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Three Kingdoms of Korea, the Glossary

The Three Kingdoms of Korea or Samhan (Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla) competed for hegemony over the Korean Peninsula during the ancient period of Korean history.^[1]

117 relations: Anthropology, Archaeological theory, Archaeology, Baekje, Balhae, Buddhism, Buddhism in Japan, Bureaucracy, Busan, Buyeo, Buyeo County, Byeonhan confederacy, Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom, Centralisation, Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn, Charcoal, Cheongju, Cheonmachong, Chinese Buddhism, Chinese language, Chinese literature, Confucianism, Dongmyeong of Goguryeo, East Asia, Eastern Ye, Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Ethnohistory, Ethnology, Ferrous metallurgy, Four Commanderies of Han, Gaya confederacy, Geumgwan Gaya, Geunchogo of Baekje, Gimhae, Go of Balhae, Goguryeo, Gojoseon, Gongju, Goryeo, Grave goods, Gungnae, Gwanggaeto the Great, Gyeongju, Han dynasty, Hegemony, History of Buddhism in India, History of Korea, Hwangnyongsa, Jangsu of Goguryeo, Jeju Island, ... Expand index (67 more) »
50s BC establishments
57 BC
668 disestablishments
Civil wars in Korea
Early Korean history

Anthropology

Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans.

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Archaeological theory

Archaeological theory refers to the various intellectual frameworks through which archaeologists interpret archaeological data.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Baekje

Baekje or Paekche was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD.

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Balhae (p, translit) or Jin, also rendered as Bohai, was a multiethnic kingdom established in 698 by Dae Joyeong (Da Zuorong) and originally known as the Kingdom of Jin (震, Zhen) until 713 when its name was changed to Balhae.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

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Buddhism in Japan

Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE.

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Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials.

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Busan

Busan, officially is South Korea's second most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.3 million inhabitants as of 2024.

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Buyeo

Buyeo, also rendered as Puyŏ or Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Buyeo are early Korean history.

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Buyeo County

Buyeo County (Buyeo-gun) is a county in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea.

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Byeonhan confederacy

Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the southern Korean peninsula. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Byeonhan confederacy are early Korean history.

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Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom

The Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom is an UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes a number of archaeological sites currently in Ji'an, Jilin Province and Huanren, Liaoning Province in Northeast China.

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Centralisation

Centralisation or centralization (see spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an entity or organization, particularly those regarding planning, decision-making and control of strategies and policies, become concentrated within a particular group, sector, department or region within that entity or organization.

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Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn

Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn (857–10th century) was a Korean philosopher and poet of the late medieval Unified Silla period (668-935).

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Charcoal

Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents.

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Cheongju

Cheongju is the capital and largest city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea.

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Cheonmachong

Cheonmachong, formerly Tomb No.155 in South Korea, is a tumulus located in Gyeongju, South Korea.

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Chinese Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism (p) is a Chinese form of Mahayana Buddhism which draws on the Chinese Buddhist canonJiang Wu, "The Chinese Buddhist Canon" in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, p. 299, Wiley-Blackwell (2014).

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Chinese language

Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China.

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Chinese literature

The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age.

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Confucianism

Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life.

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Dongmyeong of Goguryeo

Chumo, posthumously Chumo the Saint, was the founding monarch of the kingdom of Goguryeo, and was worshipped as a god-king by the people of Goguryeo and Goryeo.

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East Asia

East Asia is a geographical and cultural region of Asia including the countries of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.

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Eastern Ye

Ye or Dongye, which means the Eastern Ye, was a Korean chiefdom which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 3rd-century BC to around early 5th-century AD. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Eastern Ye are early Korean history.

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Emperor Gaozong of Tang

Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), personal name Li Zhi, was the third emperor of the Chinese Tang dynasty, ruling from 649 to 683; after January 665, he handed power over the empire to his second wife Empress Wu (the future Wu Zetian), and her decrees were carried out with greater force than the decrees of Emperor Gaozong's.

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Ethnohistory

Ethnohistory is the study of cultures and indigenous peoples customs by examining historical records as well as other sources of information on their lives and history.

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Ethnology

Ethnology (from the ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).

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Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys.

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Four Commanderies of Han

The Four Commanderies of Han were Chinese commanderies located in the north of the Korean Peninsula and part of the Liaodong Peninsula from around the end of the second century BC through the early 4th AD, for the longest lasting. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Four Commanderies of Han are early Korean history.

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Gaya confederacy

Gaya (Korean: 가야, Hanja: 加倻) was a Korean confederacy of territorial polities in the Nakdong River basin of southern Korea, growing out of the Byeonhan confederacy of the Samhan period.

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Geumgwan Gaya

Geumgwan Gaya (43–532), also known as Bon-Gaya (본가야, 本伽倻, "original Gaya") or Garakguk (가락국, "Garak State"), was the ruling city-state of the Gaya confederacy during the Three Kingdoms period in Korea.

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Geunchogo of Baekje

Geunchogo of Baekje, Chogo II of Baekje (324–375, r. 346–375) was the 13th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

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Gimhae

Gimhae is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, situated near the Nakdong River.

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Go of Balhae

Dae Joyeong (or; died 719) or Da Zuorong, also known as King Go (Chinese: Gao), established the state of Balhae, reigning from 699 to 719.

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Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) (high castle; Old Korean: Guryeo) also later known as Goryeo (high and beautiful; Middle Korean: 고ᇢ롕〮, kwòwlyéy), was a Korean kingdom which was located on the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of modern-day Northeast China (Manchuria). Three Kingdoms of Korea and Goguryeo are 668 disestablishments.

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Gojoseon

Gojoseon, also called Joseon, was the first kingdom on the Korean Peninsula. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Gojoseon are early Korean history.

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Gongju

Gongju is a city in South Chungcheong province, South Korea.

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Goryeo

Goryeo (Hanja: 高麗) was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Goryeo are former kingdoms.

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Grave goods

Grave goods, in archaeology and anthropology, are items buried along with a body.

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Gungnae

Gungnaeseong or Guonei was the capital of the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo, which was located in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula.

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Gwanggaeto the Great

Gwanggaeto the Great (374–413, r. 391–413) was the nineteenth monarch of Goguryeo.

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Gyeongju

Gyeongju (경주), historically known as Seorabeol (label), is a coastal city in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Gyeongju are 50s BC establishments and 57 BC.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.

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Hegemony

Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global.

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History of Buddhism in India

Buddhism is an ancient Indian religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One"), although Buddhist doctrine holds that there were other Buddhas before him.

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History of Korea

The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago.

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Hwangnyongsa

Hwangnyongsa, alternatively Hwangnyong Temple or Hwangryongsa, was a Buddhist temple in the city of Gyeongju, South Korea.

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Jangsu of Goguryeo

Jangsu of Goguryeo (394–491, r. 413–491) was the 20th monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

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Jeju Island

Jeju Island (Jeju/) is South Korea's largest island, covering an area of, which is 1.83% of the total area of the country.

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Ji'an, Jilin

Ji'an (formerly) is a county-level city in the southwestern part of Jilin province, People's Republic of China.

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Jinhan confederacy

Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD in the southern Korean Peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong River valley, Gyeongsang Province. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Jinhan confederacy are early Korean history.

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Joseon

Joseon, officially Great Joseon State, was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years.

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Kiln

A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes.

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Kofun period

The is an era in the history of Japan from about 300 to 538 AD (the date of the introduction of Buddhism), following the Yayoi period.

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Korea

Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.

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Korean architecture

Korean architecture refers to an architectural style that developed over centuries in Korea.

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Korean Buddhism

Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what its early practitioners saw as inconsistencies within the Mahayana Buddhist traditions that they received from foreign countries.

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Korean Empire

The Korean Empire, officially the Empire of Korea or Imperial Korea, was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by King Gojong of the Joseon dynasty.

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Korean influence on Japanese culture

Korean influence on Japanese culture refers to the impact of continental Asian influences transmitted through or originating in the Korean Peninsula on Japanese institutions, culture, language and society.

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Korean literature

Korean literature is the body of literature produced by Koreans, mostly in the Korean language and sometimes in Classical Chinese.

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Korean pottery and porcelain

Korean ceramic history begins with the oldest earthenware from around 8000 BC.

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Koreans

Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to Korea.

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Later Three Kingdoms

The Later Three Kingdoms period (889–936 AD) of ancient Korea saw a partial revival of the old three kingdoms which had dominated the peninsula from the 1st century BC to the 7th century. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Later Three Kingdoms are civil wars in Korea.

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Lelang Commandery

The Lelang Commandery was a commandery of the Han dynasty established after it had conquered Wiman Joseon in 108 BC and lasted until Goguryeo conquered it in 313.

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Liaodong Peninsula

The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region.

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Liaoning

Liaoning is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region.

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List of monarchs of Korea

This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty.

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Mahan confederacy

Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 1st century BC to 6th century AD in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong and Jeolla provinces. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Mahan confederacy are early Korean history.

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Mahayana

Mahāyāna is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices developed in ancient India (onwards).

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Manchuria

Manchuria is a term that refers to a region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China, and historically parts of the modern-day Russian Far East, often referred to as Outer Manchuria.

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Nakdong River

The Nakdong River or Nakdonggang is the longest river in South Korea, which passes through the major cities of Daegu and Busan.

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Northeast China

Northeast China, also historically called Manchuria or Songliao, is a geographical region of China.

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Okjeo

Okjeo was an ancient Korean tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Okjeo are early Korean history.

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OpenStax

OpenStax (formerly OpenStax College) is a nonprofit educational technology initiative based at Rice University.

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Phoenicia

Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.

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Pottery

Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other raw materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form.

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Protectorate General to Pacify the East

The Protectorate-General to Pacify the East was an administrative division of the Chinese Tang dynasty in Manchuria and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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Proto–Three Kingdoms period

The Proto–Three Kingdoms period (or Samhan period) refers to the proto-historical period in the Korean Peninsula, after the fall of Gojoseon and before the maturation of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla into full-fledged kingdoms.

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Pungnaptoseong

Earthen Fortification in Pungnap-dong, Seoul is a flat earthen wall built at the edge of the Han River in Korea.

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Pyongyang

Pyongyang (Hancha: 平壤, Korean: 평양) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea, where it is sometimes labeled as the "Capital of the Revolution".

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Records of the Three Kingdoms

The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE).

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Rescue archaeology

Rescue archaeology, sometimes called commercial archaeology, preventive archaeology, salvage archaeology, contract archaeology, developer-funded archaeology, or compliance archaeology, is state-sanctioned, archaeological survey and excavation carried out as part of the planning process in advance of construction or other land development.

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Russian Far East

The Russian Far East (p) is a region in North Asia.

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Sabi (Korea)

Sabi was the third and final capital of the Korean kingdom of Baekje, from 538 until Baekje’s fall in 660 CE.

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Samguk sagi

Samguk sagi is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla.

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Samguk yusa

Samguk yusa or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms is a collection of legends, folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla), as well as to other periods and states before, during and after the Three Kingdoms period.

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Samhan

Samhan, or Three Han, is the collective name of the Byeonhan, Jinhan, and Mahan confederacies that emerged in the first century BC during the Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea, or Samhan, period. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Samhan are early Korean history.

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Seoul

Seoul, officially Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest city of South Korea.

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Sericulture

Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.

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Shamanism

Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance.

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Silk Road transmission of Buddhism

Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road, beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE.

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Silla

Silla (Old Korean: 徐羅伐, Yale: Syerapel, RR: Seorabeol; IPA), was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE – 935 CE and located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Silla are 50s BC establishments and 57 BC.

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Silla–Tang War

The Silla–Tang War (670–676) occurred between the Silla kingdom of Korea (joined by Goguryeo and Baekje loyalists) and the Tang dynasty of China.

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Sociocultural evolution

Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or social evolution are theories of sociobiology and cultural evolution that describe how societies and culture change over time.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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Sui dynasty

The Sui dynasty was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 581 to 618.

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Taejo of Goryeo

Taejo (31 January 877 – 4 July 943), personal name Wang Kŏn, also known as Taejo Wang Kŏn, was the founder of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.

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Tamna

Tamna was a kingdom based on Jeju Island from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon dynasty in 1404, following a long period of being a tributary state or autonomous administrative region of various Korean kingdoms.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty (唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.

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Taoism

Taoism or Daoism is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao—generally understood as an impersonal, enigmatic process of transformation ultimately underlying reality.

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Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from 220 to 280 AD following the end of the Han dynasty. Three Kingdoms of Korea and Three Kingdoms are former kingdoms.

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Tibet

Tibet (Böd), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about.

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Tungusic peoples

Tungusic peoples are an ethnolinguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages (or Manchu–Tungus languages).

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Ulleungdo

Ulleungdo, also spelled Ulreungdo, is a South Korean island east of the Korean Peninsula in the Sea of Japan, formerly known as Dagelet Island or Argonaut Island in Europe.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea

Also known as 3 Kingdoms of Korea, Korea's Three Kingdoms Era, Korean Three Kingdoms, Samguk, Samguk Sidae, Three Kingdoms (Korea), Three Kingdoms period of Korea, .

, Ji'an, Jilin, Jinhan confederacy, Joseon, Kiln, Kofun period, Korea, Korean architecture, Korean Buddhism, Korean Empire, Korean influence on Japanese culture, Korean literature, Korean pottery and porcelain, Koreans, Later Three Kingdoms, Lelang Commandery, Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning, List of monarchs of Korea, Mahan confederacy, Mahayana, Manchuria, Nakdong River, Northeast China, Okjeo, OpenStax, Phoenicia, Pottery, Protectorate General to Pacify the East, Proto–Three Kingdoms period, Pungnaptoseong, Pyongyang, Records of the Three Kingdoms, Rescue archaeology, Russian Far East, Sabi (Korea), Samguk sagi, Samguk yusa, Samhan, Seoul, Sericulture, Shamanism, Silk Road transmission of Buddhism, Silla, Silla–Tang War, Sociocultural evolution, South Korea, Sui dynasty, Taejo of Goryeo, Tamna, Tang dynasty, Taoism, Three Kingdoms, Tibet, Tungusic peoples, Ulleungdo, UNESCO, Unified Silla, Usan, Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, Wa (Japan), Wiman Joseon, World Heritage Site, Writing system, Written Chinese, Wunü Mountain, Yalu River, Yellow Sea.

Three Kingdoms of Korea, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

50s BC establishments

57 BC

668 disestablishments

Civil wars in Korea

Early Korean history

References