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Tooro language, the Glossary

Tooro or Rutooro (Orutooro) is a Bantu language spoken mainly by the Tooro people (Abatooro) from the Tooro Kingdom in western Uganda.^[1]

109 relations: Affirmation and negation, Affricate, Agglutination, Agreement (linguistics), Alveolar consonant, Applicative voice, Approximant, Associative case, Atlantic–Congo languages, Augment (Bantu languages), Back vowel, Bantoid languages, Bantu languages, Benue–Congo languages, Bilabial consonant, Causative, Close vowel, Close-mid vowel, Compensatory lengthening, Conditional mood, Consonant, Consonant mutation, Continuative aspect, Continuous and progressive aspects, Crastinal tense, Demonstrative, Digraph (orthography), English language, Epenthesis, Fricative, Front vowel, Future tense, Glottalic consonant, Grammatical modifier, Great Lakes Bantu languages, Habitual aspect, Hesternal tense, Hodiernal tense, Hortative, Hypothetical mood, Imbrication (linguistics), Imperative mood, Infinitive, Instrumental case, Intensive word form, Intransitive verb, Judaea (Roman province), Kabarole District, Konjo people, Kyegegwa District, ... Expand index (59 more) »
Nyoro-Ganda languages

Affirmation and negation

In linguistics and grammar, affirmation (abbreviated) and negation are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances.

See Tooro language and Affirmation and negation

Affricate

An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal).

See Tooro language and Affricate

Agglutination

In linguistics, agglutination is a morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes, each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature.

See Tooro language and Agglutination

Agreement (linguistics)

In linguistics, agreement or concord (abbreviated) occurs when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates.

See Tooro language and Agreement (linguistics)

Alveolar consonant

Alveolar (UK also) consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth.

See Tooro language and Alveolar consonant

Applicative voice

The applicative voice (abbreviated or) is a grammatical voice that promotes an ''oblique'' argument of a verb to the core object argument.

See Tooro language and Applicative voice

Approximant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.

See Tooro language and Approximant

Associative case

The associative case (abbreviated) is a grammatical case which expresses associativity which is, although related, not identical to comitativity, which is expressed by using the comitative case.

See Tooro language and Associative case

Atlantic–Congo languages

The Atlantic–Congo languages comprise the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa.

See Tooro language and Atlantic–Congo languages

Augment (Bantu languages)

The augment, also called the pre-prefix or just initial vowel, is a morpheme that is prefixed to the noun class prefix of nouns in certain Bantu languages.

See Tooro language and Augment (Bantu languages)

Back vowel

A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages.

See Tooro language and Back vowel

Bantoid languages

Bantoid is a major branch of the Benue–Congo language family.

See Tooro language and Bantoid languages

Bantu languages

The Bantu languages (English:, Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a language family of about 600 languages that are spoken by the Bantu peoples of Central, Southern, Eastern and Southeast Africa.

See Tooro language and Bantu languages

Benue–Congo languages

Benue–Congo (sometimes called East Benue–Congo) is a major branch of the Volta-Congo languages which covers most of Sub-Saharan Africa.

See Tooro language and Benue–Congo languages

Bilabial consonant

In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a labial consonant articulated with both lips.

See Tooro language and Bilabial consonant

Causative

In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated) is a valency-increasing operationPayne, Thomas E. (1997).

See Tooro language and Causative

Close vowel

A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in U.S. terminology), is any in a class of vowel sounds used in many spoken languages.

See Tooro language and Close vowel

Close-mid vowel

A close-mid vowel (also mid-close vowel, high-mid vowel, mid-high vowel or half-close vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

See Tooro language and Close-mid vowel

Compensatory lengthening in phonology and historical linguistics is the lengthening of a vowel sound that happens upon the loss of a following consonant, usually in the syllable coda, or of a vowel in an adjacent syllable.

See Tooro language and Compensatory lengthening

Conditional mood

The conditional mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood used in conditional sentences to express a proposition whose validity is dependent on some condition, possibly counterfactual.

See Tooro language and Conditional mood

Consonant

In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.

See Tooro language and Consonant

Consonant mutation

Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment.

See Tooro language and Consonant mutation

Continuative aspect

The continuative aspect (abbreviated or) is a grammatical aspect representing actions that are 'still' happening.

See Tooro language and Continuative aspect

Continuous and progressive aspects

The continuous and progressive aspects (abbreviated and) are grammatical aspects that express incomplete action ("to do") or state ("to be") in progress at a specific time: they are non-habitual, imperfective aspects.

See Tooro language and Continuous and progressive aspects

Crastinal tense

A crastinal tense (abbreviated) is a future tense applied to a following or subsequent day.

See Tooro language and Crastinal tense

Demonstrative

Demonstratives (abbreviated) are words, such as this and that, used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others.

See Tooro language and Demonstrative

Digraph (orthography)

A digraph or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.

See Tooro language and Digraph (orthography)

English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.

See Tooro language and English language

Epenthesis

In phonology, epenthesis (Greek) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially in the beginning syllable (prothesis) or in the ending syllable (paragoge) or in-between two syllabic sounds in a word.

See Tooro language and Epenthesis

Fricative

A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

See Tooro language and Fricative

Front vowel

A front vowel is a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would otherwise make it a consonant.

See Tooro language and Front vowel

Future tense

In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

See Tooro language and Future tense

Glottalic consonant

In phonetics, a glottalic consonant is a consonant produced with some important contribution (movement or closure) of the glottis.

See Tooro language and Glottalic consonant

Grammatical modifier

In linguistics, a modifier is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure which modifies the meaning of another element in the structure.

See Tooro language and Grammatical modifier

Great Lakes Bantu languages

The Great Lakes Bantu languages, also known as Lacustrine Bantu and Bantu zone J, are a group of Bantu languages of East Africa.

See Tooro language and Great Lakes Bantu languages

Habitual aspect

In linguistics, the aspect of a verb is a grammatical category that defines the temporal flow (or lack thereof) in a given action, event, or state.

See Tooro language and Habitual aspect

Hesternal tense

A hesternal tense (abbreviated) is a past tense for the previous day.

See Tooro language and Hesternal tense

Hodiernal tense

A hodiernal tense (abbreviated) is a grammatical tense for the current day.

See Tooro language and Hodiernal tense

Hortative

In linguistics, hortative modalities (abbreviated) are verbal expressions used by the speaker to encourage or discourage an action.

See Tooro language and Hortative

Hypothetical mood

Hypothetical mood (abbreviated) is an epistemic grammatical mood found in some languages (for example Lakota) which indicates that while a statement is not actually true, it could easily have been.

See Tooro language and Hypothetical mood

Imbrication (linguistics)

Imbrication is a phenomenon occurring in many Bantu languages in which morphemes interweave in certain morphophonological conditions.

See Tooro language and Imbrication (linguistics)

Imperative mood

The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.

See Tooro language and Imperative mood

Infinitive

Infinitive (abbreviated) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs.

See Tooro language and Infinitive

Instrumental case

In grammar, the instrumental case (abbreviated or) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action.

See Tooro language and Instrumental case

Intensive word form

In grammar, an intensive word form is one which denotes stronger, more forceful, or more concentrated action relative to the root on which the intensive is built.

See Tooro language and Intensive word form

Intransitive verb

In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object.

See Tooro language and Intransitive verb

Judaea (Roman province)

Judaea (Iudaea; translit) was a Roman province from 6 to 132 AD, which incorporated the Levantine regions of Idumea, Philistia, Judea, Samaria and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea.

See Tooro language and Judaea (Roman province)

Kabarole District

Kabarole District is a district in Western Uganda.

See Tooro language and Kabarole District

Konjo people

The Konjo, BaKonzo (pl. Bakonzo, sing. Mukonzo), or Konzo, are a Bantu ethnic group located in the Rwenzori region of Southwest Uganda in districts that include; Kasese, Bundibugyo, Bunyangabu and Ntoroko districts.

See Tooro language and Konjo people

Kyegegwa District

Kyegegwa District is a district in Western Region of Uganda.

See Tooro language and Kyegegwa District

Kyenjojo

Kyenjojo is a town in the Western Region of Uganda.

See Tooro language and Kyenjojo

Labiodental consonant

In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth, such as and.

See Tooro language and Labiodental consonant

Language

Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.

See Tooro language and Language

Mass noun

In linguistics, a mass noun, uncountable noun, non-count noun, uncount noun, or just uncountable, is a noun with the syntactic property that any quantity of it is treated as an undifferentiated unit, rather than as something with discrete elements.

See Tooro language and Mass noun

Nasal consonant

In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

See Tooro language and Nasal consonant

Nasalization

In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.

See Tooro language and Nasalization

Negative verb

Dryer defined three different types of negative markers in language.

See Tooro language and Negative verb

Nkore-Kiga language

Nkore-Kiga is a language spoken by around 5,800,000 people living in the extreme southwest of Uganda. Tooro language and Nkore-Kiga language are languages of Uganda and Nyoro-Ganda languages.

See Tooro language and Nkore-Kiga language

Nominalization

In linguistics, nominalization or nominalisation is the use of a word that is not a noun (e.g., a verb, an adjective or an adverb) as a noun, or as the head of a noun phrase.

See Tooro language and Nominalization

Northeast Bantu languages

The Northeast Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in East Africa.

See Tooro language and Northeast Bantu languages

Nyoro language

Nyoro or Runyoro (Orunyoro) is a Bantu language spoken by the Nyoro people of Uganda. Tooro language and Nyoro language are languages of Uganda and Nyoro-Ganda languages.

See Tooro language and Nyoro language

Nyoro-Tooro language

Nyoro-Tooro is a language spoken by around 1,200,000 people living in western Uganda. Tooro language and Nyoro-Tooro language are languages of Uganda and Nyoro-Ganda languages.

See Tooro language and Nyoro-Tooro language

Object (grammar)

In linguistics, an object is any of several types of arguments.

See Tooro language and Object (grammar)

Open vowel

An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.

See Tooro language and Open vowel

Palatal consonant

Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).

See Tooro language and Palatal consonant

Passive voice

A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages.

See Tooro language and Passive voice

Past tense

The past tense is a grammatical tense whose function is to place an action or situation in the past.

See Tooro language and Past tense

Penult

Penult is a linguistics term for the second-to-last syllable of a word.

See Tooro language and Penult

Perfect (grammar)

The perfect tense or aspect (abbreviated or) is a verb form that indicates that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the time under consideration, often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself.

See Tooro language and Perfect (grammar)

Perfective aspect

The perfective aspect (abbreviated), sometimes called the aoristic aspect, is a grammatical aspect that describes an action viewed as a simple whole, i.e., a unit without interior composition.

See Tooro language and Perfective aspect

Phonotactics

Phonotactics (from Ancient Greek "voice, sound" and "having to do with arranging") is a branch of phonology that deals with restrictions in a language on the permissible combinations of phonemes.

See Tooro language and Phonotactics

Plosive

In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

See Tooro language and Plosive

Postalveolar consonant

Postalveolar (post-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.

See Tooro language and Postalveolar consonant

Predicate (grammar)

The term predicate is used in two ways in linguistics and its subfields.

See Tooro language and Predicate (grammar)

Present tense

The present tense (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.

See Tooro language and Present tense

Reduplication

In linguistics, reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

See Tooro language and Reduplication

Reflexive pronoun

A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within the same sentence.

See Tooro language and Reflexive pronoun

Root (linguistics)

A root (or root word or radical) is the core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements.

See Tooro language and Root (linguistics)

Ruhanga

Ruhanga features in Bantu spirituality as the remote creator and sky-God, recognized among the Rutara people (Banyoro, Banyankore, Batooro, Bahaya, Bakiga, Bahema and all other groups referred to in general as Banyakitara).

See Tooro language and Ruhanga

Runyakitara language

Runyakitara is a standardized language based on four closely related languages of western Uganda. Tooro language and Runyakitara language are languages of Uganda and Nyoro-Ganda languages.

See Tooro language and Runyakitara language

Rutara languages

The Rutara or Runyakitara languages (endonym: Orutara, Orunyakitara) are a group of closely related Bantu languages spoken in the African Great Lakes region.

See Tooro language and Rutara languages

Semivowel

In phonetics and phonology, a semivowel, glide or semiconsonant is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary, rather than as the nucleus of a syllable.

See Tooro language and Semivowel

Southern Bantoid languages

Southern Bantoid (or South Bantoid) is a branch of the Bantoid language family.

See Tooro language and Southern Bantoid languages

Stative verb

According to some linguistics theories, a stative verb is a verb that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action.

See Tooro language and Stative verb

Subjunctive mood

The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.

See Tooro language and Subjunctive mood

Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds, typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).

See Tooro language and Syllable

Tap and flap consonants

In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.

See Tooro language and Tap and flap consonants

Tooro Kingdom

The Tooro Kingdom, is a Bantu kingdom located within the borders of Uganda.

See Tooro language and Tooro Kingdom

Tooro language

Tooro or Rutooro (Orutooro) is a Bantu language spoken mainly by the Tooro people (Abatooro) from the Tooro Kingdom in western Uganda. Tooro language and Tooro language are languages of Uganda and Nyoro-Ganda languages.

See Tooro language and Tooro language

Tooro people

The Tooro people (Abatooro), also known as Batooro or Toro people are a Bantu ethnic group, native to the Tooro Kingdom, a subnational constitutional monarchy within Uganda.

See Tooro language and Tooro people

Transitive verb

A transitive verb is a verb that entails one or more transitive objects, for example, 'enjoys' in Amadeus enjoys music.

See Tooro language and Transitive verb

Trill consonant

In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.

See Tooro language and Trill consonant

Uganda

Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.

See Tooro language and Uganda

Ultima (linguistics)

In linguistics, the ultima is the last syllable of a word, the penult is the next-to-last syllable, and the antepenult is third-from-last syllable.

See Tooro language and Ultima (linguistics)

Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (also known as the "velum").

See Tooro language and Velar consonant

Volta–Congo languages

Volta–Congo is a major branch of the Atlantic–Congo family.

See Tooro language and Volta–Congo languages

Vowel

A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.

See Tooro language and Vowel

Vowel breaking

In historical linguistics, vowel breaking, vowel fracture, or diphthongization is the sound change of a monophthong into a diphthong or triphthong.

See Tooro language and Vowel breaking

Vowel harmony

In phonology, vowel harmony is a phonological rule in which the vowels of a given domain – typically a phonological word – must share certain distinctive features (thus "in harmony").

See Tooro language and Vowel harmony

Vowel hiatus

In phonology, hiatus or diaeresis (also spelled dieresis or diæresis) describes the occurrence of two separate vowel sounds in adjacent syllables with no intervening consonant.

See Tooro language and Vowel hiatus

Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.

See Tooro language and Vowel length

West Nyanza languages

The West Nyanza languages are a subgroup of the Great Lakes Bantu languages spoken in Uganda, Tanzania and the DRC.

See Tooro language and West Nyanza languages

Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a free content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki.

See Tooro language and Wikipedia

Wiktionary

Wiktionary (rhyming with "dictionary") is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary of terms (including words, phrases, proverbs, linguistic reconstructions, etc.) in all natural languages and in a number of artificial languages.

See Tooro language and Wiktionary

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooro_language

Also known as ISO 639:ttj, Orutooro, Rutooro, Rutooro language, Rutoro language, Tooro phonology, Toro language (Democratic Republic of Congo), Ttj.

, Kyenjojo, Labiodental consonant, Language, Mass noun, Nasal consonant, Nasalization, Negative verb, Nkore-Kiga language, Nominalization, Northeast Bantu languages, Nyoro language, Nyoro-Tooro language, Object (grammar), Open vowel, Palatal consonant, Passive voice, Past tense, Penult, Perfect (grammar), Perfective aspect, Phonotactics, Plosive, Postalveolar consonant, Predicate (grammar), Present tense, Reduplication, Reflexive pronoun, Root (linguistics), Ruhanga, Runyakitara language, Rutara languages, Semivowel, Southern Bantoid languages, Stative verb, Subjunctive mood, Syllable, Tap and flap consonants, Tooro Kingdom, Tooro language, Tooro people, Transitive verb, Trill consonant, Uganda, Ultima (linguistics), Velar consonant, Volta–Congo languages, Vowel, Vowel breaking, Vowel harmony, Vowel hiatus, Vowel length, West Nyanza languages, Wikipedia, Wiktionary, 1, 10, 12-hour clock, 5, 6.

Tooro language, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Nyoro-Ganda languages

References