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Terminator (genetics), the Glossary

️Fri Jun 07 2019

In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription.^[1]

35 relations: Adenosine triphosphate, Allosteric regulation, Attenuator (genetics), Bacteria, Bacteriophage, C-terminus, Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, Cleavage stimulation factor, DNA, Dyad symmetry, Eukaryote, Exonuclease, Five-prime cap, Gene, Genetics, Helicase, Intrinsic termination, Nucleic acid, Nucleic acid secondary structure, Nucleic acid thermodynamics, Operon, Polyadenylation, Polymerase, Processivity, Prokaryote, Rho factor, Rho utilisation site, RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase II, Stem-loop, Stop codon, Termination factor, Transcription (biology), Transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase I, 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2.

Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.

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In the fields of biochemistry and pharmacology an allosteric regulator (or allosteric modulator) is a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational change that alters the protein's activity, either enhancing or inhibiting its function.

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Attenuator (genetics)

In genetics, attenuation is a regulatory mechanism for some bacterial operons that results in premature termination of transcription. Terminator (genetics) and Attenuator (genetics) are gene expression.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.

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C-terminus

The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).

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Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) is involved in the cleavage of the 3' signaling region from a newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) molecule in the process of gene transcription. Terminator (genetics) and cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor are gene expression.

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Cleavage stimulation factor

Cleavage stimulatory factor or cleavage stimulation factor (CstF or CStF) is a heterotrimeric protein, made up of the proteins CSTF1 (55kDa), CSTF2 (64kDa) and CSTF3 (77kDa), totalling about 200 kDa. Terminator (genetics) and cleavage stimulation factor are gene expression.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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Dyad symmetry

In genetics, dyad symmetry refers to two areas of a DNA strand whose base pair sequences are inverted repeats of each other.

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Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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Exonuclease

Exonucleases are enzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain.

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Five-prime cap

In molecular biology, the five-prime cap (5′ cap) is a specially altered nucleotide on the 5′ end of some primary transcripts such as precursor messenger RNA.

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Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.

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Helicase

Helicases are a class of enzymes thought to be vital to all organisms.

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Intrinsic termination

Intrinsic, or rho-independent termination, is a process to signal the end of transcription and release the newly constructed RNA molecule. Terminator (genetics) and Intrinsic termination are gene expression.

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Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.

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Nucleic acid secondary structure

Nucleic acid secondary structure is the basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers.

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Nucleic acid thermodynamics

Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).

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Operon

In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. Terminator (genetics) and operon are gene expression.

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Polyadenylation

Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA). Terminator (genetics) and Polyadenylation are gene expression.

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Polymerase

In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids.

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Processivity

In molecular biology and biochemistry, processivity is an enzyme's ability to catalyze "consecutive reactions without releasing its substrate".

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Prokaryote

A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Rho factor

A ρ factor (Rho factor) is a bacterial protein involved in the termination of transcription. Terminator (genetics) and Rho factor are gene expression.

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Rho utilisation site

Rho utilisation site, also known by the acronym rut, is a sequence of RNA in bacteria upstream of the terminator region which serves as a binding site for the protein known as rho factor.

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RNA polymerase

In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template. Terminator (genetics) and RNA polymerase are gene expression.

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RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. Terminator (genetics) and RNA polymerase II are gene expression.

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Stem-loop

Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded RNA.

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Stop codon

In molecular biology, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. Terminator (genetics) and stop codon are gene expression.

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Termination factor

In molecular biology, a termination factor is a protein that mediates the termination of RNA transcription by recognizing a transcription terminator and causing the release of the newly made mRNA. Terminator (genetics) and termination factor are gene expression.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminator_(genetics)

Also known as Codon, terminator, Terminator (gene), Terminator regions (genetics), Terminator sequence, Transcription terminator.

Terminator (genetics), the Glossary

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References