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Tibet under Qing rule, the Glossary

Tibet under Qing rule refers to the Qing dynasty's rule over Tibet from 1720 to 1912.^[1]

166 relations: Agvan Dorzhiev, Amban, Amdo, Anglo-Nepalese War, Anglo-Russian Convention, Ü-Tsang, Battle of the Salween River, Beijing, Bon, British Empire, British expedition to Tibet, Chagpori, Chamdo, Chiefdom of Bathang, Chiefdom of Lithang, Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720), Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910), Choghtu Khong Tayiji, Chumbi Valley, Company rule in India, Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet, Convention of Calcutta, Convention of Lhasa, Dalai Lama, Descent from Genghis Khan, Desi Sangye Gyatso, Dogra dynasty, Dogra–Tibetan war, Donyo Dorje, Drepung Monastery, Dzungar Khanate, Dzungar people, Dzungar–Qing Wars, East India Company, Eight Banners, Elliot Sperling, Empress Dowager Cixi, Galdan Boshugtu Khan, Ganden Phodrang, Gartok, Güshi Khan, Gelug, Golden Urn, Gorkha Kingdom, Great Game, Green Standard Army, Gyantse, Gyurme Namgyal, Hindi, Hindus, ... Expand index (116 more) »
1720 establishments in China
18th century in Tibet
1912 disestablishments in Asia
19th century in Tibet
20th century in Tibet
China–Tibet relations
States and territories disestablished in 1912
States and territories established in 1720

Agvan Dorzhiev

Agvan Lobsan Dorzhiev (1853 – 29 January 1938) was a Russian-born monk of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, sometimes referred by his scholarly title as Tsenyi Khempo. Tibet under Qing rule and Agvan Dorzhiev are history of Tibet.

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Amban

Amban (Manchu and Mongol: Амбан Amban, Tibetan: ཨམ་བན་am ben,, Uighur:ئامبان་am ben) is a Manchu language term meaning "high official", corresponding to a number of different official titles in the imperial government of Qing China.

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Amdo

Amdo is one of the three traditional Tibetan regions, the others being Ü-Tsang in central Tibet, and Kham in the east.

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Anglo-Nepalese War

The Anglo-Nepalese War (1 November 1814 – 4 March 1816), also known as the Gorkha War, was fought between the Gorkhali army of the Kingdom of Nepal (present-day Nepal) and the forces of the British East India Company (EIC).

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Anglo-Russian Convention

The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (g.), or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet (Конвенция между Соединенным Королевством и Россией относительно Персии, Афганистана, и Тибета; Konventsiya mezhdu Soyedinennym Korolevstvom i Rossiyey otnositel'no Persii, Afghanistana, i Tibeta), was signed on August 31, 1907, in Saint Petersburg.

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Ü-Tsang

Ü-Tsang (དབུས་གཙང་། Wylie; dbus gtsang) is one of the three Tibetan regions, the others being Amdo in the north-east, and Kham in the east.

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Battle of the Salween River

The Battle of the Salween River was fought in September 1718 close to the Nagqu (i.e., Salween River) in Tibet, between an expedition of the Qing dynasty to Lhasa and a Dzungar Khanate force that blocked its path.

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Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Bon

Bon or Bön, also known as Yungdrung Bon, is the indigenous Tibetan religion which shares many similarities and influences with Tibetan Buddhism.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British expedition to Tibet

The British expedition to Tibet, also known as the Younghusband expedition, began in December 1903 and lasted until September 1904.

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Chagpori

Chagpori, Chakpori, Chokpori, Chagpo Ri (literally "Iron Mountain") is a spirit-mountain of Vajrapani in Lhasa, Tibet.

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Chamdo

Chamdo, officially Qamdo and also known in Chinese as Changdu, is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

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Chiefdom of Bathang

Chiefdom of Bathang, or Chiefdom of Batang, was an autonomous Tusi chiefdom that ruled Bathang (present day Batang County of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) during the Qing dynasty period.

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Chiefdom of Lithang

Chiefdom of Lithang, or Chiefdom of Litang, was an autonomous Tusi chiefdom that ruled Litang (present day Litang County of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) during the Qing dynasty period.

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Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)

The 1720 Chinese expedition to Tibet or the Chinese conquest of Tibet in 1720 was a military expedition sent by the Qing dynasty to expel the invading forces of the Dzungar Khanate from Tibet and establish Qing rule over the region, which lasted until the empire's fall in 1912. Tibet under Qing rule and Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) are China–Tibet relations.

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Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)

In 1910, Qing China sent a military force of 2,000 troops to Tibet, then a Qing protectorate, ostensibly to assert imperial authority. Tibet under Qing rule and Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) are China–Tibet relations.

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Choghtu Khong Tayiji

Tümengken Tsoghtu Khong Tayiji (Classical Mongolian:, Tümengken čoγtu qong tayiǰi; modern Mongolian:,, Tümenkhen Tsogt Khun Taij;; 1581–1637), was a noble in Northern Khalkha.

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Chumbi Valley

The Chumbi Valley, called Dromo or Tromo in Tibetan, is a valley in the Himalayas that projects southwards from the Tibetan plateau, intervening between Sikkim and Bhutan.

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Company rule in India

Company rule in India (sometimes Company Raj, from lit) was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent.

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Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet

The Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet was a treaty signed between the Qing dynasty and the British Empire in 1906, as a follow-on to the 1904 Convention of Lhasa between the British Empire and Tibet. Tibet under Qing rule and Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet are 20th century in Tibet and China–Tibet relations.

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Convention of Calcutta

The Convention of Calcutta or Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1890, officially the Convention Between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet, was a treaty between Britain and Qing China relating to Tibet and the Kingdom of Sikkim.

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Convention of Lhasa

The Convention of Lhasa, officially the Convention Between Great Britain and Thibet, was a treaty signed in 1904 between Tibet and Great Britain, in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, then a protectorate of the Qing dynasty. Tibet under Qing rule and Convention of Lhasa are 20th century in Tibet.

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Dalai Lama

Dalai Lama is a title given by Altan Khan in 1578 AD at Yanghua Monastery to the foremost spiritual leader of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest and most dominant of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Descent from Genghis Khan

Descent from Genghis Khan in East Asia is well documented by Chinese sources.

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Desi Sangye Gyatso

Desi Sangye Gyatso (1653–1705) was the sixth regent (desi) of the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682) in the Ganden Phodrang government.

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Dogra dynasty

The Dogra dynasty of Dogra Rajputs from the Shivalik hills created Jammu and Kashmir when all dynastic kingdoms in India were being absorbed by the East India Company.

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Dogra–Tibetan war

The Dogra–Tibetan war or Sino-Sikh war was fought from May 1841 to August 1842, between the forces of the Dogra nobleman Gulab Singh of Jammu, under the suzerainty of the Sikh Empire, and those of Tibet, under the protectorate of the Qing dynasty.

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Donyo Dorje

Donyo Dorje (1463 – 23 March 1512) was the third and most powerful prince of the Rinpungpa Dynasty that held power in much of Central Tibet from 1479 to 1512.

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Drepung Monastery

Drepung Monastery ("Rice Heap Monastery"), located at the foot of Mount Gephel, is one of the "great three" Gelug university gompas (monasteries) of Tibet.

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Dzungar Khanate

The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate or Junggar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin.

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Dzungar people

The Dzungar people (also written as Zunghar or Junggar; from the Mongolian words, meaning 'left hand') are the many Mongol Oirat tribes who formed and maintained the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th and 18th centuries.

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Dzungar–Qing Wars

The Dzungar–Qing Wars (Зүүнгар-Чин улсын дайн) were a decades-long series of conflicts that pitted the Dzungar Khanate against the Qing dynasty and its Mongol vassals. Tibet under Qing rule and Dzungar–Qing Wars are history of Tibet.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.

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The Eight Banners (in Manchu: jakūn gūsa,, ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ) were administrative and military divisions under the Later Jin and Qing dynasties of China into which all Manchu households were placed.

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Elliot Sperling

Elliot Sperling (January 4, 1951 – January 29, 2017) was one of the world's leading historians of Tibet and Tibetan-Chinese relations, and a MacArthur Fellow.

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Empress Dowager Cixi

Empress Dowager Cixi (29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908.

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Galdan Boshugtu Khan

Erdeniin Galdan (1644–3 May 1697, Галдан Бошигт хаан), known as Galdan Boshugtu Khan (in Mongolian script) was a Choros Dzungar-Oirat khan of the Dzungar Khanate.

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Ganden Phodrang

The Ganden Phodrang or Ganden Podrang was the Tibetan system of government established by the 5th Dalai Lama in 1642, when the Oirat lord Güshi Khan who founded the Khoshut Khanate conferred all spiritual and political power in Tibet to him in a ceremony in Shigatse. Tibet under Qing rule and Ganden Phodrang are 18th century in Tibet, 19th century in Tibet, 20th century in Tibet and history of Tibet.

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Gartok

Gartok is made of twin encampment settlements of Gar Günsa and Gar Yarsa (Wade–Giles: Ka-erh-ya-sha) in the Gar County in the Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. Tibet under Qing rule and Gartok are history of Tibet.

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Güshi Khan

Güshi Khan (1582 – 14 January 1655) was a Khoshut prince and founder of the Khoshut Khanate, who supplanted the Tumed descendants of Altan Khan as the main benefactor of the Dalai Lama and the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Gelug

Bodhgaya (India). The Gelug (also Geluk; 'virtuous')Kay, David N. (2007).

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Golden Urn

The Golden Urn is a method for selecting Tibetan reincarnations by drawing lots or tally sticks from a Golden Urn introduced by the Qing dynasty of China in 1793.

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Gorkha Kingdom

The Gorkha Kingdom (Gōrakhā Rājya) was a member of the Chaubisi rajya, a confederation of 24 states, located at the intersection of Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent.

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Great Game

The Great Game was a rivalry between the 19th-century British and Russian empires over influence in Central Asia, primarily in Afghanistan, Persia, and Tibet.

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Green Standard Army

The Green Standard Army (Manchu: niowanggiyan turun i kūwaran) was the name of a category of military units under the control of Qing dynasty in China.

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Gyantse

Gyantse, officially Gyangzê Town (also spelled Gyangtse), is a town located in Gyantse County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

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Gyurme Namgyal

Gyurme Namgyal (died 11 November 1750) was a ruling prince of Tibet of the Pholha family.

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Hindi

Modern Standard Hindi (आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script.

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Hindus

Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.

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History of Tibet

While the Tibetan plateau has been inhabited since pre-historic times, most of Tibet's history went unrecorded until the creation of Tibetan script in the 7th century.

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Hor States

The Hor States, also known as the Horpa States, were a group of five principalities located in the Tibetan region of Kham that existed from the 14th century to the mid-1900s. Tibet under Qing rule and Hor States are history of Tibet.

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Independence

Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory.

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Indirect rule

Indirect rule was a system of governance used by imperial powers to control parts of their empires.

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Jinsha River

The Jinsha River (Tibetan: Dri Chu, འབྲི་ཆུ, Axhuo Shyxyy) or Lu river, is the Chinese name for the upper stretches of the Yangtze River.

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Kangding

Kangding, also called Tachienlu and Dartsedo, is a county-level city and the seat of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province of Southwest China.

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Kangxi Emperor

The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 165420 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

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Karma Tenkyong

Karma Tenkyong (1606 – Neu, Central Tibet, 1642), in full Karma Tenkyong Wangpo, was a king of Tibet who ruled from 1620 to 1642. Tibet under Qing rule and Karma Tenkyong are history of Tibet.

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Karmapa

The Gyalwa Karmapa (honorific title: His Holiness the Gyalwa (label) Karmapa, more formally as Gyalwang (label) Karmapa, and informally as the Karmapa Lama) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyu school, itself one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kashag

The Kashag was the governing council of Tibet during the rule of the Qing dynasty and post-Qing period until the 1950s. Tibet under Qing rule and Kashag are history of Tibet.

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Kathmandu

Kathmandu, officially Kathmandu Metropolitan City, is the capital and most populous city of Nepal with 845,767 inhabitants living in 105,649 households as of the 2021 Nepal census and approximately 4 million people in its urban agglomeration.

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Kathmandu Valley

The Kathmandu Valley (काठमाडौं उपत्यका), also known as the Nepal Valley or Nepa Valley (नेपाः उपत्यका, Nepal Bhasa: 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐵𑑅, नेपाः गाः), National Capital Area, is a bowl-shaped valley located in the Himalayan mountains of Nepal.

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Khalkha Mongols

The Khalkha or Kalka (Halh, Mongolian script:, Kè-ěr-kè) have been the largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia since the 15th century.

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Kham

Kham is one of the three traditional Tibetan regions, the others being Amdo in the northeast, while Ü-Tsang in central Tibet and Ngari in western Tibet together form the third region.

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Khangchenné

Khangchenné Sonam Gyalpo (died 5 August 1727) was the first important representative of the noble house Gashi in Tibet.

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Khong Tayiji

Khong Tayiji (ᠬᠤᠩᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ, хун тайж), also spelled Qong Tayiji, was a title of the Mongols, derived from the Chinese term Huangtaizi (皇太子; "crown prince").

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Khoshut

The Khoshut (Mongolian: Хошууд,, qoşūd,; literally "bannermen," from Middle Mongolian qosighu "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people.

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Khoshut Khanate

The Khoshut Khanate was a Mongol Oirat khanate based in the Tibetan Plateau from 1642 to 1717. Tibet under Qing rule and Khoshut Khanate are history of Tibet.

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Kingdom of Chakla

Kingdom of Chakla or Chala was a kingdom in the Tibetan region of Kham. Tibet under Qing rule and kingdom of Chakla are history of Tibet.

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Kingdom of Derge

The Kingdom of Derge was a large kingdom in Kham, whose estate was founded in the 13th century by the Gar Clan of Sonam Rinchen in present day Pelyul County. Tibet under Qing rule and kingdom of Derge are history of Tibet.

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Kongpo

Kongpo is a region of central-eastern Tibet, centered in modern Gongbo'gyamda County, Nyingchi Prefecture.

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Kowtow

A kowtow (Chinese: 叩头, Pinyin: kòutóu) is the act of deep respect shown by prostration, that is, kneeling and bowing so low as to have one's head touching the ground.

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Kumbum

A Kumbum ("one hundred thousand holy images") is a multi-storied aggregate of Buddhist chapels in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lha-bzang Khan

Lha-bzang Khan (Mongolian: Lazang Haan; alternatively, Lhazang or Lapsangn or Lajang; d.1717) was the ruler of the Khoshut (also spelled Qoshot, Qośot, or Qosot) tribe of the Oirats.

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Lhasa

Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

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Lhasa riot of 1750

The Lhasa riot of 1750 or Lhasa uprising of 1750 took place in the Tibetan capital Lhasa, and lasted several days during the period of the Qing dynasty's patronage in Tibet. Tibet under Qing rule and Lhasa riot of 1750 are 18th century in Tibet and history of Tibet.

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Lifan Yuan

The Lifan Yuan (Mongolian: Гадаад Монголын төрийг засахявдлын яам, γadaγadu mongγul un törü-yi jasaqu yabudal-un yamun) was an agency in the government of the Qing dynasty of China which administered the empire's Inner Asian territories such as Mongolia and oversaw the appointments of Ambans in Tibet. Tibet under Qing rule and Lifan Yuan are history of Tibet.

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List of emperors of the Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) was a Manchu-led imperial Chinese dynasty and the last imperial dynasty of China.

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List of rulers of Tibet

This article lists the rulers of Tibet from the beginning of legendary history. Tibet under Qing rule and list of rulers of Tibet are history of Tibet.

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Litang County

Litang is in southwest of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China.

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Lobsang Yeshe, 5th Panchen Lama

Lobsang Yeshe (also written Lobsang Yeshi) (1663–1737) was the fifth Panchen Lama of Tibet.

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Manchu people

The Manchus are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia.

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Manchuria under Qing rule

Manchuria under Qing rule was the rule of the Qing dynasty of China (and its predecessor the Later Jin dynasty) over the greater region of Manchuria, including today's Northeast China and Outer Manchuria, although Outer Manchuria was lost to the Russian Empire after the Amur Annexation. Tibet under Qing rule and Manchuria under Qing rule are states and territories disestablished in 1912.

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Manjushri

Manjushri (Mañjuśrī) is a bodhisattva who represents prajñā (transcendent wisdom) of the Buddhas in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Mark Elliott (historian)

Mark C. Elliott (Chinese name) is the Mark Schwartz Professor of Chinese and Inner Asian History at Harvard University, where he is Vice Provost for International Affairs.

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Mekong

The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia.

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Melvyn Goldstein

Melvyn C. Goldstein (born February 8, 1938) is an American social anthropologist and Tibet scholar.

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Ming–Tibet relations

The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. Tibet under Qing rule and Ming–Tibet relations are history of Tibet.

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Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

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Mongolia under Qing rule

Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian Plateau, including the four Outer Mongolian aimags ("leagues") and the six Inner Mongolian aimags from the 17th century to the end of the dynasty. Tibet under Qing rule and Mongolia under Qing rule are states and territories disestablished in 1912.

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Mongols

The Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China (majority in Inner Mongolia), as well as Buryatia and Kalmykia of Russia.

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Nepal

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.

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Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)

The Nepal–Tibet War (नेपाल-भोट युद्ध) of 1855–1856 was fought in Tibet between the forces of the Tibetan government (then a protectorate of the Qing dynasty) and the invading Nepalese army, resulting in huge loss of money and manpower for Tibet and Nepal.

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Ngari Prefecture

Ngari Prefecture or Ali Prefecture is a prefecture of China's Tibet Autonomous Region covering Western Tibet, whose traditional name is Ngari Khorsum.

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Nyarong

Nyarong is a Tibetan historical river valley region located in Eastern Kham. Tibet under Qing rule and Nyarong are history of Tibet and Qing dynasty.

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Nyingma

Nyingma, often referred to as Ngangyur, is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Oirats

Oirats (Ойрад, Oirad) or Oirds (Ойрд, Oird; Өөрд; 瓦剌, Wǎlà/Wǎlā), also formerly Eluts and Eleuths (厄魯特, Èlǔtè), are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia.

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Panchen Lama

The Panchen Lama is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

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Polhané Sönam Topgyé

Polhané Sönam Topgyé (1689 – 12 March 1747) was one of the most important political personalities of Tibet in the first half of the 18th century.

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Priest and patron relationship

The priest and patron relationship, also written as priest-patron or cho-yon, is the Tibetan political theory that the relationship between Tibet and China referred to a symbiotic link between a spiritual leader and a lay patron, such as the historic relationship between the Dalai Lama and the Qing emperor. Tibet under Qing rule and priest and patron relationship are history of Tibet.

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Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal

Prince Bahadur Shah (बहादुर शाह) was the youngest son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah of modern Nepal.

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Protectorate

A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law.

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Punitive expedition

A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union.

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Qianlong Emperor

The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history. Tibet under Qing rule and Qing dynasty are history of Tibet and states and territories disestablished in 1912.

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Qing dynasty in Inner Asia

The Qing dynasty in Inner Asia was the expansion of the Qing dynasty's realm in Inner Asia in the 17th and the 18th century AD, including both Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, both Manchuria (Northeast China) and Outer Manchuria, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang. Tibet under Qing rule and Qing dynasty in Inner Asia are history of Tibet.

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Qinghai

Qinghai is an inland province in Northwestern China. It is the largest province of China (excluding autonomous regions) by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xining. Qinghai borders Gansu on the northeast, Xinjiang on the northwest, Sichuan on the southeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region on the southwest.

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Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.

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Revolt of the Three Feudatories

The Revolt of the Three Feudatories, also known as the Rebellion of Wu Sangui, was a rebellion lasting from 1673 to 1681 in early Qing dynasty of China, during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722).

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Rupee

Rupee is the common name for the currencies of India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and of former currencies of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee), British East Africa, Burma, German East Africa (as Rupie/Rupien), and Tibet.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Shigatse

Shigatse, officially known as Xigazê, or Rikaze, is a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.

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Shunzhi Emperor

The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizu of Qing, personal name Fulin, was the second emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

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Sichuan

Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south.

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Sikkim

Sikkim is a state in northeastern India.

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Simla Convention

The Simla Convention (Traditional Chinese: 西姆拉條約; Simplified Chinese: 西姆拉条约), officially the Convention Between Great Britain, China, and Tibet,, Tibet Justice Center. Tibet under Qing rule and Simla Convention are China–Tibet relations and history of Tibet.

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Sino-Nepalese War

The Sino-Nepalese War (नेपाल-चीन युद्ध), also known as the Sino-Gorkha War and in Chinese as the campaign of Gorkha, was a war fought between the Qing dynasty of China and the Kingdom of Nepal in the late 18th century following an invasion of Tibet by the Nepalese Gorkhas. Tibet under Qing rule and Sino-Nepalese War are 18th century in Tibet.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.

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Sonam Rapten

Sönam Rapten (bsod nams rab brtan; 1595–1658), initially known as Gyalé Chödze and later on as Sönam Chöpel, was born in the Tholung valley in the Central Tibetan province of Ü.

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Sovereignty

Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority.

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Suzerainty

Suzerainty includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

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Sven Hedin

Sven Anders Hedin, KNO1kl RVO,Wennerholm, Eric (1978) Sven Hedin – En biografi, Bonniers, Stockholm (19 February 1865 – 26 November 1952) was a Swedish geographer, topographer, explorer, photographer, travel writer and illustrator of his own works. Tibet under Qing rule and Sven Hedin are history of Tibet.

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Taiwan under Qing rule

The Qing dynasty ruled over the island of Taiwan from 1683 to 1895.

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Tashi Lhunpo Monastery

Tashi Lhunpo Monastery is an historically and culturally important monastery in Shigatse, the second-largest city in Tibet.

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Thangka

A thangka (Tibetan: ཐང་ཀ་; Nepal Bhasa: पौभा) is a Tibetan Buddhist painting on cotton, silk appliqué, usually depicting a Buddhist deity, scene, or mandala.

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Tibet

Tibet (Böd), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about.

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Tibet (1912–1951)

Tibet was a de facto independent state in East Asia that lasted from the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912 until its annexation by the People's Republic of China in 1951. Tibet under Qing rule and Tibet (1912–1951) are 20th century in Tibet and history of Tibet.

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Tibet Justice Center

Tibet Justice Center, (TJC, formerly International Committee of Lawyers for Tibet, ICLT) is an American legal association founded in 1989 that advocates human rights and self-determination for the Tibetan people.

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Tibet under Yuan rule

Tibet under Yuan rule refers to the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty's rule over Tibet from approximately 1270 to 1354. Tibet under Qing rule and Tibet under Yuan rule are China–Tibet relations and history of Tibet.

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Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism is a form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet, Bhutan and Mongolia.

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Treaty of Thapathali

The Treaty of Thapathali was a treaty signed between the Tibetan government of Ganden Phodrang (then a protectorate of the Qing dynasty) and the Kingdom of Nepal in Thapathali Durbar in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, following the Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856).

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Tributary state

A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain).

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Tusi

Tusi, often translated as "headmen" or "chieftains", were hereditary tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties of China, and the Later Lê and Nguyễn dynasties of Vietnam. Tibet under Qing rule and Tusi are history of Tibet.

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Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар,, "Red Hero"), previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia.

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Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.

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Wang Lixiong

Wang Lixiong (born 2 May 1953) is a Chinese writer and scholar, best known for his political prophecy fiction, Yellow Peril, and for his writings on Tibet and provocative analysis of China's western region of Xinjiang.

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Wu Sangui

Wu Sangui (8 June 1612 – 2 October 1678), courtesy name Changbai (長白) or Changbo (長伯), was a Chinese military leader who played a key role in the fall of the Ming dynasty and the founding of the Qing dynasty.

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Wuchang Uprising

The Wuchang Uprising was an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty that took place in Wuchang (now Wuchang District of Wuhan), Hubei, China on 10 October 1911, beginning the Xinhai Revolution that successfully overthrew China's last imperial dynasty.

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Xinhai Lhasa turmoil

The Xinhai Lhasa turmoil was an ethnic clash in Lhasa, Tibet, as well as a series of mutinies following the Wuchang Uprising. Tibet under Qing rule and Xinhai Lhasa turmoil are history of Tibet.

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Xining

Xining is the capital of Qinghai province in western China and the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau.

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Xinjiang

Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.

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Xinjiang under Qing rule

The Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China ruled over Xinjiang from the late 1750s to 1912. Tibet under Qing rule and Xinjiang under Qing rule are states and territories disestablished in 1912.

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Yadong County

Yadong County, also known by its Tibetan name Dromo/Tromo County is a frontier county and trade-market of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, part of its Shigatse Prefecture.

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Yangtze

Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Eurasia, the third-longest in the world.

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Yeshe Gyatso

Yeshe Gyatso (1686–1725) was a pretender for the position of the 6th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

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Yongzheng Emperor

The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizong of Qing, personal name Yinzhen, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Mongolian:, Yeke Yuwan Ulus, literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its ''de facto'' division.

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Yue Fei

Yue Fei (March 24, 1103 – January 28, 1142), courtesy name Pengju (鵬舉), was a Chinese military general of the Song dynasty and is remembered as a patriotic national hero, known for leading its forces in the wars in the 12th century between Southern Song and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in northern China.

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Yue Zhongqi

Yue Zhongqi (1686–1754) was a Chinese military commander of the Qing dynasty.

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Yunnan

Yunnan is an inland province in Southwestern China.

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Zhao Erfeng

Zhao Erfeng (1845–1911), courtesy name Jihe, was a late Qing Dynasty official and Han Chinese bannerman who belonged to the Plain Blue Banner. Tibet under Qing rule and Zhao Erfeng are history of Tibet.

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10th Dalai Lama

Ngawang Lobzang Jampel Tsultrim Gyatso (ngag dbang blo bzang 'jam dpal tshul khrims rgya mtsho) or Tsultrim Gyatso (29 March 1816 – 30 September 1837) was the 10th Dalai Lama of Tibet, and born in Chamdo.

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11th Dalai Lama

Khedrup Gyatso (1 November 1838 – 31 January 1856) was the 11th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

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12th Dalai Lama

Trinley Gyatso (also spelled Trinle Gyatso and Thinle Gyatso; 28 December 1856 – 25 April 1875) was the 12th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

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13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet

The 13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet defined the political system of Tibet during the Qing dynasty of China. Tibet under Qing rule and 13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet are history of Tibet.

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13th Dalai Lama

Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal, abbreviated to Thubten Gyatso (12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet, enthroned during a turbulent era and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.

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14th Dalai Lama

The 14th Dalai Lama (spiritual name: Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, also known as Tenzin Gyatso;; born 6 July 1935) is, as the incumbent Dalai Lama, the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibetan Buddhism.

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1911

A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole.

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1911 Revolution

The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China.

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29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet

The 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet was an imperial decree concerning the governance of Tibet that was supposedly issued by the Qianlong Emperor of China's Qing dynasty in 1793. Tibet under Qing rule and 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet are history of Tibet.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule

Also known as Qing Tibet, Qing administrative rule of Tibet, Qing rule of Tibet, Qing's Tibetan subjects, Tibet under Qing administrative rule.

, History of Tibet, Hor States, Independence, Indirect rule, Jinsha River, Kangding, Kangxi Emperor, Karma Tenkyong, Karmapa, Kashag, Kathmandu, Kathmandu Valley, Khalkha Mongols, Kham, Khangchenné, Khong Tayiji, Khoshut, Khoshut Khanate, Kingdom of Chakla, Kingdom of Derge, Kongpo, Kowtow, Kumbum, Lha-bzang Khan, Lhasa, Lhasa riot of 1750, Lifan Yuan, List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, List of rulers of Tibet, Litang County, Lobsang Yeshe, 5th Panchen Lama, Manchu people, Manchuria under Qing rule, Manjushri, Mark Elliott (historian), Mekong, Melvyn Goldstein, Ming–Tibet relations, Mongolia, Mongolia under Qing rule, Mongols, Nepal, Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856), Ngari Prefecture, Nyarong, Nyingma, Oirats, Panchen Lama, Persian language, Polhané Sönam Topgyé, Priest and patron relationship, Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal, Protectorate, Punitive expedition, Qianlong Emperor, Qing dynasty, Qing dynasty in Inner Asia, Qinghai, Republic of China (1912–1949), Revolt of the Three Feudatories, Rupee, Russian Empire, Shigatse, Shunzhi Emperor, Sichuan, Sikkim, Simla Convention, Sino-Nepalese War, Smallpox, Sonam Rapten, Sovereignty, Suzerainty, Sven Hedin, Taiwan under Qing rule, Tashi Lhunpo Monastery, Thangka, Tibet, Tibet (1912–1951), Tibet Justice Center, Tibet under Yuan rule, Tibetan Buddhism, Treaty of Thapathali, Tributary state, Tusi, Ulaanbaatar, Vassal state, Wang Lixiong, Wu Sangui, Wuchang Uprising, Xinhai Lhasa turmoil, Xining, Xinjiang, Xinjiang under Qing rule, Yadong County, Yangtze, Yeshe Gyatso, Yongzheng Emperor, Yuan dynasty, Yue Fei, Yue Zhongqi, Yunnan, Zhao Erfeng, 10th Dalai Lama, 11th Dalai Lama, 12th Dalai Lama, 13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet, 13th Dalai Lama, 14th Dalai Lama, 1911, 1911 Revolution, 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet, 5th Dalai Lama, 6th Dalai Lama, 7th Dalai Lama, 8th Dalai Lama, 9th Dalai Lama.

Tibet under Qing rule, the Glossary

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