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Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation, the Glossary

Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation was a voyage of raid and exploration by English navigator and sailor Thomas Cavendish which took place during the Anglo–Spanish War between 21 July 1586 and 9 September 1588.^[1]

Acapulco

Acapulco de Juárez, commonly called Acapulco (Acapolco), is a city and major seaport in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, south of Mexico City.

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Action off Bermuda (1585)

The action off Bermuda, also known as Grenville's action off the Bermuda's, was a minor naval engagement that took place off the island of Bermuda over three days in late August 1585 during the Anglo–Spanish War between an English galleass, Tiger, and a larger Spanish galleon, Santa Maria de San Vicente.

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Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)

The Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the Habsburg Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of England that was never formally declared.

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António, Prior of Crato

António, Prior of Crato (153126 August 1595), sometimes called "The Determined", "The Fighter", "The Independentist" or "The Resistant", was a grandson of King Manuel I of Portugal who claimed the Portuguese throne during the 1580 dynastic crisis.

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Arabic

Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Arica

Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region.

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Ascension Island

Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56′ south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.

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Azores

The Azores (Açores), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira).

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Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga, 1st Marquess of Villamanrique

Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga, 1st Marquess of Villamanrique (Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga, primer marqués de Villamanrique) (d. 1590, in Spain), Spanish nobleman and the seventh viceroy of New Spain.

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Baja California

Baja California ('Lower California'), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California (Free and Sovereign State of Baja California), is a state in Mexico.

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Bali

Bali (English:; ᬩᬮᬶ) is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands.

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Barque

A barque, barc, or bark is a type of sailing vessel with three or more masts consisting of a fore mast, mainmast and additional masts rigged square and only the aftmost mast (mizzen in three-masted barques) rigged fore and aft.

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Barra de Navidad

Barra de Navidad is a small town located on the western coastline of the Mexican state of Jalisco.

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Biscayne (ethnonym)

Until the early 19th century the word Biscayne (.

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Bodleian Library

The Bodleian Library is the main research library of the University of Oxford.

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Cabo San Lucas

Cabo San Lucas ("Saint Luke Cape"), also known simply as Cabo, is a resort city at the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur.

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Callao

Callao is a Peruvian seaside city and region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Canarias), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Cannon

A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant.

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Cape Finisterre

Cape Finisterre (also; italic; italic) is a rock-bound peninsula on the west coast of Galicia, Spain.

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Cape of Good Hope

The Cape of Good Hope (Kaap die Goeie Hoop) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa.

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Cape Verde

Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelago and island country of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about.

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Capul

Capul, officially the Municipality of Capul (Bungto han Capul; Bayan ng Capul), is a 5th class island municipality in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines.

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Careening

Careening (also known as "heaving down") is a method of gaining access to the hull of a sailing vessel without the use of a dry dock.

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Chacala

Chacala is a beach town set in small cove on the Pacific coast of Mexico in the State of Nayarit.

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Chilean wine

Chile has a long history in the production of wine, with roots dating back to the 16th century when the Spanish conquistadors introduced Vitis vinifera vines to the region.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Chinese people

The Chinese people, or simply Chinese, are people or ethnic groups identified with China, usually through ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliation.

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Chios

Chios (Chíos, traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greek island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea, and the tenth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Christopher and Cosmas

Christopher and Cosmas were two Japanese men, only known by their Christian names, who are recorded to have travelled across the Pacific on a Spanish galleon in 1587, and were later forced to accompany the English navigator Thomas Cavendish to England, Brazil and the Southern Atlantic, where they disappeared with the sinking of his ship in 1592.

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Circumnavigation

Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon).

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Cocoa bean

The cocoa bean, also known simply as cocoa or cacao, is the dried and fully fermented seed of Theobroma cacao, the cacao tree, from which cocoa solids (a mixture of nonfat substances) and cocoa butter (the fat) can be extracted.

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Colima

Colima, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Colima (Estado Libre y Soberano de Colima), is among the 31 states that make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Colonial Brazil

Colonial Brazil (Brasil Colonial) comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to a kingdom in union with Portugal.

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Commoner

A commoner, also known as the common man, commoners, the common people or the masses, was in earlier use an ordinary person in a community or nation who did not have any significant social status, especially a member of neither royalty, nobility, nor any part of the aristocracy.

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Compostela, Nayarit

Compostela is the name of both a municipality and of a town in it that serves as the seat; both are in the Mexican state of Nayarit.

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Concepción, Chile

Concepción (originally: Concepción de la Madre Santísima de la Luz, "Conception of the Blessed Mother of Light") is a city and commune in south-central Chile, and the geographical and demographic core of the Greater Concepción metropolitan area, one of the three major conurbations in the country.

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Copalita River

The Copalita River is a river of Oaxaca, Mexico.

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Damask

Damask (/ˈdæməsk/; Arabic: دمشق) is a woven, reversible patterned fabric.

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Desire (ship)

The Desire was the 120 ton flagship Thomas Cavendish built for his highly successful 1586–1588 circumnavigation of the globe.

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Domingo de Salazar

Domingo de Salazar (1512 – December 4, 1594) was a Catholic prelate who served as the first Bishop of Manila (1579–94) (in Latin) retrieved November 11, 2015Catholic-Hierarchy.org.

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Eighty Years' War

The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt (Nederlandse Opstand) (c. 1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government.

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Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603.

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Emanuel van Meteren

Emanuel van Meteren or Meteeren (1535 – 11 April 1612) was a Flemish historian and Consul for "the Traders of the Low Countries" in London.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English Channel

The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France.

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False Bay

False Bay (Afrikaans: Valsbaai) is a body of water in the Atlantic Ocean between the mountainous Cape Peninsula and the Hottentots Holland Mountains in the extreme south-west of South Africa.

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Feral pig

A feral pig is a domestic pig which has gone feral, meaning it lives in the wild.

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Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan (1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer best known for having planned and led the 1519–22 Spanish expedition to the East Indies, which achieved the first circumnavigation of Earth in history.

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Flemish people

Flemish people or Flemings (Vlamingen) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch.

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Forge

A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace (smithy) where such a hearth is located.

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Francis Drake

Sir Francis Drake (1540 – 28 January 1596) was an English explorer and privateer best known for his circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition between 1577 and 1580.

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Francis Drake's circumnavigation

Francis Drake's circumnavigation, also known as Drake's Raiding Expedition, was an important historical maritime event that took place between 15 December 1577 and 26 September 1580. Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation and Francis Drake's circumnavigation are Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), circumnavigations, Commerce raiders, expeditions from Great Britain, Exploration of South America, Global expeditions, history of the Royal Navy, Military campaigns involving England, Military expeditions, Piracy, Piracy in the Pacific Ocean and Prize warfare.

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Francis Pretty

Francis Pretty was a Suffolk gentleman, diarist, sailor, and man-at-arms, who wrote a detailed account of the circumnavigation of the globe with Thomas Cavendish (1588).

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Francisco de Toledo

Francisco Álvarez de Toledo (Oropesa, 10 July 1515 – Escalona, 21 April 1582), also known as The Viceroyal Solon, was an aristocrat and soldier of the Kingdom of Spain and the fifth Viceroy of Peru.

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Goat

The goat or domestic goat (Capra hircus) is a species of domesticated goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock.

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Golden Hind

Golden Hind was a galleon captained by Francis Drake in his circumnavigation of the world between 1577 and 1580.

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Guam

Guam (Guåhan) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean.

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Guayaquil

Guayaquil (Wayakil), officially Santiago de Guayaquil, is the largest city in Ecuador and also the nation's economic capital and main port.

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Gulf of California

The Gulf of California (Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (Mar Vermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from the Mexican mainland.

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History of the Philippines (1565–1898)

The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.

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Huatulco

Huatulco (wah-TOOL-coh), formally Bahías de Huatulco, centered on the town of La Crucecita, is a tourist development in Mexico.

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Hugh Bicheno

Hugh Bicheno (19 January 1948 – 11 November 2023) was a political risk analyst and an historian of conflict.

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Iguana

Iguana is a genus of herbivorous lizards that are native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

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Ilhabela

Ilhabela (Portuguese for Beautiful Island) is an archipelago and city situated in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of São Paulo state in Brazil.

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Iloilo City

Iloilo City, officially the City of Iloilo (Dakbanwa sang Iloilo; Lungsod ng Iloilo), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines, located on the southeastern coast of the island of Panay.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approx.

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Indigo

Indigo is a term used for a number of hues in the region of blue.

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Islas Marías

The Islas Marías ("Mary Islands") make up an archipelago in Mexico, consisting of four islands.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Japanese people

are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Japanese archipelago.

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Java

Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia.

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John Davis (explorer)

John Davis (– 29 December 1605) was one of the chief navigators of Queen Elizabeth I of England.

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Juan de Fuca

Juan de Fuca (10 June 1536, Cefalonia 23 July 1602, Cefalonia)Greek Consulate of Vancouver, "".

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within the metropolis.

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List of viceroys of New Spain

This article lists the viceroys who ruled the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1535 to 1821 in the name of the monarch of Spain.

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Lombok

Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Maluku Islands

The Maluku Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Maluku) or the Moluccas are an archipelago in the eastern part of Indonesia.

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Manila

Manila (Maynila), officially the City of Manila (Lungsod ng Maynila), is the capital and second-most-populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City.

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Manila galleon

The Manila galleon (Galeón de Manila; Galyon ng Maynila), originally known as La Nao de China, and Galeón de Acapulco,.

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Manuscript

A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way.

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Manzanillo, Colima

Manzanillo is a city and seat of Manzanillo Municipality, in the Mexican state of Colima.

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Mariana Islands

The Mariana Islands (Manislan Mariånas), also simply the Marianas, are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, between the 12th and 21st parallels north and along the 145th meridian east.

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Maritime pilot

A maritime pilot, marine pilot, harbor pilot, port pilot, ship pilot, or simply pilot, is a mariner who has specific knowledge of an often dangerous or congested waterway, such as harbors or river mouths.

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Mary, Queen of Scots

Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.

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Mazatlán

Mazatlán is a city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa.

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Mint (facility)

A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

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Mocha Island

Mocha Island (Isla Mocha) is a Chilean island located west of the coast of Arauco Province in the Pacific Ocean. Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation and Mocha Island are Piracy in the Pacific Ocean.

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Monarchy of Spain

The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy (Monarquía Española) is the constitutional form of government of Spain.

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Musk

Musk is a class of aromatic substances commonly used as base notes in perfumery.

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Navigator

A navigator is the person on board a ship or aircraft responsible for its navigation.

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Negro

In the English language, the term negro (or sometimes negress for a female) is a term historically used to refer to people of Black African heritage.

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New Spain

New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España; Nahuatl: Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain.

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Olivier van Noort

Olivier van Noort (1558 – 22 February 1627) was a Dutch merchant captain and the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.

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Paita

Paita is a city in northwestern Peru.

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Palabuhanratu Bay

Palabuhanratu Bay (Teluk Palabuhanratu; Wijnkoopsbaai) or Pelabuhan Ratu Sundanese for: Harbor of the Queen, is the largest bay on the coast of the Indian Ocean in the south of West Java.

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Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America.

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Panay

Panay is the sixth-largest and fourth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of and a total population of 4,542,926, as of 2020 census.

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Partridge

A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa.

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Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa

Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa (1532–1592) was a Spanish adventurer, author, historian, mathematician, and astronomer.

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Penguin

Penguins are a group of aquatic flightless birds from the family Spheniscidae of the order Sphenisciformes.

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Perfume

Perfume (parfum) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent.

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Peso

The peso is the monetary unit of several Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America, as well as the Philippines.

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Philip II of Spain

Philip II (21 May 152713 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent (Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598.

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Pig

The pig (Sus domesticus), also called swine (swine) or hog, is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal.

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Pisco

Pisco is a colorless or yellowish-to-amber-colored spirit produced in winemaking regions of Peru and Chile.

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Plymouth

Plymouth is a port city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England.

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Plymouth Sound

Plymouth Sound, or locally just The Sound, is a deep inlet or sound in the English Channel near Plymouth in England.

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Portuguese people

The Portuguese people (– masculine – or Portuguesas) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation indigenous to Portugal, a country in the west of the Iberian Peninsula in the south-west of Europe, who share a common culture, ancestry and language.

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Puerto del Hambre

Ciudad del Rey Don Felipe, also known as Puerto del Hambre (Port Famine), is a historic settlement site at Buena Bay (locally known as Mansa Bay) on the north shore of the Strait of Magellan approximately south of Punta Arenas in the Región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena, Patagonia, Chile.

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Puerto Deseado

Puerto Deseado, originally called Port Desire, is a city of about 15,000 inhabitants and a fishing port in Patagonia in Santa Cruz Province of Argentina, on the estuary of the Deseado River.

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Puná Island

Puná Island (Spanish: Isla Puná), is an island just off the coast of southern Ecuador at approximately 80 degrees west longitude and 3 degrees south latitude.

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Queene's Day

Queene's Day celebrates the accession of Queen Elizabeth I to the throne of England on 17 November 1558.

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Quintero

Quintero is a Chilean city and commune in Valparaíso Province, in the Valparaíso Region, 30 kilometers north of Valparaíso.

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Quito

Quito (Kitu), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area.

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Richard Grenville

Sir Richard Grenville (15 June 1542 – 10 September 1591), also spelt Greynvile, Greeneville, and Greenfield, was an English privateer and explorer.

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Richard Hakluyt

Richard Hakluyt (1553 – 23 November 1616) was an English writer.

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River Thames

The River Thames, known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London.

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Robert Hues

Robert Hues (1553 – 24 May 1632) was an English mathematician and geographer.

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Sailing ship

A sailing ship is a sea-going vessel that uses sails mounted on masts to harness the power of wind and propel the vessel.

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Saint George's Day

Saint George's Day is the feast day of Saint George, celebrated by Christian churches, countries, regions, and cities of which he is the patron saint, including Albania, Bulgaria, England, Ethiopia, Greece, Georgia, Portugal, Romania, Syria, Lebanon, Castile and León, Catalonia, Alcoi, Aragon, Genoa, and Rio de Janeiro.

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Saint Helena

Saint Helena is one of the three constituent parts of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a remote British overseas territory.

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Samar

Samar is the third-largest and seventh-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 1,909,537 as of the 2020 census.

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San Bernardino Strait

The San Bernardino Strait (Kipot ng San Bernardino) is a strait in the Philippines, connecting the Samar Sea with the Philippine Sea.

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San José del Cabo

San José del Cabo (Saint Joseph of the Cape) is a coastal city located on the Gulf of California coast, near the southern tip of Baja California Sur (state), México.

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Santa Magdalena

Santa Magdalena, officially the Municipality of Santa Magdalena (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Santa Magdalena; Bungto han Santa Magdalena, Bayan ng Santa Magdalena), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines.

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Santa María Island, Chile

Santa María Island is a sparsely inhabited island located in the Bay of Arauco off the western coast of the Concepción Province of the Biobío Region of Chile.

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Santander, Spain

Santander is the capital of the autonomous community of Cantabria, Spain.

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Santos, São Paulo

Santos (Saints), officially Municipality of Estancia Balneária de Santos is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas.

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São Sebastião, São Paulo

São Sebastião (Portuguese for Saint Sebastian) is a Brazilian municipality, located on the southeast coast of Brazil, in the state of São Paulo.

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São Vicente, São Paulo

São Vicente (after Saint Vincent of Saragossa, the patron Saint of Lisbon, Portugal) is a coastal municipality in southern São Paulo, Brazil.

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Sebastián Vizcaíno

Sebastián Vizcaíno (1548–1624) was a Spanish soldier, entrepreneur, explorer, and diplomat whose varied roles took him to New Spain, the Baja California peninsula, the California coast and Asia.

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Segunda Angostura

Segunda Angostura is a sound of the Strait of Magellan between the Patagonian mainland and Tierra del Fuego.

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Sibuyan Sea

The Sibuyan Sea is a small sea in the Philippines that separates the Visayas from the northern Philippine island of Luzon.

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Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, (also,; Salone) officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa.

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Simon de Cordes

Simon de Cordes (born around 1559 – died 11 November 1599) was a Dutch merchant and explorer who after the death of Admiral Jacques Mahu, became leader of an expedition with the goal to achieve the Indies,DE REIS VAN MAHU EN DE CORDES DOOR DE STRAAT VAN MAGALHAES NAAR ZUID-AMERIKA EN JAPAN 1598—1600., p.

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Sonsonate, El Salvador

Sonsonate is a city and district of El Salvador, of which it is also its municipal seat.

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Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada (often known as Invincible Armada, or the Enterprise of England, lit) was a Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588, commanded by Alonso de Guzmán, Duke of Medina Sidonia, an aristocrat without previous naval experience appointed by Philip II of Spain. Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation and Spanish Armada are history of the Royal Navy.

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Spanish colonization of the Americas

The Spanish colonization of the Americas began in 1493 on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic) after the initial 1492 voyage of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus under license from Queen Isabella I of Castile.

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Spanish Main

During the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the Spanish Main was the collective term for the parts of the Spanish Empire that were on the mainland of the Americas and had coastlines on the Caribbean Sea or Gulf of Mexico.

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Spice

In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food.

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Strait of Magellan

The Strait of Magellan, also called the Straits of Magellan, is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south.

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Striking the colors

Striking the colors—meaning lowering the flag (the "colors") that signifies a ship's or garrison's allegiance—is a universally recognized indication of surrender, particularly for ships at sea.

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Suffolk

Suffolk is a ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia.

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Thomas Cavendish

Sir Thomas Cavendish (1560 – May 1592) was an English explorer and a privateer known as "The Navigator" because he was the first who deliberately tried to emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships in the Pacific and return by circumnavigating the globe.

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Thomas Eldred

Thomas Eldred (1561–1624) was an English merchant and mariner.

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Tierra del Fuego

Tierra del Fuego (Spanish for "Land of Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan.

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Tropics

The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator.

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Troy weight

Troy weight is a system of units of mass that originated in 15th-century Kingdom of England and is primarily used in the precious metals industry.

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Typhoon

A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.

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Valparaíso

Valparaíso is a major city, commune, seaport and naval base facility in Valparaíso Region, Chile.

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Victoria (ship)

Victoria or Nao Victoria (Spanish for "Victory") was a carrack famed as the first ship to successfully circumnavigate the world.

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Virginia

Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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William Dampier

William Dampier (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, pirate, privateer, navigator, and naturalist who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation and William Dampier are Piracy in the Pacific Ocean.

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Yard (sailing)

A yard is a spar on a mast from which sails are set.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cavendish's_circumnavigation

, Ferdinand Magellan, Flemish people, Forge, Francis Drake, Francis Drake's circumnavigation, Francis Pretty, Francisco de Toledo, Goat, Golden Hind, Guam, Guayaquil, Gulf of California, History of the Philippines (1565–1898), Huatulco, Hugh Bicheno, Iguana, Ilhabela, Iloilo City, Indian Ocean, Indigo, Islas Marías, Japan, Japanese people, Java, John Davis (explorer), Juan de Fuca, Latitude, Lisbon, List of viceroys of New Spain, Lombok, London, Maluku Islands, Manila, Manila galleon, Manuscript, Manzanillo, Colima, Mariana Islands, Maritime pilot, Mary, Queen of Scots, Mazatlán, Mint (facility), Mocha Island, Monarchy of Spain, Musk, Navigator, Negro, New Spain, Olivier van Noort, Pacific Ocean, Paita, Palabuhanratu Bay, Panama, Panay, Partridge, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Penguin, Perfume, Peso, Philip II of Spain, Pig, Pisco, Plymouth, Plymouth Sound, Portuguese people, Puerto del Hambre, Puerto Deseado, Puná Island, Queene's Day, Quintero, Quito, Richard Grenville, Richard Hakluyt, River Thames, Robert Hues, Sailing ship, Saint George's Day, Saint Helena, Samar, San Bernardino Strait, San José del Cabo, Santa Magdalena, Santa María Island, Chile, Santander, Spain, Santos, São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, São Vicente, São Paulo, Sebastián Vizcaíno, Segunda Angostura, Sibuyan Sea, Sierra Leone, Simon de Cordes, Sonsonate, El Salvador, Spanish Armada, Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish Main, Spice, Strait of Magellan, Striking the colors, Suffolk, Thomas Cavendish, Thomas Eldred, Tierra del Fuego, Tropics, Troy weight, Typhoon, University of Oxford, Valparaíso, Victoria (ship), Virginia, William Dampier, Yard (sailing).

Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation, the Glossary

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