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Tolkien and the Great War, the Glossary

Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth is a 2003 biography by John Garth of the philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien's early life, focusing on his formative military experiences during the First World War.^[1]

111 relations: A mythology for England, Angels of Mons, Arthur Machen, Authuille, Ballantine Books, Battalion, Battle of Agincourt, Battle of Jutland, Battle of the Ancre, Battle of the Somme, Battle of Thiepval Ridge, Beowulf, Beowulf (hero), Bradley J. Birzer, British heavy tanks of the First World War, C. S. Lewis, Capture of Regina Trench, Carl F. Hostetter, Catholic Church, Christianity in Middle-earth, Company (military unit), Constructed language, Eärendil and Elwing, Eucatastrophe, Evening Standard, Exeter College, Oxford, Fantasy, Friedrich Nietzsche, Front line, Gas gangrene, Geoffrey Chaucer, George Orwell, Great Retreat, H. Rider Haggard, HarperCollins, High fantasy, HMS Superb (1907), Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Humphrey Carpenter, Influences on J. R. R. Tolkien, J. R. R. Tolkien, J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, Janet Brennan Croft, John Garth (author), Kalevala, Lancashire Fusiliers, Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien, List of MDPI academic journals, Longbow, Michael White (author), ... Expand index (61 more) »
Books about Middle-earth
J. R. R. Tolkien

A mythology for England

Tolkien has often been supposed to have spoken of wishing to create "a mythology for England".

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Angels of Mons

The Angels of Mons is one of many stories of the reputed appearance of a variety of supernatural entities which protected the British Army from defeat by the invading forces of the German Empire at the beginning of World War I during the Battle of Mons in Belgium on 23 August 1914.

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Arthur Machen

Arthur Machen (or; 3 March 1863 – 15 December 1947) was the pen-name of Arthur Llewellyn Jones, a Welsh author and mystic of the 1890s and early 20th century.

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Authuille

Authuille is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Ballantine Books

Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.

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Battalion

A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of up to one thousand soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel and subdivided into a number of companies, each typically commanded by a major or a captain.

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Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt (Azincourt) was an English victory in the Hundred Years' War.

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Battle of Jutland

The Battle of Jutland (Skagerrakschlacht, the Battle of the Skagerrak) was a naval battle between Britain's Royal Navy Grand Fleet, under Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet, under Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, during World War I. The battle unfolded in extensive manoeuvring and three main engagements from 31 May to 1 June 1916, off the North Sea coast of Denmark's Jutland Peninsula.

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Battle of the Ancre

The Battle of the Ancre was fought by the British Fifth Army (Lieutenant-General Hubert Gough), against the German 1st Army (General Fritz von Below).

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Battle of the Somme

The Battle of the Somme (Bataille de la Somme; Schlacht an der Somme), also known as the Somme offensive, was a major battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and the French Third Republic against the German Empire.

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Battle of Thiepval Ridge

The Battle of Thiepval Ridge was the first large offensive of the Reserve Army (Lieutenant General Hubert Gough), during the Battle of the Somme on the Western Front during the First World War.

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Beowulf

Beowulf (Bēowulf) is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines.

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Beowulf (hero)

Beowulf (Bēowulf) is a legendary Geatish hero in the eponymous epic poem, one of the oldest surviving pieces of English literature.

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Bradley J. Birzer

Bradley J. Birzer (born 1967) is an American historian.

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British heavy tanks of the First World War

British heavy tanks were a series of related armoured fighting vehicles developed by the UK during the First World War.

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C. S. Lewis

Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963) was a British writer, literary scholar, and Anglican lay theologian.

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Capture of Regina Trench

The Capture of Regina Trench (Staufen Riegel) was a tactical incident in 1916 during the Battle of the Somme during the First World War.

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Carl F. Hostetter

Carl Franklin Hostetter is a Tolkien scholar and NASA computer scientist.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Christianity in Middle-earth

Christianity is a central theme in J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional works about Middle-earth, but the specifics are always kept hidden.

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Company (military unit)

A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 100–250 soldiers and usually commanded by a major or a captain.

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Constructed language

A constructed language (shortened to conlang) is a language whose phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously devised for some purpose, which may include being devised for a work of fiction.

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Eärendil and Elwing

Eärendil the Mariner and his wife Elwing are characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.

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Eucatastrophe

A eucatastrophe is a sudden turn of events in a story which ensures that the protagonist does not meet some terrible, impending, and plausible and probable doom. Tolkien and the Great War and eucatastrophe are j. R. R. Tolkien.

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Evening Standard

The Evening Standard, formerly The Standard (1827–1904), is a long-established newspaper, since 2009 a local free newspaper in tabloid format, with a website on the Internet, published in London, England.

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Exeter College, Oxford

Exeter College (in full: The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

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Fantasy

Fantasy is a genre of fiction involving magical elements, as well as a work in this genre.

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Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers.

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Front line

A front line (alternatively front-line or frontline) in military terminology is the position(s) closest to the area of conflict of an armed force's personnel and equipment, usually referring to land forces.

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Gas gangrene

Gas gangrene (also known as clostridial myonecrosis) is a bacterial infection that produces tissue gas in gangrene.

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Geoffrey Chaucer

Geoffrey Chaucer (– 25 October 1400) was an English poet, author, and civil servant best known for The Canterbury Tales.

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George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950) was a British novelist, poet, essayist, journalist, and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell, a name inspired by his favourite place River Orwell.

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Great Retreat

The Great Retreat, also known as the retreat from Mons, was the long withdrawal to the River Marne in August and September 1914 by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Fifth Army.

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H. Rider Haggard

Sir Henry Rider Haggard (22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction romances set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

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High fantasy

High fantasy, or epic fantasy, is a subgenre of fantasy defined by the epic nature of its setting or by the epic stature of its characters, themes, or plot.

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HMS Superb (1907)

HMS Superb was one of three dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.

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Humphrey Carpenter

Humphrey William Bouverie Carpenter (29 April 1946 – 4 January 2005) was an English biographer, writer, and radio broadcaster.

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Influences on J. R. R. Tolkien

J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy books on Middle-earth, especially The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, drew on a wide array of influences including language, Christianity, mythology, archaeology, ancient and modern literature, and personal experience.

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J. R. R. Tolkien

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philologist.

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J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography

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Janet Brennan Croft

Janet Brennan Croft (born 1961) is an American librarian and Tolkien scholar, known for her authored and edited books and journals on J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy.

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John Garth is a British journalist and author, known especially for writings about J. R. R. Tolkien including his biography Tolkien and the Great War and a book on the places that inspired Middle-earth, The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien.

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Kalevala

The Kalevala is a 19th-century compilation of epic poetry, compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology, telling an epic story about the Creation of the Earth, describing the controversies and retaliatory voyages between the peoples of the land of Kalevala called Väinölä and the land of Pohjola and their various protagonists and antagonists, as well as the construction and robbery of the epic mythical wealth-making machine Sampo.

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Lancashire Fusiliers

The Lancashire Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that saw distinguished service through many years and wars, including the Second Boer War, and the First and Second World Wars.

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Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien

The English philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien created several constructed languages, mostly related to his fictional world of Middle-earth.

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List of MDPI academic journals

This is a list of academic journals published by MDPI.

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Longbow

A longbow is a type of tall bow that makes a fairly long draw possible.

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Michael White (author)

Michael White (16 February 1959 – 6 February 2018) was a British writer who was based in Perth, Australia.

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Middle English

Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman Conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century.

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Middle-earth

Middle-earth is the setting of much of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy. Tolkien and the Great War and Middle-earth are j. R. R. Tolkien.

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Modern Fiction Studies

Modern Fiction Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1955 at Purdue University's Department of English, where it is still edited.

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Modernism

Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and subjective experience.

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Mythopoeic Awards

The Mythopoeic Awards for literature and literary studies are given annually for outstanding works in the fields of myth, fantasy, and the scholarly study of these areas.

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Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

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Norse mythology

Norse, Nordic, or Scandinavian mythology, is the body of myths belonging to the North Germanic peoples, stemming from Old Norse religion and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia, and into the Nordic folklore of the modern period.

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Officers' Training Corps

The Officers' Training Corps (OTC), more fully called the University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC), are military leadership training units operated by the British Army.

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On Fairy-Stories

"On Fairy-Stories" is a 1947 essay by J. R. R. Tolkien which discusses the fairy story as a literary form.

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Orc

An orc (sometimes spelt ork), in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy fiction, is a race of humanoid monsters, which he also calls "goblin".

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Ovillers-la-Boisselle in World War I

In World War I, the small commune of Ovillers-la-Boisselle, located some north-east of Amiens in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France, was the site of intense and sustained fighting between German and Allied forces.

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Owen Barfield

Arthur Owen Barfield (9 November 1898 – 14 December 1997) was an English philosopher, author, poet, critic, and member of the Inklings.

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Philology

Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources.

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Poetry in The Lord of the Rings

The poetry in The Lord of the Rings consists of the poems and songs written by J. R. R. Tolkien, interspersed with the prose of his high fantasy novel of Middle-earth, The Lord of the Rings.

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Quenya

QuenyaTolkien wrote in his "Outline of Phonology" (in Parma Eldalamberon 19, p. 74) dedicated to the phonology of Quenya: is "a sound as in English new".

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Ralph C. Wood

Ralph C. Wood is a scholar of theology and English literature, with a special interest in Christian writers, mainly of fiction, including J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, G. K. Chesterton, Gerard Manley Hopkins, George Herbert, and Dorothy Sayers.

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Revenant

In folklore, a revenant is a spirit or animated corpse that is believed to have been revived from death to haunt the living.

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Robert Graves

Captain Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English poet, soldier, historical novelist and critic.

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Robert Tally

Robert T. Tally Jr. is a professor of English at Texas State University.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Second Boer War

The Second Boer War (Tweede Vryheidsoorlog,, 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and Orange Free State) over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa.

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Siegfried Sassoon

Siegfried Loraine Sassoon (8 September 1886 – 1 September 1967) was an English war poet, writer, and soldier.

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Sindarin

Sindarin is one of the constructed languages devised by J. R. R. Tolkien for use in his fantasy stories set in Arda, primarily in Middle-earth.

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St Anne's College, Oxford

St Anne's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England.

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Túrin Turambar

Túrin Turambar (pronounced) is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.

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The Book of Lost Tales

The Book of Lost Tales is a collection of early stories by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien, published as the first two volumes of Christopher Tolkien's 12-volume series The History of Middle-earth, in which he presents and analyses the manuscripts of those stories, which were the earliest form (begun in 1917) of the complex fictional myths that would eventually comprise The Silmarillion.

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The Fall of Gondolin

J. R. R. Tolkien's The Fall of Gondolin is a 2018 book of fantasy fiction by J. R. R. Tolkien, edited by his son Christopher.

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The Great War and Middle-earth

J. R. R. Tolkien took part in the First World War, known then as the Great War, and began his fantasy Middle-earth writings at that time.

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The Hobbit

The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien.

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The Inklings

The Inklings were an informal literary discussion group associated with J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis at the University of Oxford for nearly two decades between the early 1930s and late 1949. Tolkien and the Great War and the Inklings are j. R. R. Tolkien.

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The Lion and the Unicorn (journal)

The Lion and the Unicorn is an academic journal founded in 1977.

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The Lord of the Rings

The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel by the English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien.

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The Road to Middle-Earth

The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology is a scholarly study of the Middle-earth works of J. R. R. Tolkien written by Tom Shippey and first published in 1982. Tolkien and the Great War and the Road to Middle-Earth are books about Middle-earth.

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The Story of Kullervo

The Story of Kullervo is a collection of several texts, including a prose version of the Kullervo cycle in Elias Lönnrot's Karelian and Finnish epic poem Kalevala, written by J. R. R. Tolkien when he was an undergraduate at Exeter College, Oxford, from 1914 to 1915.

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The Sunday Times

The Sunday Times is a British Sunday newspaper whose circulation makes it the largest in Britain's quality press market category.

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The Tolkien Society

The Tolkien Society is an educational charity and literary society devoted to the study and promotion of the life and works of the author and academic J. R. R. Tolkien.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Tolkien and race

J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings have been said to embody outmoded attitudes to race.

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Tolkien research

The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of his fantasy writings.

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Tolkien Studies

Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review is an academic journal founded in 2004 publishing papers on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien.

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Tolkien's artwork

Tolkien's artwork was a key element of his creativity from the time when he began to write fiction. Tolkien and the Great War and Tolkien's artwork are j. R. R. Tolkien.

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Tolkien's legendarium

Tolkien's legendarium is the body of J. R. R. Tolkien's mythopoeic writing, unpublished in his lifetime, that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings, and which his son Christopher summarized in his compilation of The Silmarillion and documented in his 12-volume series The History of Middle-earth.

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Tolkien's prose style

The prose style of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth books, especially The Lord of the Rings, is remarkably varied. Tolkien and the Great War and Tolkien's prose style are j. R. R. Tolkien.

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Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon

Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon is a 2003 book of literary criticism by Brian Rosebury about the English author and philologist J. R. R. Tolkien and his writings on his fictional world of Middle-earth, especially The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien and the Great War and Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon are 2003 non-fiction books, books about Middle-earth and j. R. R. Tolkien.

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Tom Shippey

Thomas Alan Shippey (born 9 September 1943) is a British medievalist, a retired scholar of Middle and Old English literature as well as of modern fantasy and science fiction.

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Trench fever

Trench fever (also known as "five-day fever", "quintan fever" (febris quintana), and "urban trench fever") is a moderately serious disease transmitted by body lice.

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Trolls in Middle-earth

Trolls are fictional characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth, and feature in films and games adapted from his novels.

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Unferð

In the Old English epic poem Beowulf, Unferth or Hunferth is a thegn (a retainer, servant) of the Danish lord Hrothgar.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.

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Ursula K. Le Guin

Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (Kroeber; October 21, 1929 – January 22, 2018) was an American author.

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Valinor

Valinor (Quenya: Land of the Valar) or the Blessed Realm is a fictional location in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the home of the immortal Valar on the continent of Aman, far to the west of Middle-earth; he used the name Aman mainly to mean Valinor.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War

Also known as Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth.

, Middle English, Middle-earth, Modern Fiction Studies, Modernism, Mythopoeic Awards, Nazism, Norse mythology, Officers' Training Corps, On Fairy-Stories, Orc, Ovillers-la-Boisselle in World War I, Owen Barfield, Philology, Poetry in The Lord of the Rings, Quenya, Ralph C. Wood, Revenant, Robert Graves, Robert Tally, Royal Navy, Second Boer War, Siegfried Sassoon, Sindarin, St Anne's College, Oxford, Túrin Turambar, The Book of Lost Tales, The Fall of Gondolin, The Great War and Middle-earth, The Hobbit, The Inklings, The Lion and the Unicorn (journal), The Lord of the Rings, The Road to Middle-Earth, The Story of Kullervo, The Sunday Times, The Tolkien Society, The Washington Post, Tolkien and race, Tolkien research, Tolkien Studies, Tolkien's artwork, Tolkien's legendarium, Tolkien's prose style, Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon, Tom Shippey, Trench fever, Trolls in Middle-earth, Unferð, University of Oxford, Ursula K. Le Guin, Valinor, Walking Tree Publishers, War poetry, Warwick, Western Front (World War I), Western Front Association, Wilfred Owen, William Golding, William Morris, World War I, World War I in literature.

Tolkien and the Great War, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Books about Middle-earth

J. R. R. Tolkien

References