en.unionpedia.org

Toruń Fortress, the Glossary

Toruń Fortress (Twierdza Toruń, Festung Thorn) is a historic fortress located in Toruń, Poland, one of the largest fortresses in Central and Eastern Europe.^[1]

72 relations: Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq, Artillery, Australians, Blast wave, Bolesław I the Brave, British people, Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919–1924), Casimir III the Great, Central Europe, Defensive wall, Dohna, Drwęca, Eastern Europe, Fortification, Fortifications of Metz, Franco-Prussian War, French people, Friedrich der Grosse, Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow, Gerhard von Scharnhorst, German Empire, German mark (1871), German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II, Gestapo, Heinrich von Plauen, Hermann Balk, Hermann von Salza, Howitzer, Institute of National Remembrance, Intelligenzaktion, Invasion of Poland, Jagiellonian Library, Jagiellonian University, Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, Józef Bem, Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, John III Sobieski, Karol Kniaziewicz, Kingdom of Prussia, Kraków, Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, Nazi concentration camps, Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), Partitions of Poland, Poland, Polish people, Pomeranian Army, Prisoner of war, Prussia, ... Expand index (22 more) »
Buildings and structures in Toruń
Forts in Poland
Military history of Toruń
Toruń in World War II

Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq

Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq (16 August 1738 – 5 January 1815) was a Prussian cavalry general best known for his command of the Prussian troops at the Battle of Eylau.

See Toruń Fortress and Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq

Artillery

Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms.

See Toruń Fortress and Artillery

Australians

Australians, colloquially known as Aussies or Antipodeans, are the citizens, nationals and individuals associated with the country of Australia.

See Toruń Fortress and Australians

Blast wave

In fluid dynamics, a blast wave is the increased pressure and flow resulting from the deposition of a large amount of energy in a small, very localised volume.

See Toruń Fortress and Blast wave

Bolesław I the Brave

Bolesław I the Brave (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025.

See Toruń Fortress and Bolesław I the Brave

British people

British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens of the United Kingdom, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.

See Toruń Fortress and British people

Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919–1924)

Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland that existed during 1919–1924 housed two main categories of detainees: the personnel of the Imperial Russian Army and civilians, captured by Germany during World War I and left on Polish territory after the end of the war; and the Soviet military personnel captured during the Polish–Soviet War, the vast majority of them captured as a result of the battles of 1920.

See Toruń Fortress and Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919–1924)

Casimir III the Great

Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.

See Toruń Fortress and Casimir III the Great

Central Europe

Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.

See Toruń Fortress and Central Europe

Defensive wall

A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors.

See Toruń Fortress and Defensive wall

Dohna

Dohna is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, Saxony, Germany.

See Toruń Fortress and Dohna

Drwęca

The Drwęca (Drewenz; Druvinčia) is a river in northern Poland.

See Toruń Fortress and Drwęca

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

See Toruń Fortress and Eastern Europe

Fortification

A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime.

See Toruń Fortress and Fortification

Fortifications of Metz

The fortifications of Metz, a city in northeastern France, are extensive, due to the city's strategic position near the border of France and Germany.

See Toruń Fortress and Fortifications of Metz

Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

See Toruń Fortress and Franco-Prussian War

French people

The French people (lit) are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.

See Toruń Fortress and French people

Friedrich der Grosse

Friedrich der Grosse (spelled Große in German) is the German name for Frederick the Great, a ruler of Prussia.

See Toruń Fortress and Friedrich der Grosse

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow, Graf von Dennewitz (16 February 175525 February 1816) was a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars.

See Toruń Fortress and Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow

Gerhard von Scharnhorst

Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (12 November 1755 – 28 June 1813) was a Hanoverian-born general in Prussian service from 1801.

See Toruń Fortress and Gerhard von Scharnhorst

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

See Toruń Fortress and German Empire

German mark (1871)

The German mark (Goldmark; sign: ℳ&#xfe01) was the currency of the German Empire, which spanned from 1871 to 1918.

See Toruń Fortress and German mark (1871)

German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II

Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps (Kriegsgefangenenlager) during World War II (1939-1945).

See Toruń Fortress and German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II

Gestapo

The Geheime Staatspolizei, abbreviated Gestapo, was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.

See Toruń Fortress and Gestapo

Heinrich von Plauen

Heinrich von Plauen (the Elder) (ca. 1370–1429) was the 27th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from November 1410 to October 1413.

See Toruń Fortress and Heinrich von Plauen

Hermann Balk

Hermann Balk (died March 5, 1239, Würzburg), also known as Hermann von Balk or Hermann Balke, was a Knight-Brother of the Teutonic Order and its first Landmeister, or Provincial Master, in both Prussia and Livonia.

See Toruń Fortress and Hermann Balk

Hermann von Salza

Hermann von Salza (or Herman of Salza; – 20 March 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239.

See Toruń Fortress and Hermann von Salza

Howitzer

The howitzer is an artillery weapon that falls between a cannon (or field gun) and a mortar.

See Toruń Fortress and Howitzer

Institute of National Remembrance

The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives which also includes two public prosecution service components exercising investigative, prosecution and lustration powers.

See Toruń Fortress and Institute of National Remembrance

Intelligenzaktion

The Intelligenzaktion, or the Intelligentsia mass shootings, was a series of mass murders which was committed against the Polish intelligentsia (teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) early in the Second World War (1939–45) by Nazi Germany.

See Toruń Fortress and Intelligenzaktion

Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.

See Toruń Fortress and Invasion of Poland

Jagiellonian Library

Jagiellonian Library (Biblioteka Jagiellońska, popular nickname Jagiellonka) is the library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and with almost 6.7 million volumes, one of the largest libraries in Poland, serving as a public library, university library and part of the Polish national library system.

See Toruń Fortress and Jagiellonian Library

Jagiellonian University

The Jagiellonian University (UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland.

See Toruń Fortress and Jagiellonian University

Jan Henryk Dąbrowski

Jan Henryk Dąbrowski (also known as Johann Heinrich Dąbrowski (Dombrowski) in German and Jean Henri Dombrowski in French; 2 August 1755 – 6 June 1818) was a Polish general and statesman, widely respected after his death for his patriotic attitude, and described as a national hero who spent his whole life restoring the legacy of Poland.

See Toruń Fortress and Jan Henryk Dąbrowski

Jan Karol Chodkiewicz

Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (Jonas Karolis Chodkevičius; 1561 – 24 September 1621) was a military commander of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army, who was from 1601 Field Hetman of Lithuania, and from 1605 Grand Hetman of Lithuania.

See Toruń Fortress and Jan Karol Chodkiewicz

Józef Bem

Józef Zachariasz Bem (Bem József, Murat Pasha.; 14 March 1794 – 10 December 1850) was a Polish engineer and general, an Ottoman pasha and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, and a figure intertwined with other European patriotic movements.

See Toruń Fortress and Józef Bem

Jeremi Wiśniowiecki

Prince Jeremi Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (Yarema Vyshnevetskyi; 1612 – 20 August 1651), nicknamed Hammer on the Cossacks (Młot na Kozaków), was a notable member of the aristocracy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Prince of Vyshnivets, Lubny and Khorol in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the father of the future King of Poland, Michael I.

See Toruń Fortress and Jeremi Wiśniowiecki

John III Sobieski

John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski; Jonas III Sobieskis; Ioannes III Sobiscius 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696.

See Toruń Fortress and John III Sobieski

Karol Kniaziewicz

Baron Karol Otto Kniaziewicz (4 May 1762 in Assiten, Courland (now Asīte, Latvia) – 9 May 1842 in Paris) was a Polish general and political activist.

See Toruń Fortress and Karol Kniaziewicz

Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

See Toruń Fortress and Kingdom of Prussia

Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

See Toruń Fortress and Kraków

Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg

Johann David Ludwig Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (born von Yorck; 26 September 1759 – 4 October 1830) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall instrumental in the Kingdom of Prussia ending an alliance with France to one with Russia during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

See Toruń Fortress and Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg

Nazi concentration camps

From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (Konzentrationslager), including subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe.

See Toruń Fortress and Nazi concentration camps

Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945.

See Toruń Fortress and Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.

See Toruń Fortress and Partitions of Poland

Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

See Toruń Fortress and Poland

Polish people

Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.

See Toruń Fortress and Polish people

Pomeranian Army

The Pomeranian Army (Armia Pomorze) was one of the Polish armies defending against the 1939 Invasion of Poland.

See Toruń Fortress and Pomeranian Army

Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

See Toruń Fortress and Prisoner of war

Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

See Toruń Fortress and Prussia

Prussian Partition

The Prussian Partition (Zabór pruski), or Prussian Poland, is the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland, in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia.

See Toruń Fortress and Prussian Partition

Rifling

Rifling is the term for helical grooves machined into the internal surface of a firearms's barrel for imparting a spin to a projectile to improve its aerodynamic stability and accuracy.

See Toruń Fortress and Rifling

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

See Toruń Fortress and Russian Empire

Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

See Toruń Fortress and Second Polish Republic

Smokeless powder

Finnish smokeless powder Smokeless powder is a type of propellant used in firearms and artillery that produces less smoke and less fouling when fired compared to black powder.

See Toruń Fortress and Smokeless powder

SMS Grosser Kurfürst

SMS Grosser Kurfürst (in German orthography: Großer Kurfürst) may refer to one of two vessels of the Imperial German Navy.

See Toruń Fortress and SMS Grosser Kurfürst

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Toruń Fortress and Soviet Union

Stalag XX-A

Stalag XX-A was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp located in Toruń in German-occupied Poland. Toruń Fortress and Stalag XX-A are Toruń in World War II.

See Toruń Fortress and Stalag XX-A

Stanisław Żółkiewski

Stanisław Żółkiewski (1547 – 7 October 1620) was a Polish nobleman of the Lubicz coat of arms, a magnate, military commander, and Chancellor of the Polish Crown in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who took part in many military campaigns in the Commonwealth and on its southern and eastern borders.

See Toruń Fortress and Stanisław Żółkiewski

Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski

Prince Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski (1634–1702) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, Grand Guardian of the Crown since 1660, the Grand Camp Leader of the Crown since 1661, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship since 1664, Field Crown Hetman since 1676, Great Crown Hetman since 1683 and castellan of Kraków since 1692.

See Toruń Fortress and Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski

Stefan Czarniecki

Stefan Czarniecki (Polish: of the Łodzia coat of arms, 1599 – 16 February 1665) was a Polish nobleman, general and military commander.

See Toruń Fortress and Stefan Czarniecki

Stephen Báthory

Stephen Báthory (Báthory István; Stefan Batory;; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576), Prince of Transylvania (1576–1586), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586).

See Toruń Fortress and Stephen Báthory

Tadeusz Kościuszko

Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko; 4 or 12 February 174615 October 1817) was a Polish military engineer, statesman, and military leader who then became a national hero in Poland, the United States, Lithuania and Belarus.

See Toruń Fortress and Tadeusz Kościuszko

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toruń_Fortress

Also known as Festung Thorn, Forts in Thorn, Forts in Toruń, Thorn Fort, Thorn Fortress, Torun Fort, Torun Fortress, Toruń Fort.

, Prussian Partition, Rifling, Russian Empire, Second Polish Republic, Smokeless powder, SMS Grosser Kurfürst, Soviet Union, Stalag XX-A, Stanisław Żółkiewski, Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Stefan Czarniecki, Stephen Báthory, Tadeusz Kościuszko, The Nicolaus Copernicus University Press, Toruń, Ulrich von Jungingen, Vistula, Władysław II Jagiełło, William I, German Emperor, Winrich von Kniprode, World War I, World War II.

Toruń Fortress, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Buildings and structures in Toruń

Forts in Poland

Military history of Toruń

Toruń in World War II

References