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Thracian warfare, the Glossary

The history of Thracian warfare spans from the 10th century BC up to the 1st century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Thrace.^[1]

115 relations: Achaemenid Empire, Acinaces, Anabasis (Xenophon), Ancient Celtic warfare, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Ancient Rome, Antipater, Aphrodite, Ares, Arrian, Athens, Attic helmet, Bessi, Bithyni, Bronze, Callinicus, Ceasefire, Celts, Chabrias, Chalcidian helmet, Cicones, City-state, Classical antiquity, Clearchus of Sparta, Client state, Club (weapon), Corinthian helmet, Crete, Croesus, Dacia, Dacian warfare, Dacians, Dalmatia, Diadochi, Diegylis, Dii, Diodorus Siculus, Gauls, Germanicus, Greave, Greek mythology, Hallstatt culture, Hellenistic period, Hellenization, Hephaestus, Herodotus, Homer, Iliad, Illyrian type helmet, ... Expand index (65 more) »
Ancient warfare
Culture of the Thracians
Wars involving the Balkans

Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.

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Acinaces

The acinaces, also transliterated as akinakes (Greek ἀκῑνάκης) or akinaka (unattested Old Persian *akīnakah, Sogdian kynʼk) is a type of dagger or xiphos (short sword) used mainly in the first millennium BCE in the eastern Mediterranean Basin, especially by the Medes, Scythians, Persians and Caspians, then by the Greeks.

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Anabasis (Xenophon)

Anabasis (Ἀνάβασις; an "expedition up from") is the most famous work of the Ancient Greek professional soldier and writer Xenophon.

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Ancient Celtic warfare

Ancient Celtic warfare refers to the historical methods of warfare employed by various Celtic people and tribes from Classical antiquity through the Migration period. Unlike modern military systems, Celtic groups did not have a standardized regular military. Instead, their organization varied depending on clan groupings and social class within each tribe. Thracian warfare and Ancient Celtic warfare are ancient warfare.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

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Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.

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Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

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Antipater

Antipater (Ἀντίπατρος|translit.

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Aphrodite

Aphrodite is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretized Roman goddess counterpart Venus, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory.

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Ares

Ares (Ἄρης, Árēs) is the Greek god of war and courage.

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Arrian

Arrian of Nicomedia (Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Lucius Flavius Arrianus) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.

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Athens

Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Attic helmet

The Attic helmet was a type of helmet that originated in Classical Greece and was widely used in Italy and the Hellenistic world until well into the Roman Empire.

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Bessi

The Bessi (Βῆσσοι, or Βέσσοι) or Bessae were a Thracian tribe that inhabited the upper valley of the Hebros and the lands between the Haemus and Rhodope mountain ranges in historical Thrace.

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Bithyni

The Bithyni (translit; Bithyni) were a Thracian tribe who lived in Bithynia.

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Bronze

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.

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Callinicus

Callinicus or Kallinikos (Καλλίνικος) is a surname or male given name; the feminine form is Kalliniki, Callinice or Callinica (Καλλινίκη).

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Ceasefire

A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions, often due to mediation by a third party.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.

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Chabrias

Chabrias (Χαβρίας; bef. 420–357 BC) was an Athenian general active in the first half of the 4th century BC.

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Chalcidian helmet

A Chalcidian helmet or Chalcidian type helmet was a helmet made of bronze and worn by ancient warriors of the Hellenic world, especially popular in Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC.

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Cicones

The Cicones or Ciconians were a Homeric ThracianHerodotus, The Histories (Penguin Classics), edd.

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City-state

A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.

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Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.

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Clearchus of Sparta

Clearchus or Clearch (Κλέαρχος; 450 BC – 401 BC), also known as Clearchus the Lacedaemonian or Clearchus the son of Rhamphias, was a Spartan general and mercenary, noted for leading the Ten Thousand in battle against the Persian king.

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Client state

In the field of international relations, a client state, is a state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state.

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Club (weapon)

A club (also known as a cudgel, baton, bludgeon, truncheon, cosh, nightstick, or impact weapon) is a short staff or stick, usually made of wood, wielded as a weapon since prehistory.

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Corinthian helmet

The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took its name from the city-state of Corinth.

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Crete

Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.

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Croesus

Croesus (Lydian: 𐤨𐤭𐤬𐤥𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮; Phrygian:; Kroisos; Latin: Croesus; reigned) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC.

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Dacia

Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west.

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Dacian warfare

The history of Dacian warfare spans from c. 10th century BC up to the 2nd century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Dacia, populated by a collection of Thracian, Ionian, and Dorian tribes. Thracian warfare and Dacian warfare are ancient warfare.

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Dacians

The Dacians (Daci; loc Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.

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Dalmatia

Dalmatia (Dalmacija; Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Central Croatia, Slavonia, and Istria, located on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia.

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Diadochi

The Diadochi (singular: Diadochos; from Successors) were the rival generals, families, and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control over his empire after his death in 323 BC.

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Diegylis

Diegylis (Ancient Greek: Διήγυλις) was a chieftain of the Thracian Caeni tribe and father of Ziselmius.

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Dii

The Dii (Díoi) were an independent Thracian tribe, swordsmen, who lived among the foothills of Mount Rhodope in Thrace, and particularly in the east bank of Nestos, from the springs to the Nestos gorge.

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Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Diódōros; 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian.

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Gauls

The Gauls (Galli; Γαλάται, Galátai) were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD).

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Germanicus

Germanicus Julius Caesar (24 May 15 BC – 10 October AD 19) was an ancient Roman general and politician most famously known for his campaigns in Germania.

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Greave

A greave (from the Old French greve "shin, shin armor") or jambeau is a piece of armor that protects the leg.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology.

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Hallstatt culture

The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western and Central European archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallstatt C, Hallstatt D) from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture.

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Hellenistic period

In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

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Hellenization

Hellenization (also spelled Hellenisation) or Hellenism is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks.

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Hephaestus

Hephaestus (eight spellings; Hḗphaistos) is the Greek god of artisans, blacksmiths, carpenters, craftsmen, fire, metallurgy, metalworking, sculpture and volcanoes.

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Herodotus

Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.

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Homer

Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.

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Iliad

The Iliad (Iliás,; " about Ilion (Troy)") is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.

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Illyrian type helmet

The Illyrian type helmet (or Greco-Illyrian type helmet) is a style of bronze helmet, which in its later variations covered the entire head and neck, and was open-faced in all of its forms.

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Illyrian warfare

The history of the Illyrians spans from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 1st century AD in the region of Illyria and in southern Italy where the Iapygian civilization flourished. Thracian warfare and Illyrian warfare are ancient warfare.

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Illyrians

The Illyrians (Ἰλλυριοί, Illyrioi; Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European-speaking people who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times.

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Iphicrates

Iphicrates (Ιφικράτης) was an Athenian general, who flourished in the earlier half of the 4th century BC.

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element.

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Javelin

A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon.

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Leather

Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay.

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List of ancient Greek tribes

The ancient Greek tribes (Ἑλλήνων ἔθνη) were groups of Greek-speaking populations living in Greece, Cyprus, and the various Greek colonies.

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List of ancient tribes in Illyria

This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria (Ἰλλυρία; Illyria).

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List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia

This is a list of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia (Θρᾴκη, Δακία) including possibly or partly Thracian or Dacian tribes, and non-Thracian or non-Dacian tribes that inhabited the lands known as Thrace and Dacia.

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List of kings of Thrace and Dacia

This article lists kings of Thrace and Dacia, and includes Thracian, Paeonian, Celtic, Dacian, Scythian, Persian or Ancient Greek up to the point of its fall to the Roman Empire, with a few figures from Greek mythology.

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Lydia

Lydia (translit; Lȳdia) was an Iron Age historical region in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey.

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Lysimachus

Lysimachus (Greek: Λυσίμαχος,meaning: "the one that terminates the battle". Lysimachos; c. 360 BC – 281 BC) was a Thessalian officer and successor of Alexander the Great, who in 306 BC, became king of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon.

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Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

Macedonia (Μακεδονία), also called Macedon, was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.

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Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus

Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus (also spelled as Messalinus,Gagarin, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome: Academy Bible, p.131 c. 36 BC – after AD 21) was a Roman senator who was elected consul for 3 BC.

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Mardonius (nephew of Darius I)

Mardonius (𐎶𐎼𐎯𐎢𐎴𐎡𐎹; Μαρδόνιος; died 479 BC) was a Persian military commander during the Greco-Persian Wars.

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Memnon of Rhodes

Memnon of Rhodes (Greek: Μέμνων ὁ Ῥόδιος; 380 – 333 BC) was a prominent Rhodian Greek commander in the service of the Achaemenid Empire.

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Moesia

Moesia (Latin: Moesia; Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River.

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Mounted archery

Mounted archery is a form of archery that involves shooting arrows while on horseback. Thracian warfare and Mounted archery are ancient warfare.

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Mycale

Mycale also Mykale and Mykali (Μυκάλη, Mykálē), called Samsun Dağı and Dilek Dağı (Dilek Peninsula) in modern Turkey, is a mountain on the west coast of central Anatolia in Turkey, north of the mouth of the Maeander and divided from the Greek island of Samos by the 1.6 km wide Mycale Strait.

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Odomanti

Odomanti (Ὀδόμαντοι) or Odomantes (Ὀδόμαντες) were an ancient tribe.

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Odyssey

The Odyssey (Odýsseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.

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Oval

An oval is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg.

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Paeonians

Paeonians were an ancient Indo-European people that dwelt in Paeonia.

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Peloponnese

The Peloponnese, Peloponnesus (Pelopónnēsos) or Morea (Mōrèas; Mōriàs) is a peninsula and geographic region in Southern Greece, and the southernmost region of the Balkans.

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Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War (translit) (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.

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Peltast

A peltast (πελταστής) was a type of light infantry originating in Thrace and Paeonia and named after the kind of shield he carried.

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Persians

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.

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Philip II of Macedon

Philip II of Macedon (Φίλιππος; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC.

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Phrygian helmet

The Phrygian helmet, also known as the Thracian helmet, was a type of helmet that originated in ancient Greece and was widely used throughout the Hellenistic world until well into the period of the Roman Empire.

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Pieria (regional unit)

Pieria (Πιερία) is one of the regional units of Greece located in the southern part of the Region of Central Macedonia, within the historical province of Macedonia.

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Plato

Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.

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Polis

Polis (πόλις), plural poleis (πόλεις), means ‘city’ in ancient Greek.

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Polyaenus

Polyaenus or Polyenus (see ae (æ) vs. e; Polyainos, "much-praised") was a 2nd-century CE Greek author, known best for his Stratagems in War (Strategemata), which has been preserved.

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Polybius

Polybius (Πολύβιος) was a Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period.

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Rhoemetalces I (Sapaean) (Ῥοιμητάλκης) was king of the Sapaean kingdom of Thrace from 15 BC to 12 AD.

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Rhomphaia

The rhomphaia (ῥομφαία) was a close-combat bladed weapon used by the Thracians as early as 350-400 BC.

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Roman legion

The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.

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Romanization

In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so.

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Sapaeans

Sapaeans, Sapaei or Sapaioi (Ancient Greek, "Σαπαίοι") were a Thracian tribe close to the Greek city of Abdera.

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Scordisci

The Scordisci (Σκορδίσκοι; Scordiscii, Scordistae) were an Iron Age cultural group who emerged after the Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe, and who were centered in the territory of present-day Serbia, at the confluence of the Savus (Sava), Dravus (Drava), Margus (Morava) and Danube rivers.

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Scythians

The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.

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Seuthes II

Seuthes II (Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was a ruler in the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace, attested from 405 to 387 BC.

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Seuthes III

Seuthes III (Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was a king of Odrysia, a part of Thrace, during the late 4th century BC (securely attested between 324 and 312 BC).

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Seuthopolis

Seuthopolis (Ancient Greek: Σευθόπολις) was an ancient hellenistic-type city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes III between 325–315 BC which was the capital of the Odrysian kingdom.

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Sica

The sica is a short sword or large dagger of ancient Illyrians, Thracians, and Dacians, it was also used in Ancient Rome. Thracian warfare and sica are culture of the Thracians.

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Sparta

Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece.

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Spear

A spear is a polearm consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head.

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Strabo

StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.

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Tacitus

Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (–), was a Roman historian and politician.

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Tanagra

Tanagra (Τανάγρα) is a town and a municipality north of Athens in Boeotia, Greece.

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In Greek mythology, Temenus (Τήμενος, Tḗmenos) was a son of Aristomachus and brother of Cresphontes and Aristodemus.

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Teres I

Teres I (reigned 460–445 BC) was the first king of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace.

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Thebes, Greece

Thebes (Θήβα, Thíva; Θῆβαι, Thêbai.) is a city in Boeotia, Central Greece, and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

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Thrace

Thrace (Trakiya; Thráki; Trakya) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe.

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Thracians

The Thracians (translit; Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Southeast Europe in ancient history.

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Thucydides

Thucydides (Θουκυδίδης||; BC) was an Athenian historian and general.

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Thyni

The Thyni (Θυνοί) were a Thracian tribe that lived in south-eastern Thrace.

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Triballi

The Triballi (Triballoí, Triballi) were an ancient people who lived in northern Bulgaria in the region of Roman Oescus up to southeastern Serbia, possibly near the territory of the Morava Valley in the late Iron Age.

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Troy

Troy (translit; Trōia; 𒆳𒌷𒋫𒊒𒄿𒊭|translit.

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Tylis

Copper coin of Cavarus, the last king of Tylis Tylis (Greek: Τύλις) or Tyle was a capital of a short-lived Balkan state mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorius in the 3rd century BC.

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Wagon

A wagon or waggon is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by draught animals or on occasion by humans, used for transporting goods, commodities, agricultural materials, supplies and sometimes people.

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Wicker

Wicker is a method of weaving used to make products such as furniture and baskets, as well as a descriptor to classify such products.

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Xenophon

Xenophon of Athens (Ξενοφῶν||; probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens.

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Xerxes I

Xerxes I (– August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC.

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Xiphos

The xiphos (ξίφος; plural xiphe, ξίφη) is a double-edged, one-handed Iron Age straight shortsword used by the ancient Greeks.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracian_warfare

Also known as Ancient Thracian army, Ancient Thracian military, Ancient Thracian warfare, Ancient Thracian weapons, Odrysian warfare, Thracian army, Thracian cavalry, Thracian fortifications, Thracian fortresses, Thracian forts, Thracian hill-forts, Thracian horsemen, Thracian infantry, Thracian mercenaries, Thracian military, Thracian navy, Thracian war tactics, Warfare in Thrace.

, Illyrian warfare, Illyrians, Iphicrates, Iron, Javelin, Leather, List of ancient Greek tribes, List of ancient tribes in Illyria, List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia, List of kings of Thrace and Dacia, Lydia, Lysimachus, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus, Mardonius (nephew of Darius I), Memnon of Rhodes, Moesia, Mounted archery, Mycale, Odomanti, Odyssey, Oval, Paeonians, Peloponnese, Peloponnesian War, Peltast, Persians, Philip II of Macedon, Phrygian helmet, Pieria (regional unit), Plato, Polis, Polyaenus, Polybius, Rhoemetalces I, Rhomphaia, Roman legion, Romanization, Sapaeans, Scordisci, Scythians, Seuthes II, Seuthes III, Seuthopolis, Sica, Sparta, Spear, Strabo, Tacitus, Tanagra, Temenus, Teres I, Thebes, Greece, Thrace, Thracians, Thucydides, Thyni, Triballi, Troy, Tylis, Wagon, Wicker, Xenophon, Xerxes I, Xiphos.

Thracian warfare, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Ancient warfare

Culture of the Thracians

Wars involving the Balkans

References