaeolithic through Ottoman periods.

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Neo-Assyrian Empire

The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.

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New Kingdom of Egypt

The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian state between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC.

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Old Babylonian Empire

The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the subsequent Isin-Larsa period.

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Omrides

The Omride dynasty, Omrides or House of Omri (בֵּית עָמְרִי‎|translit.

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Orthostates

In the context of classical Greek architecture, orthostates are squared stone blocks much greater in height than depth that are usually built into the lower portion of a wall.

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Papyrus Anastasi I

Papyrus Anastasi I (officially designated papyrus British Museum 10247) is an ancient Egyptian papyrus containing a satirical text used for the training of scribes during the Ramesside Period (i.e. Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties).

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Peake's Commentary on the Bible is a one-volume commentary on the Bible, first published in 1919.

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Petrography

Petrography is a branch of petrology that focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks.

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Poetry

Poetry (from the Greek word poiesis, "making") is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, literal or surface-level meanings.

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Qatna

Qatna (modern: تل المشرفة, Tell al-Mishrifeh; also Tell Misrife or Tell Mishrifeh) was an ancient city located in Homs Governorate, Syria. Tel Hazor and Qatna are Amarna letters locations and tells (archaeology).

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Robert Bonfil

Robert (Roberto, Reuven) Bonfil an important scholar of pre-modern Jewish history and modern Jewish historiography.

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Sea of Galilee

The Sea of Galilee (יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel.

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Sea Peoples

The Sea Peoples were a group of tribes hypothesized to have attacked Egypt and other Eastern Mediterranean regions around 1200 BC during the Late Bronze Age.

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Septuagint

The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.

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Sisera

Sisera (סִיסְרָא Sīsərāʾ) was commander of the Canaanite army of King Jabin of Hazor, who is mentioned in of the Hebrew Bible.

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Solomon

Solomon, also called Jedidiah, was a monarch of ancient Israel and the son and successor of King David, according to the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.

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Southern Levant

The Southern Levant is a geographical region encompassing the southern half of the Levant.

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Stratum

In geology and related fields, a stratum (strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes.

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Tel Be'er Sheva

Tel Sheva (translit) or Tel Be'er Sheva, also known as Tell es-Seba (تل السبع), is an archaeological site in the Southern District of Israel, believed to be the site of the ancient biblical town of Beer-sheba. Tel Hazor and Tel Be'er Sheva are Bronze Age sites in Israel, Canaanite cities, National parks of Israel, tells (archaeology) and world Heritage Sites in Israel.

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Tel Megiddo

Tel Megiddo (from תל מגידו), called in Arabic Tell el-Mütesellim "tell of the Governor", is the site of the ancient city of Megiddo (Μεγιδδώ), the remains of which form a tell or archaeological mound, situated in northern Israel at the western edge of the Jezreel Valley about southeast of Haifa near the depopulated Palestinian town of Lajjun and subsequently Kibbutz Megiddo. Tel Hazor and tel Megiddo are Amarna letters locations, Bronze Age palaces in Israel, Bronze Age sites in Israel, Canaanite cities, former populated places in Israel, National parks of Israel, tells (archaeology) and world Heritage Sites in Israel.

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Tell (archaeology)

In archaeology a tell (borrowed into English from تَلّ,, "mound" or "small hill") is an artificial topographical feature, a mound consisting of the accumulated and stratified debris of a succession of consecutive settlements at the same site, the refuse of generations of people who built and inhabited them and natural sediment. Tel Hazor and tell (archaeology) are tells (archaeology).

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Textual criticism

Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books.

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The Bible Unearthed

The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts, a book by Israel Finkelstein, Professor of Archaeology at Tel Aviv University, and Neil Asher Silberman, an archaeologist, historian and contributing editor to Archaeology Magazine published in January 2001 by Simon & Schuster using its Free Press imprint and reprinted in June 2002 using its Touchstone imprint, discusses the archaeology of Israel and its relationship to the origins and content of the Hebrew Bible.

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Thutmose I

Thutmose I (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis I, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; meaning "Thoth is born") was the third pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.

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Thutmose III

Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.

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Tiglath-Pileser III

Tiglath-Pileser III (𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏|translit.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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Upper Galilee

The Upper Galilee (הגליל העליון, HaGalil Ha'Elyon; الجليل الأعلى, Al Jaleel Al A'alaa) is a geographical region located in northern Israel.

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Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.

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Water table

The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation.

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William G. Dever

William Gwinn Dever (born November 27, 1933, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American archaeologist, scholar, historian, semiticist, and theologian.

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World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee is a committee of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization that selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.

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World Heritage Site

World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.

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Yasmah-Adad

Yasmah-Adad (Yasmah-Addu, Yasmakh-Adad, Ismah-Adad, Iasmakh-Adad) was the younger son of the Amorite king of Upper Mesopotamia, Shamshi-Adad I. He was put on throne of Mari by his father after a successful military attack following the assassination of Yahdun-Lim of Mari in 1796 B.C.E. He was responsible for the southwestern section of his father's kingdom (of which Mari was the capital), including the Balikh River, Habur River, and Euphrates River.

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