en.unionpedia.org

The Breda Four, the Glossary

Index The Breda Four

The Breda Four (Vier van Breda), later The Breda Three (Drie van Breda) and The Breda Two (Twee van Breda), were the four last imprisoned German war criminals in the Netherlands after the Second World War; Willy Lages, Joseph Kotalla, Ferdinand aus der Fünten and Franz Fischer.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 46 relations: Albert Beerman, Bijzonder Gerechtshof, Braunlage, Breda, Capital punishment, Carel Polak, Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam, Christian Historical Union, Coalition government, Colorectal cancer, Crimes against humanity, De Volkskrant, Death row, Diminished responsibility, Dries van Agt, Dutch resistance, Ferdinand aus der Fünten, Frits Korthals Altes, Germany, Herbert Kappler, House of Representatives (Netherlands), Ivo Samkalden, Joseph Kotalla, Juliana of the Netherlands, Kamp Amersfoort, Koepelgevangenis (Breda), Labour Party (Netherlands), Leen Donker, Life imprisonment, Max van der Stoel, Pardon, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Piet de Jong, Poland, Ruud Lubbers, Supreme Court of the Netherlands, Teun Struycken (born 1906), The Hague, The Holocaust, Til Gardeniers-Berendsen, Trial in absentia, Trouw, War crime, West Germany, Willy Lages, World War II.

  2. 20th-century controversies
  3. Aftermath of World War II in the Netherlands

Albert Beerman

Albert Christiaan Wilhelm Beerman (29 January 1901 – 26 November 1967) was a Dutch politician.

See The Breda Four and Albert Beerman

Bijzonder Gerechtshof

The Bijzonder Gerechtshof (Dutch for "Special Court of Justice") was a special court that was established in the Netherlands to try defendants accused having committed high treason, treason and war crimes immediately after the country’s liberation during the Second World War. The Breda Four and Bijzonder Gerechtshof are Aftermath of World War II in the Netherlands.

See The Breda Four and Bijzonder Gerechtshof

Braunlage

Braunlage is a town and health resort in the Goslar district of Lower Saxony in Germany.

See The Breda Four and Braunlage

Breda

Breda is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant.

See The Breda Four and Breda

Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.

See The Breda Four and Capital punishment

Carel Polak

Carel Hendrik Frederik Polak (2 September 1909 – 28 February 1981) was a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and jurist.

See The Breda Four and Carel Polak

Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam

The Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam (German: Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung) was the Amsterdam branch of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Berlin.

See The Breda Four and Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam

Christian Historical Union

The Christian Historical Union (Christelijk-Historische Unie, CHU) was a Protestant Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands.

See The Breda Four and Christian Historical Union

Coalition government

A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a government by political parties that enter into a power-sharing arrangement of the executive.

See The Breda Four and Coalition government

Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).

See The Breda Four and Colorectal cancer

Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians.

See The Breda Four and Crimes against humanity

De Volkskrant

de Volkskrant is a Dutch daily morning newspaper.

See The Breda Four and De Volkskrant

Death row

Death row, also known as condemned row, is a place in a prison that houses inmates awaiting execution after being convicted of a capital crime and sentenced to death.

See The Breda Four and Death row

Diminished responsibility

In criminal law, diminished responsibility (or diminished capacity) is a potential defense by excuse by which defendants argue that although they broke the law, they should not be held fully criminally liable for doing so, as their mental functions were "diminished" or impaired.

See The Breda Four and Diminished responsibility

Dries van Agt

Andreas Antonius Maria "Dries" van Agt (2 February 1931 – 5 February 2024) was a Dutch politician, jurist and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 19 December 1977 until 4 November 1982.

See The Breda Four and Dries van Agt

Dutch resistance

The Dutch resistance to the German occupation of the Netherlands during World War II can be mainly characterized as non-violent.

See The Breda Four and Dutch resistance

Ferdinand aus der Fünten

Ferdinand Hugo aus der Fünten (17 December 1909 – 19 April 1989), widely known as Fünten, was an SS-Hauptsturmführer and head of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam during the Second World War. The Breda Four and Ferdinand aus der Fünten are Nazis convicted of war crimes.

See The Breda Four and Ferdinand aus der Fünten

Frits Korthals Altes

Frederik "Frits" Korthals Altes (born 15 May 1931) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and jurist.

See The Breda Four and Frits Korthals Altes

Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

See The Breda Four and Germany

Herbert Kappler

Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. The Breda Four and Herbert Kappler are Nazis convicted of war crimes.

See The Breda Four and Herbert Kappler

House of Representatives (Netherlands)

The House of Representatives (literally "Second Chamber of the States General", or simply) is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of the Netherlands, the States General, the other one being the Senate.

See The Breda Four and House of Representatives (Netherlands)

Ivo Samkalden

Ivo Samkalden (10 August 1912 – 11 May 1995) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and jurist.

See The Breda Four and Ivo Samkalden

Joseph Kotalla

Joseph Johann (Jupp) Kotalla (14 July 1908 – 31 July 1979) was a German SS soldier who was head of the administration and de facto deputy commander of Kamp Amersfoort concentration camp during World War II. The Breda Four and Joseph Kotalla are Nazis convicted of war crimes.

See The Breda Four and Joseph Kotalla

Juliana of the Netherlands

Juliana (Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980.

See The Breda Four and Juliana of the Netherlands

Kamp Amersfoort

Kamp Amersfoort (Kamp Amersfoort, Durchgangslager Amersfoort) was a Nazi concentration camp near the city of Amersfoort, the Netherlands.

See The Breda Four and Kamp Amersfoort

Koepelgevangenis (Breda)

The Koepelgevangenis is a former prison in Breda, Netherlands, constructed in 1886, best known as the prison where convicted World War II collaborators and Nazi war criminals were housed (including The Breda Four).

See The Breda Four and Koepelgevangenis (Breda)

Labour Party (Netherlands)

The Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid, abbreviated as PvdA or P van de A) is a social democratic political party in the Netherlands.

See The Breda Four and Labour Party (Netherlands)

Leen Donker

Leendert Antonie Donker (7 September 1899 in Almkerk – 4 February 1956 in Rotterdam) was a Dutch politician.

See The Breda Four and Leen Donker

Life imprisonment

Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted criminals are to remain in prison for the rest of their natural lives (or until pardoned, paroled, or commuted to a fixed term).

See The Breda Four and Life imprisonment

Max van der Stoel

Maximilianus "Max" van der Stoel (3 August 1924 – 23 April 2011) was a Dutch politician and diplomat, member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and activist who served as High Commissioner on National Minorities of the OSCE from 1 January 1993 until 1 July 2001.

See The Breda Four and Max van der Stoel

Pardon

A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction.

See The Breda Four and Pardon

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD) is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands.

See The Breda Four and People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

Piet de Jong

Petrus Jozef Sietse "Piet" de Jong (3 April 1915 – 27 July 2016) was a Dutch politician and naval officer who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1967 to 1971.

See The Breda Four and Piet de Jong

Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

See The Breda Four and Poland

Ruud Lubbers

Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers (7 May 1939 – 14 February 2018) was a Dutch politician, diplomat and businessman who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1982 to 1994, and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 2001 to 2005.

See The Breda Four and Ruud Lubbers

Supreme Court of the Netherlands

The Supreme Court of the Netherlands (Hoge Raad der Nederlanden or simply Hoge Raad), officially the High Council of the Netherlands, is the final court of appeal in civil, criminal and tax cases in the Netherlands, including Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Aruba.

See The Breda Four and Supreme Court of the Netherlands

Teun Struycken (born 1906)

Antoon Arnold Marie "Teun" Struycken (27 December 1906 – 1 December 1977) was a Dutch jurist and politician, co-founder of the Catholic People's Party (KVP).

See The Breda Four and Teun Struycken (born 1906)

The Hague

The Hague is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands.

See The Breda Four and The Hague

The Holocaust

The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.

See The Breda Four and The Holocaust

Til Gardeniers-Berendsen

Mathilde Hubertine Maria Francisca "Til" Gardeniers-Berendsen (18 February 1925 – 22 October 2019) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and nonprofit director.

See The Breda Four and Til Gardeniers-Berendsen

Trial in absentia

Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person being tried is not present.

See The Breda Four and Trial in absentia

Trouw

Trouw ("loyal", "true") is a Dutch daily newspaper appearing in compact size.

See The Breda Four and Trouw

War crime

A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war, torture, taking hostages, unnecessarily destroying civilian property, deception by perfidy, wartime sexual violence, pillaging, and for any individual that is part of the command structure who orders any attempt to committing mass killings including genocide or ethnic cleansing, the granting of no quarter despite surrender, the conscription of children in the military and flouting the legal distinctions of proportionality and military necessity.

See The Breda Four and War crime

West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

See The Breda Four and West Germany

Willy Lages

Willy Paul Franz Lages (5 October 1901 – 2 April 1971) was the German chief of the Sicherheitsdienst in Amsterdam during the Second World War. The Breda Four and Willy Lages are 20th-century controversies and Nazis convicted of war crimes.

See The Breda Four and Willy Lages

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See The Breda Four and World War II

See also

20th-century controversies

Aftermath of World War II in the Netherlands

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breda_Four

Also known as 4 from Breda, Breda Four, Breda Three, Breda Two, Drie van Breda, Four from Breda, The Breda Three, The Breda Two, Twee van Breda, Vier van Breda.