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Thymidylate synthase, the Glossary

Index Thymidylate synthase

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 30 relations: Adenocarcinoma, Antimetabolite, Cell proliferation, Cellular differentiation, Chemotherapy, Dalton (unit), Deoxyribonucleotide, Deoxyuridine monophosphate, Dihydrofolic acid, DNA, Enzyme, Fluorouracil, Folinic acid, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Kinase, Messenger RNA, Methylation, Nucleotide, Oncogene, S phase, TFCP2, Thymidine, Thymidine kinase, Thymidine kinase in clinical chemistry, Thymidine monophosphate, Thymidylate kinase, Thymidylate synthase inhibitor, Transcription factor, Ultraviolet, 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate.

Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata; AC) is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body.

See Thymidylate synthase and Adenocarcinoma

An antimetabolite is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism.

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Cell proliferation

Cell proliferation is the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells.

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Cellular differentiation

Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.

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Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen.

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Dalton (unit)

The dalton or unified atomic mass unit (symbols: Da or u) is a non-SI unit of mass defined as of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest.

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Deoxyribonucleotide

A deoxyribonucleotide is a nucleotide that contains deoxyribose.

See Thymidylate synthase and Deoxyribonucleotide

Deoxyuridine monophosphate

Deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), also known as deoxyuridylic acid or deoxyuridylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a deoxynucleotide.

See Thymidylate synthase and Deoxyuridine monophosphate

Dihydrofolic acid

Dihydrofolic acid (conjugate base dihydrofolate) (DHF) is a folic acid (vitamin B9) derivative which is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid by dihydrofolate reductase.

See Thymidylate synthase and Dihydrofolic acid

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

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Fluorouracil

Fluorouracil (5-FU, 5-fluorouracil), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a cytotoxic chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.

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Folinic acid

Folinic acid, also known as leucovorin, is a medication used to decrease the toxic effects of methotrexate and pyrimethamine.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.

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Kinase

In biochemistry, a kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates.

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Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.

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Methylation

Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.

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Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

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Oncogene

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.

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S phase

S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase.

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TFCP2

Alpha-globin transcription factor CP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFCP2 gene.

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Thymidine

Thymidine (symbol dT or dThd), also known as deoxythymidine, deoxyribosylthymine, or thymine deoxyriboside, is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside.

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Thymidine kinase

Thymidine kinase is an enzyme, a phosphotransferase (a kinase): 2'-deoxythymidine kinase, ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21.

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Thymidine kinase in clinical chemistry

Thymidine kinase is an enzyme, a phosphotransferase (a kinase): 2'-deoxythymidine kinase, ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21 that catalyzes the reaction: Thd + ATP → TMP + ADP where Thd is (deoxy)thymidine, ATP is adenosine 5’-triphosphate, TMP is (deoxy)thymidine 5’-phosphate and ADP is adenosine 5’-diphosphate.

See Thymidylate synthase and Thymidine kinase in clinical chemistry

Thymidine monophosphate

Thymidine monophosphate (TMP), also known as thymidylic acid (conjugate base thymidylate), deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), or deoxythymidylic acid (conjugate base deoxythymidylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in DNA.

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Thymidylate kinase

Thymidylate kinase (dTMP kinase) catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (dTMP) to form thymidine 5'-diphosphate (dTDP) in the presence of ATP and magnesium: Thymidylate kinase is a ubiquitous enzyme of about 25 Kd and is important in the dTTP synthesis pathway for DNA synthesis.

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Thymidylate synthase inhibitor

Thymidylate synthase inhibitors are chemical agents which inhibit the enzyme thymidylate synthase and have potential as an anticancer chemotherapy.

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Transcription factor

In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.

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5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate (N5,N10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate; 5,10-CH2-THF) is cofactor in several biochemical reactions.

See Thymidylate synthase and 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidylate_synthase

Also known as 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45, TSase, TYMS, TYMS (gene), Thymidylate synthetase.