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Toghon Temür, the Glossary

Index Toghon Temür

Toghon Temür (Тогоонтөмөр.; Mongolian script:;; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Yuan bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty and by his posthumous name as the Emperor Shun of Yuan bestowed by the Ming dynasty, was the last emperor of the Yuan dynasty and later the first emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 102 relations: Altai Mountains, Archbishop, Arslan Khan (prince), Ashikaga shogunate, Asud, Babusha, Basalawarmi, Bayan Khutugh, Bayan of the Merkid, Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara, Bolad Temür, Borjigin, Budashiri, Buddhism, Central Asia, Chen Han, China proper, Chinese era name, Chinese people, Concubinage, Confucius, Crimea, Crown prince, Danashri, Division of the Mongol Empire, Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, El Temür, Emperor Gong of Song, Emperor of China, Empress Gi, Empress Ki (TV series), Erdeniin Tobchi, Gansu, Giovanni de' Marignolli, Gokbu Gong clan, Goryeo, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gyoha No clan, Haengju Ki clan, Herbert Franke (sinologist), Hongwu Emperor, Imperial examination, Inner Mongolia, Japan, Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür, Ji Chang-wook, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), John of Montecorvino, Jonang, ... Expand index (52 more) »

  2. 1320 births
  3. 14th-century Chinese monarchs
  4. 14th-century Mongol khans
  5. Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
  6. Great Khans of the Mongol Empire
  7. Mongolian Buddhist monarchs
  8. Northern Yuan khans
  9. Yuan dynasty Buddhists

Altai Mountains

The Altai Mountains, also spelled Altay Mountains, are a mountain range in Central Asia and Eastern Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan converge, and where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their headwaters.

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Archbishop

In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office.

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Arslan Khan (prince)

Arslan Khan was a prince of the Karluks.

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Ashikaga shogunate

The, also known as the, was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.

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Asud

The Asud (Mongolian Cyrillic: Асуд, IPA: //) were a military group of Alani origin.

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Babusha

Babusha (died 1330) was a Naiman empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to the Khutughtu Khan (Emperor Mingzong).

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Basalawarmi

Basalawarmi (ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠸᠠᠷᠮᠠᠢ,, died January 6, 1382), commonly known by his hereditary noble title, the Prince of Liang, was a Yuan dynasty prince and loyalist who fought against the Ming dynasty.

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Bayan Khutugh

Bayan Khutugh (1324–1365), also Bayan Qudu (Pai-yen Hu-tu; Mongolian script: ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ), was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty as the second wife of Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong).

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Bayan of the Merkid

Bayan of the Merkid (died 1340), or Bayan, was a Mongol general of the Merkid clan and an official in the Yuan dynasty.

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Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara

Biligtü Khan (Билэгт), born Ayushiridara (Аюушридар;;; आयुष्य तल् means preservative of life), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan (23 January 1340 – April or May 1378), was an emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1370 to 1378. Toghon Temür and Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara are 14th-century Chinese monarchs, 14th-century Mongol khans, emperors of the Yuan dynasty and northern Yuan khans.

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Bolad Temür

Bolad Temür (? – 1365) was a warlord of the Yuan dynasty of China.

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Borjigin

A Borjigin is a member of the Mongol sub-clan that started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century.Humphrey & Sneath, p. 27. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Toghon Temür and Borjigin are emperors of the Yuan dynasty.

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Budashiri

Budashiri or Buddhashiri (Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳᠢᠰᠢᠷᠢ,, Sinicized as Putashali, 卜答失里) (born c. 1307 – died c. 1340) was Empress of China and Khatun of Mongols as the wife of Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. Toghon Temür and Budashiri are Yuan dynasty Buddhists.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

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Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

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Chen Han

Chen Han (1360–1364), officially the Great Han, was a short-lived Chinese dynasty in the middle Yangtze region during the chaotic late Yuan dynasty.

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China proper

China proper, also called Inner China are terms used primarily in the West in reference to the traditional "core" regions of China centered in the southeast.

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Chinese era name

Chinese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering.

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Chinese people

The Chinese people, or simply Chinese, are people or ethnic groups identified with China, usually through ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliation.

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Concubinage

Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship between two people in which the couple does not want to, or cannot, enter into a full marriage.

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Confucius

Confucius (孔子; pinyin), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages, as well as the first teacher in China to advocate for mass education.

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Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.

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Crown prince

A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

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Danashri

Danashiri (died 1335) was an empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to Toghon Temür.

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Division of the Mongol Empire

The division of the Mongol Empire began after Möngke Khan died in 1259 in the siege of Diaoyu Castle with no declared successor, precipitating infighting between members of the Tolui family line for the title of khagan that escalated into the Toluid Civil War.

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Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen

Dölpopa Shérap Gyeltsen (1292–1361), known simply as Dölpopa, was a Tibetan Buddhist master.

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El Temür

El Temür (Mongolian:; died 1333) was an ethnic Kipchak official of the Yuan dynasty.

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Emperor Gong of Song

Emperor Gong of Song (2 November 1271 – 1323), personal name Zhao Xian, was the 16th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the seventh emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. Toghon Temür and emperor Gong of Song are Child monarchs from Asia and Chinese Buddhist monarchs.

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Emperor of China

Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" was the superlative title held by the monarchs who ruled various imperial dynasties or Chinese empires.

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Empress Gi

Empress Gi or Empress Ki (1315–1369(?)), also known as Empress Qi or Öljei Khutuk (Mongolian: Өлзийхутаг), was a Goryeo-born empress consort of the Yuan dynasty. Toghon Temür and empress Gi are 1370 deaths.

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Empress Ki (TV series)

Empress Ki is a 2013–2014 South Korean historical drama television series starring Ha Ji-won as the titular Empress Ki.

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Erdeniin Tobchi

The Erdeniin Tobchi (summary of the Khans' treasure) is a national chronicle of the Mongols written by Saghang Sechen in 1662.

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Gansu

Gansu is an inland province in Northwestern China.

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Giovanni de' Marignolli

Giovanni de' Marignolli (Johannes Marignola;.), variously anglicized as John of Marignolli or John of Florence, was a notable 14th-century Catholic European traveller to medieval China and India.

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Gokbu Gong clan

The Gokbu Gong clan is one of the Korean clans originally from China.

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Goryeo

Goryeo (Hanja: 高麗) was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392.

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Guangxi

Guangxi, officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, and Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the Gulf of Tonkin.

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Guizhou

Guizhou is an inland province in Southwestern China.

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Gyoha No clan

The Gyoha No clan is a Korean clan.

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Haengju Ki clan

Haengju Ki clan is a Korean clan.

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Herbert Franke (sinologist)

Herbert Franke (27 September 1914 – 10 June 2011) was a German historian of China.

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Hongwu Emperor

Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328– 24 June 1398), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Ming, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, courtesy name Guorui, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1368 to 1398. Toghon Temür and Hongwu Emperor are 14th-century Chinese monarchs, Chinese Buddhist monarchs and founding monarchs.

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Imperial examination

The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.

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Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür

Jayaatu Khan (Mongolian: Заяат хаан; Jayaγatu qaγan), born Tugh Temür (Mongolian: Төвтөмөр), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Wenzong of Yuan (16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332), was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty of China. Toghon Temür and Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür are 14th-century Chinese monarchs, 14th-century Mongol khans, Chinese Buddhist monarchs, emperors of the Yuan dynasty, great Khans of the Mongol Empire, Mongolian Buddhist monarchs and Yuan dynasty Buddhists.

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Ji Chang-wook

Ji Chang-wook (born 5 July 1987) is a South Korean actor and singer.

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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234 founded by Emperor Taizu (first).

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John of Montecorvino

John of Montecorvino or Giovanni da Montecorvino in Italian (1247 – 1328) was an Italian Franciscan missionary, traveller and statesman, founder of the earliest Latin Catholic missions in India and China, and archbishop of Peking.

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Jonang

The Jonang is a school of Indo-Tibetan Buddhism.

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Karakorum

Karakorum (Khalkha Mongolian: Хархорум, Kharkhorum; Mongolian script:, Qaraqorum) was the capital of the Mongol Empire between 1235 and 1260 and of the Northern Yuan dynasty in the 14–15th centuries.

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Karluks

The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, 𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸, Qarluq, Para-Mongol: Harluut, t Géluólù; customary phonetic: Gelu, Khololo, Khorlo, خَلُّخ, Khallokh, قارلوق Qarluq) were a prominent nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in the regions of Kara-Irtysh (Black Irtysh) and the Tarbagatai Mountains west of the Altay Mountains in Central Asia.

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Karma Kagyu

Karma Kagyu, or Kamtsang Kagyu, is a widely practiced and probably the second-largest lineage within the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Karmapa

The Gyalwa Karmapa (honorific title: His Holiness the Gyalwa (label) Karmapa, more formally as Gyalwang (label) Karmapa, and informally as the Karmapa Lama) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyu school, itself one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Köke Temür

Köke Temür (Mongolian: ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ, Köketemür, Хөхтөмөр; died 1375), sinicized name Wang Baobao, was a prominent general of the Yuan dynasty of China.

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Khagan

Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or Khagan; 𐰴𐰍𐰣) is a title of imperial rank in Turkic, Mongolic, and some other languages, equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire).

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Khanbaliq

Khanbaliq (style, Qaɣan balɣasu) or Dadu of Yuan (ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠤ, Dayidu) was the winter capital of the Yuan dynasty of China in what is now Beijing, the capital of China today.

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Khongirad

The Khongirad (ᠬᠣᠩᠭᠢᠷᠠᠳ Хонгирад; Qoñyrat) was one of the major divisions of the Mongol tribes.

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Khutughtu Khan Kusala

Khutughtu Khan (Хутагт хаан; Mongolian script), born Kuśala (Mongolian: Хүслэн;; कुशल, meaning "virtuous"/"wholesome"), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Mingzong of Yuan (22 December 1300 – 30 August 1329), was a son of Khayishan (Emperor Wuzong) who seized the throne of the Yuan dynasty of China in 1329, but died soon after. Toghon Temür and Khutughtu Khan Kusala are 14th-century Chinese monarchs, 14th-century Mongol khans, Chinese Buddhist monarchs, emperors of the Yuan dynasty, great Khans of the Mongol Empire, Mongolian Buddhist monarchs and Yuan dynasty Buddhists.

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Korea

Korea (translit in South Korea, or label in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (label in South Korea, or label in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands.

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Koreans

Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to Korea.

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Liang (realm)

Liang was a traditional Chinese fief centered on present-day Kaifeng.

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Liao dynasty

The Liao dynasty (Khitan: Mos Jælud), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur), officially the Great Liao, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people.

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List of Chinese monarchs

The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during its Ancient and Imperial periods.

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List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty

The following is a list of emperors of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Toghon Temür and list of emperors of the Yuan dynasty are emperors of the Yuan dynasty.

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List of Mongol rulers

The following is a list of Mongol rulers.

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List of Northern Yuan khans

The following is a list of khagans of the Northern Yuan Dynasty (1368–1388) and the Period of small khans (Döchin Dörben, 1388–1635) based in Northern China and the Mongolian Plateau. Toghon Temür and list of Northern Yuan khans are northern Yuan khans.

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Long (surname 龍)

Long is the pinyin romanization of a few Chinese surnames.

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Mandate of Heaven

The Mandate of Heaven is a Chinese political ideology that was used in Ancient China and Imperial China to legitimize the rule of the king or emperor of China.

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Michael Prawdin

Michael Prawdin was the pseudonym of Michael Charol (20 January 1894 – 23 December 1970), a Russian-German historical writer.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.

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Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

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Mongolian Plateau

The Mongolian Plateau is an inland plateau in Asia that lies between 37°46′-53°08′N and 87°40′-122°15′E and has an area of approximately.

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Mongolian script

The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946.

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Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation

Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) is one of the leading South Korean television and radio broadcasters.

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North China

North China is a geographical region of China, consisting of two direct-administered municipalities (Beijing and Tianjin), two provinces (Hebei and Shanxi), and one autonomous region (Inner Mongolia).

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Northern Yuan

The Northern Yuan was a dynastic regime ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau.

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Pope Benedict XII

Pope Benedict XII (Benedictus XII, Benoît XII; 1285 – 25 April 1342), born Jacques Fournier, was a cardinal and inquisitor, later head of the Catholic Church from 30 December 1334 to his death, in April 1342.

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Pope John XXII

Pope John XXII (Ioannes PP.; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death, in December 1334.

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Posthumous name

A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture.

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Red Turban Rebellions

The Red Turban Rebellions were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368, eventually leading to its collapse.

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Rinchinbal Khan

Rinchinbal (Mongolian: Ринчинбал,; རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ།), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Ningzong of Yuan (May 1, 1326 – December 14, 1332), was a son of Kuśala (Emperor Mingzong) who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty of China, but died soon after he was installed to the throne. Toghon Temür and Rinchinbal Khan are 14th-century Chinese monarchs, 14th-century Mongol khans, Child monarchs from Asia, Chinese Buddhist monarchs, emperors of the Yuan dynasty, great Khans of the Mongol Empire, Mongolian Buddhist monarchs and Yuan dynasty Buddhists.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Sea of Japan

The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East.

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Shangdu

Shangdu (pronounced;; ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ, label), more popularly known as Xanadu, was the summer capital of the Yuan dynasty of China before Kublai moved his throne to the former Jin dynasty capital of Zhōngdū which was renamed Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing).

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Shin Don (TV series)

Shin Don is a South Korean television series based on the novel The Phantom Queen by Park Jong-hwa, starring Son Chang-min, Jeong Bo-seok, Seo Ji-hye, Oh Man-seok and Kang Moon-young.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.

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South China

South China is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China.

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Tai Situpa

Tai Situpa (from) is one of the oldest lineages of tulkus (reincarnated lamas) in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism In Tibetan Buddhism tradition, Kenting Tai Situpa is considered as emanation of Bodhisattva Maitreya and Guru Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) and who has been incarnated numerous times as Indian and Tibetan yogis since the time of the historical Buddha.

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Temple name

Temple names are posthumous titles accorded to monarchs of the Sinosphere for the purpose of ancestor worship.

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Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism is a form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet, Bhutan and Mongolia.

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Toqto'a (Yuan dynasty)

Toqto’a (courtesy name Dayong, also known as The Great Historian Tuotuo; 13141356) was a high-ranking minister and an official historian of the Yuan dynasty of China.

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Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür

Uskhal Khan (Mongolian: Усхал; Mongolian script), also called the Last Lord of Northern Yuan or by his era name the Tianyuan Emperor, born Tögüs Temür (7 March 1342 – 18 November 1388), was an emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1378 to 1388. Toghon Temür and Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür are 14th-century Chinese monarchs, 14th-century Mongol khans, emperors of the Yuan dynasty and northern Yuan khans.

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War of the Two Capitals

The War of the Two Capitals, or the Tianli Incident, was a war of succession that occurred in 1328 in the Yuan dynasty.

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Xu Da

Xu Da (1332–1385), courtesy name Tiande, known by his title as Duke of Wei (魏國公), later posthumously as Prince of Zhongshan (中山王), was a Chinese military general and official who lived in the late Yuan dynasty and early Ming dynasty.

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Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty)

Yesün Temür (Mongolian: Есөн Төмөр;, 1293 – August 15, 1328) was a great-grandson of Kublai Khan and an emperor of the Yuan dynasty of China from 1323 to 1328. Toghon Temür and Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty) are 14th-century Chinese monarchs, 14th-century Mongol khans, emperors of the Yuan dynasty and great Khans of the Mongol Empire.

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Yingchang

Yingchang was one of the important cities in the Yuan dynasty.

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Yongle Emperor

The Yongle Emperor (2 May 136012 August 1424), personal name Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 1424. Toghon Temür and Yongle Emperor are Chinese Buddhist monarchs.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Mongolian:, Yeke Yuwan Ulus, literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its ''de facto'' division.

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Yunnan

Yunnan is an inland province in Southwestern China.

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Zhizheng

Zhizheng (1341–1370) was the third era name (nianhao) of Toghon Temür, Emperor Shun of Yuan (reigned 1333–1370), and was also the Yuan dynasty's final era name.

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See also

1320 births

14th-century Chinese monarchs

14th-century Mongol khans

Emperors of the Yuan dynasty

Great Khans of the Mongol Empire

Mongolian Buddhist monarchs

Northern Yuan khans

Yuan dynasty Buddhists

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toghon_Temür

Also known as Emperor Hui Zong of Yuan China, Emperor Huizong of Yuan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan China, Emperor Shun of Yuan, Emperor Shundi of Yuan China, Shundi Emperor, Toghan Temuer, Toghan Temür, Toghan-Temuer, Toghan-Temür, Toghon Temuer, Toghon Temür Khagan, Toghon-Temuer, Toghon-Temür, Toghun Temuer, Toghun Temür, Toghun Temur Khan, Toghun-Temuer, Toghun-Temür, Toghōn Temür, Togon Temur, Togon Temur Khan, Togon-Temur, Uhaant haan, Ukhaant khaan, Ukhaantu Khan, Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan, Ukhaatu Khan, Ukhaatu Khan, Emperor Huizong Emperor, Ukhaatu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan, Ukhaghan-tu Khaghan, Ukhaghantu Khaghan, Uqagatu, Uxaant xaan, Yuan Huizong, Yuan Shundi, .

, Karakorum, Karluks, Karma Kagyu, Karmapa, Köke Temür, Khagan, Khanbaliq, Khongirad, Khutughtu Khan Kusala, Korea, Koreans, Liang (realm), Liao dynasty, List of Chinese monarchs, List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty, List of Mongol rulers, List of Northern Yuan khans, Long (surname 龍), Mandate of Heaven, Michael Prawdin, Ming dynasty, Mongol Empire, Mongolia, Mongolian Plateau, Mongolian script, Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, North China, Northern Yuan, Pope Benedict XII, Pope John XXII, Posthumous name, Red Turban Rebellions, Rinchinbal Khan, Routledge, Sea of Japan, Shangdu, Shin Don (TV series), Song dynasty, South China, Tai Situpa, Temple name, Tibetan Buddhism, Toqto'a (Yuan dynasty), Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür, War of the Two Capitals, Xu Da, Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty), Yingchang, Yongle Emperor, Yuan dynasty, Yunnan, Zhizheng.