Tetraplegia, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 83 relations: Acromioclavicular joint, Activities of daily living, ALS, American Spinal Injury Association, Anal wink, Anterior spinal artery syndrome, Aortic dissection, Arteriovenous malformation, Atherosclerosis, Autonomic dysreflexia, Autonomic nervous system, Axilla, Biceps, Birth defect, Botulinum toxin, Brain, Brown-Séquard syndrome, Bulbocavernosus reflex, Cauda equina syndrome, Central cord syndrome, Cerebral palsy, Cervical vertebrae, Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, Christopher Reeve, Clearing the cervical spine, Conus medullaris, Cubital fossa, Deep vein thrombosis, Dermatome (anatomy), Embolus, Fecal incontinence, Flaccid paralysis, Greek language, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Hemiparesis, Intervertebral disc, Ischemia, Latin, Lesion, Locked-in syndrome, Lumbar vertebrae, Medial epicondyle of the humerus, Medical imaging, Motor control, Multiple sclerosis, Muscular dystrophy, Nerve root, Neuralgia, Neurosurgery, Occipital bone, ... Expand index (33 more) »

2. Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes

Acromioclavicular joint

The acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint, is a joint at the top of the shoulder.

See Tetraplegia and Acromioclavicular joint

Activities of daily living

Activities of daily living (ADLs) is a term used in healthcare to refer to an individual's daily self-care activities.

See Tetraplegia and Activities of daily living

ALS

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease in the United States, is a rare, terminal neurodegenerative disorder that results in the progressive loss of both upper and lower motor neurons that normally control voluntary muscle contraction.

See Tetraplegia and ALS

American Spinal Injury Association

The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), formed in 1973, publishes the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), which is a neurological exam widely used to document sensory and motor impairments following spinal cord injury (SCI). Tetraplegia and American Spinal Injury Association are Neurotrauma.

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Anal wink

The anal wink, anal reflex, perineal reflex, or anocutaneous reflex is the reflexive contraction of the external anal sphincter upon stroking of the skin around the anus.

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Anterior spinal artery syndrome

Anterior spinal artery syndrome (also known as "anterior spinal cord syndrome") is syndrome caused by ischemia of the area supplied by the anterior spinal artery, resulting in loss of function of the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord.

See Tetraplegia and Anterior spinal artery syndrome

Aortic dissection

Aortic dissection (AD) occurs when an injury to the innermost layer of the aorta allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart.

See Tetraplegia and Aortic dissection

Arteriovenous malformation

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system.

See Tetraplegia and Arteriovenous malformation

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.

See Tetraplegia and Atherosclerosis

Autonomic dysreflexia

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially fatal medical emergency classically characterized by uncontrolled hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. Tetraplegia and Autonomic dysreflexia are Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Autonomic dysreflexia

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), sometimes called the visceral nervous system and formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that operates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands.

See Tetraplegia and Autonomic nervous system

Axilla

The axilla (axillae or axillas; also known as the armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the shoulder joint.

See Tetraplegia and Axilla

Biceps

The biceps or biceps brachii (musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") are a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow.

See Tetraplegia and Biceps

Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause.

See Tetraplegia and Birth defect

Botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.

See Tetraplegia and Botulinum toxin

Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Brown-Séquard syndrome

Brown-Séquard syndrome (also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia, Brown-Séquard's paralysis, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis, or spinal hemiparaplegia) is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, i.e. hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite (or contralateral) side as the lesion.

See Tetraplegia and Brown-Séquard syndrome

Bulbocavernosus reflex

The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR), bulbospongiosus reflex (BSR) or "Osinski reflex" is a polysynaptic reflex that is useful in testing for spinal shock and gaining information about the state of spinal cord injuries (SCI).

See Tetraplegia and Bulbocavernosus reflex

Cauda equina syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. Tetraplegia and cauda equina syndrome are cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes and Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Cauda equina syndrome

Central cord syndrome

Central cord syndrome (CCS) is the most common form of cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).

See Tetraplegia and Central cord syndrome

Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Tetraplegia and Cerebral palsy are cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes and Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Cerebral palsy

Cervical vertebrae

In tetrapods, cervical vertebrae (vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull.

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Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation

The Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation is a charitable organization headquartered in Short Hills, New Jersey, dedicated to finding treatments and cures for paralysis caused by spinal cord injury and other neurological disorders.

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Christopher Reeve

Christopher D'Olier Reeve (September 25, 1952 – October 10, 2004) was an American actor, film director, author, and activist, best known for playing the title character in the film Superman (1978) and its three sequels.

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Clearing the cervical spine

Clearing the cervical spine is the process by which medical professionals determine whether cervical spine injuries exist, mainly regarding cervical fracture.

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Conus medullaris

The conus medullaris (Latin for "medullary cone") or conus terminalis is the tapered, lower end of the spinal cord.

See Tetraplegia and Conus medullaris

Cubital fossa

The cubital fossa, antecubital fossa, chelidon, or inside of elbow is the area on the anterior side of the upper part between the arm and forearm of a human or other hominid animals.

See Tetraplegia and Cubital fossa

Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis.

See Tetraplegia and Deep vein thrombosis

Dermatome (anatomy)

A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by afferent nerve fibres from the dorsal root of any given spinal nerve.

See Tetraplegia and Dermatome (anatomy)

Embolus

An embolus (emboli; from the Greek ἔμβολος "wedge", "plug") is an unattached mass that travels through the bloodstream and is capable of creating blockages.

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Fecal incontinence

Fecal incontinence (FI), or in some forms, encopresis, is a lack of control over defecation, leading to involuntary loss of bowel contents, both liquid stool elements and mucus, or solid feces.

See Tetraplegia and Fecal incontinence

Flaccid paralysis

Flaccid paralysis is a neurological condition characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).

See Tetraplegia and Flaccid paralysis

Greek language

Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.

See Tetraplegia and Greek language

Guillain–Barré syndrome

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system.

See Tetraplegia and Guillain–Barré syndrome

Hemiparesis

Hemiparesis, also called unilateral paresis, is the weakness of one entire side of the body (hemi- means "half"). Tetraplegia and Hemiparesis are cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes.

See Tetraplegia and Hemiparesis

Intervertebral disc

An intervertebral disc (or intervertebral fibrocartilage) lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.

See Tetraplegia and Intervertebral disc

Ischemia

Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).

See Tetraplegia and Ischemia

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Lesion

A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by injury or diseases.

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Locked-in syndrome

Locked-in syndrome (LIS), also known as pseudocoma, is a condition in which a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for vertical eye movements and blinking. Tetraplegia and Locked-in syndrome are Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Locked-in syndrome

Lumbar vertebrae

The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis.

See Tetraplegia and Lumbar vertebrae

The medial epicondyle of the humerus is an epicondyle of the humerus bone of the upper arm in humans.

See Tetraplegia and Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Medical imaging

Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).

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Motor control

Motor control is the regulation of movements in organisms that possess a nervous system.

See Tetraplegia and Motor control

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.

See Tetraplegia and Multiple sclerosis

Muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases that cause progressive weakness and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time.

See Tetraplegia and Muscular dystrophy

Nerve root

A nerve root (radix nervi) is the initial segment of a nerve leaving the central nervous system.

See Tetraplegia and Nerve root

Neuralgia

Neuralgia (Greek neuron, "nerve" + algos, "pain") is pain in the distribution of a nerve or nerves, as in intercostal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

See Tetraplegia and Neuralgia

Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the surgical treatment of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.

See Tetraplegia and Neurosurgery

Occipital bone

The occipital bone is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull).

See Tetraplegia and Occipital bone

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk.

See Tetraplegia and Osteoporosis

Paralysis

Paralysis (paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Tetraplegia and Paralysis are cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes.

See Tetraplegia and Paralysis

Paraplegia

Paraplegia, or paraparesis, is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. Tetraplegia and Paraplegia are cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes and Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Paraplegia

Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatry, is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities.

See Tetraplegia and Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Polio

Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus.

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Pressure ulcer

Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores, bed sores or pressure injuries, are localised damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of usually long-term pressure, or pressure in combination with shear or friction.

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Proprioception

Proprioception is the sense of self-movement, force, and body position.

See Tetraplegia and Proprioception

Recreation

Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.

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Sacrum

The sacrum (sacra or sacrums), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of the sacral vertebrae (S1S5) between ages 18 and 30.

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Sense

A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli.

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Sexuality after spinal cord injury

Although spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes sexual dysfunction, many people with SCI are able to have satisfying sex lives. Tetraplegia and Sexuality after spinal cord injury are Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Sexuality after spinal cord injury

Skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle (commonly referred to as muscle) is one of the three types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

See Tetraplegia and Skeletal muscle

Spastic quadriplegia

Spastic quadriplegia, also known as spastic tetraplegia, is a subset of spastic cerebral palsy that affects all four limbs (both arms and legs).

See Tetraplegia and Spastic quadriplegia

Spasticity

Spasticity is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia.

See Tetraplegia and Spasticity

Spina bifida

Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, Latin for 'split spine') is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy.

See Tetraplegia and Spina bifida

Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate animals.

See Tetraplegia and Spinal cord

Spinal cord injury

A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. Tetraplegia and spinal cord injury are Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury research

Spinal cord injury research seeks new ways to cure or treat spinal cord injury in order to lessen the debilitating effects of the injury in the short or long term. Tetraplegia and spinal cord injury research are Neurotrauma.

See Tetraplegia and Spinal cord injury research

Spinal muscular atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting.

See Tetraplegia and Spinal muscular atrophy

Supraclavicular fossa

The supraclavicular fossa is an indentation (fossa) immediately above the clavicle.

See Tetraplegia and Supraclavicular fossa

Synaptic plasticity

In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.

See Tetraplegia and Synaptic plasticity

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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Thoracic vertebrae

In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae.

See Tetraplegia and Thoracic vertebrae

Thrombosis

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

See Tetraplegia and Thrombosis

Traffic collision

A traffic collision, also known as a motor vehicle collision, or car crash, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other moving or stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.

See Tetraplegia and Traffic collision

Transverse myelitis

Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological condition wherein the spinal cord is inflamed.

See Tetraplegia and Transverse myelitis

Triceps

The triceps, or triceps brachii (Latin for "three-headed muscle of the arm"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates.

See Tetraplegia and Triceps

University of Alabama at Birmingham

The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham, Alabama.

See Tetraplegia and University of Alabama at Birmingham

Urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence (UI), also known as involuntary urination, is any uncontrolled leakage of urine.

See Tetraplegia and Urinary incontinence

Ventilator

A ventilator is a type of breathing apparatus, a class of medical technology that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.

See Tetraplegia and Ventilator

Vertebra

Each vertebra (vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates.

See Tetraplegia and Vertebra

Violence

Violence is the use of physical force to cause harm to people, or non-human life, such as pain, injury, death, damage, or destruction.

See Tetraplegia and Violence

Weakness

Weakness is a symptom of many different medical conditions.

See Tetraplegia and Weakness

See also

Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes

• Babinski–Nageotte syndrome
• CP football
• CP1 (classification)
• CP2 (classification)
• CP3 (classification)
• CP4 (classification)
• CP5 (classification)
• CP6 (classification)
• CP7 (classification)
• CP8 (classification)
• Cauda equina syndrome
• Cerebral Palsy Games
• Cerebral palsy
• Cerebral palsy sport classification
• Communication Function Classification System
• Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy
• General movements assessment
• Gross Motor Function Classification System
• Hemiparesis
• Kernicterus
• Konzo
• Management of cerebral palsy
• Manual Ability Classification System
• Modified Ashworth scale
• Paralysis
• Paraplegia
• Selective dorsal rhizotomy
• Selective percutaneous myofascial lengthening
• Tetraplegia
• Todd's paresis
• Walk Again Project
• Worster-Drought syndrome

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraplegia

Also known as Quadrapalegic, Quadraparesis, Quadraplegia, Quadraplegic, Quadripalegic, Quadriparesis, Quadriplegia, Quadriplegiac, Quadriplegic, Quadriplegics, Quadriplegy, Quadroplegia, Quadruplegia, Quadruplegic, Spinal paralysis, Tetraparesis, Tetraplegic.

, Osteoporosis, Paralysis, Paraplegia, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Polio, Pressure ulcer, Proprioception, Recreation, Sacrum, Sense, Sexuality after spinal cord injury, Skeletal muscle, Spastic quadriplegia, Spasticity, Spina bifida, Spinal cord, Spinal cord injury, Spinal cord injury research, Spinal muscular atrophy, Supraclavicular fossa, Synaptic plasticity, The Guardian, Thoracic vertebrae, Thrombosis, Traffic collision, Transverse myelitis, Triceps, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Urinary incontinence, Ventilator, Vertebra, Violence, Weakness.