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Torvosaurus, the Glossary

Torvosaurus is a genus of large megalosaurine theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 165 to 148 million years ago during the Callovian to Tithonian ages of the late Middle and Late Jurassic period in what is now Colorado, Portugal, Germany, and possibly England, Spain, Tanzania, and Uruguay.^[1]

217 relations: Actinopterygii, Afrovenator, Alcheringa (journal), Amphibian, Ankylosauria, Antorbital fenestra, Apatosaurus, Apex predator, Archaeopterodactyloidea, Arganodus, Asiatoceratodus, Australodocus, Azhdarchidae, Barosaurus, Basal (phylogenetics), Bernissartia, Bipedalism, Bivalvia, Bowler hat, Brachiosaurus, Brigham Young University, Callovian, Camarasaurus, Camptosaurus, Carcharodontosauridae, Carnivore, Carnosauria, Ceratosauria, Ceratosaurus, Cf., Chicago, Chlorophyta, Clade, Cladogram, Coelurosauria, Colorado, Commensalism, Como Bluff, Conifer, Crocodyliformes, Crocodylomorpha, Cycad, Dacentrurus, Delta, Colorado, Dicraeosaurus, Dinheirosaurus, Dinosaur, Dinotopia, Diplodocinae, Diplodocoidea, ... Expand index (167 more) »
Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation
Jurassic Portugal
Jurassic United States
Kimmeridgian life
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America
Lourinhã Formation
Megalosaurids
Tacuarembó Formation
Taxa named by James A. Jensen
Taxa named by Peter Galton
Tithonian life

Actinopterygii

Actinopterygii, members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species.

See Torvosaurus and Actinopterygii

Afrovenator

Afrovenator ("African hunter") is a genus of megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Middle or Late Jurassic Period on the Tiourarén Formation and maybe the Irhazer II Formation of the Niger Sahara region in northern Africa. Torvosaurus and Afrovenator are megalosaurids.

See Torvosaurus and Afrovenator

Alcheringa (journal)

Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of palaeontology and its ramifications into the Earth and biological sciences, especially the disciplines of taxonomy, biostratigraphy, micropalaeontology, vertebrate palaeontology, palaeobotany, palynology, palaeobiology, palaeoanatomy, palaeoecology, biostratinomy, biogeography, chronobiology, biogeochemistry and palichnology.

See Torvosaurus and Alcheringa (journal)

Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia.

See Torvosaurus and Amphibian

Ankylosauria

Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the clade Ornithischia.

See Torvosaurus and Ankylosauria

Antorbital fenestra

An antorbital fenestra (plural: fenestrae) is an opening in the skull that is in front of the eye sockets.

See Torvosaurus and Antorbital fenestra

Apatosaurus

Apatosaurus (meaning "deceptive lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Torvosaurus and Apatosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and paleontology in Colorado.

See Torvosaurus and Apatosaurus

Apex predator

An apex predator, also known as a top predator or superpredator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, without natural predators of its own.

See Torvosaurus and Apex predator

Archaeopterodactyloidea

Archaeopterodactyloidea (meaning "ancient Pterodactyloidea") is an extinct clade of pterodactyloid pterosaurs that lived from the middle Late Jurassic to the latest Early Cretaceous periods (Kimmeridgian to Albian stages) of Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.

See Torvosaurus and Archaeopterodactyloidea

Arganodus

Arganodus is an extinct genus of freshwater lungfish that had a wide global distribution throughout much of the Triassic period, with a single species surviving across Gondwana into the Cretaceous. Torvosaurus and Arganodus are fossil taxa described in 1979 and fossils of the United States.

See Torvosaurus and Arganodus

Asiatoceratodus

Asiatoceratodus is an extinct genus of lungfish which lived during the Middle-Late Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods in what is now Asia (Kyrgyzstan), Africa (Ethiopia, Niger, Algeria, Morocco) and South America (Uruguay and Brazil).

See Torvosaurus and Asiatoceratodus

Australodocus

Australodocus (meaning "southern beam" from the Latin australis "southern" and the Greek dokos/δοκоς "beam") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago, in what is now Lindi Region, Tanzania.

See Torvosaurus and Australodocus

Azhdarchidae

Azhdarchidae (from the Persian word azhdar, اژدر, a dragon-like creature in Persian mythology) is a family of pterosaurs known primarily from the Late Cretaceous Period, though an isolated vertebra apparently from an azhdarchid is known from the Early Cretaceous as well (late Berriasian age, about 140 million years ago).

See Torvosaurus and Azhdarchidae

Barosaurus

Barosaurus was a giant, long-tailed, long-necked, plant-eating sauropod dinosaur closely related to the more familiar Diplodocus. Torvosaurus and Barosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

See Torvosaurus and Barosaurus

Basal (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

See Torvosaurus and Basal (phylogenetics)

Bernissartia

Bernissartia ('of Bernissart') is an extinct genus of neosuchian crocodyliform that lived in the Early Cretaceous, around 130 million years ago.

See Torvosaurus and Bernissartia

Bipedalism

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an animal moves by means of its two rear (or lower) limbs or legs.

See Torvosaurus and Bipedalism

Bivalvia

Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.

See Torvosaurus and Bivalvia

Bowler hat

The bowler hat, also known as a Coke hat, billycock, bob hat, bombín (Spanish) or derby (United States), is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown, originally created by the London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler in 1849.

See Torvosaurus and Bowler hat

Brachiosaurus

Brachiosaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic, about 154to 150million years ago. Torvosaurus and Brachiosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and paleontology in Colorado.

See Torvosaurus and Brachiosaurus

Brigham Young University

Brigham Young University (BYU) is a private research university in Provo, Utah, United States.

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Callovian

In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 165.3 ± 1.1 Ma (million years ago) and 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma.

See Torvosaurus and Callovian

Camarasaurus

Camarasaurus was a genus of quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs and is the most common North American sauropod fossil. Torvosaurus and Camarasaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

See Torvosaurus and Camarasaurus

Camptosaurus

Camptosaurus is a genus of plant-eating, beaked ornithischian dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic period of western North America and possibly also Europe. Torvosaurus and Camptosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

See Torvosaurus and Camptosaurus

Carcharodontosauridae

Carcharodontosauridae (carcharodontosaurids; from the Greek καρχαροδοντόσαυρος, carcharodontósauros: "shark-toothed lizards") is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs.

See Torvosaurus and Carcharodontosauridae

Carnivore

A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.

See Torvosaurus and Carnivore

Carnosauria

Carnosauria is an extinct group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

See Torvosaurus and Carnosauria

Ceratosauria

Ceratosaurs are members of the clade Ceratosauria, a group of dinosaurs defined as all theropods sharing a more recent common ancestor with Ceratosaurus than with birds.

See Torvosaurus and Ceratosauria

Ceratosaurus

Ceratosaurus (from Greek κέρας/κέρατος, keras/keratos meaning "horn" and σαῦρος sauros meaning "lizard") was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian ages). Torvosaurus and Ceratosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, fossils of Portugal, Kimmeridgian life, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, Lourinhã Formation, Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera, Tacuarembó Formation and Tithonian life.

See Torvosaurus and Ceratosaurus

Cf.

The abbreviation cf. (short for either Latin confer or conferatur, both meaning 'compare') is used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed.

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Chicago

Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States.

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Chlorophyta

Chlorophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes.

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Clade

In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.

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Cladogram

A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

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Coelurosauria

Coelurosauria (from Greek, meaning "hollow-tailed lizards") is the clade containing all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to carnosaurs.

See Torvosaurus and Coelurosauria

Colorado

Colorado (other variants) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

See Torvosaurus and Colorado

Commensalism

Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed.

See Torvosaurus and Commensalism

Como Bluff

Como Bluff is a long ridge extending east–west, located between the towns of Rock River and Medicine Bow, Wyoming.

See Torvosaurus and Como Bluff

Conifer

Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.

See Torvosaurus and Conifer

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes is a clade of crurotarsan archosaurs, the group often traditionally referred to as "crocodilians".

See Torvosaurus and Crocodyliformes

Crocodylomorpha

Crocodylomorpha is a group of pseudosuchian archosaurs that includes the crocodilians and their extinct relatives.

See Torvosaurus and Crocodylomorpha

Cycad

Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves.

See Torvosaurus and Cycad

Dacentrurus

Dacentrurus (meaning "tail full of points"), originally known as Omosaurus, is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic and perhaps Early Cretaceous (154 - 140 mya) of Europe. Torvosaurus and Dacentrurus are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and Lourinhã Formation.

See Torvosaurus and Dacentrurus

Delta, Colorado

Delta is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Delta County, Colorado, United States.

See Torvosaurus and Delta, Colorado

Dicraeosaurus

Dicraeosaurus (Gr. δικραιος, dikraios "bifurcated, double-headed" + Gr. σαυρος, sauros "lizard") is a genus of diplodocoid sauropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Lindi Region, Tanzania during the late Jurassic period.

See Torvosaurus and Dicraeosaurus

Dinheirosaurus

Dinheirosaurus is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur that is known from fossils uncovered in modern-day Portugal. Torvosaurus and Dinheirosaurus are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, Lourinhã Formation and Tithonian life.

See Torvosaurus and Dinheirosaurus

Dinosaur

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.

See Torvosaurus and Dinosaur

Dinotopia

Dinotopia is a series of illustrated fantasy books, created by author and illustrator James Gurney.

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Diplodocinae

Diplodocinae is an extinct subfamily of diplodocid sauropods that existed from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of North America, Europe, Africa and South America, about 161.2 to 136.4 million years ago.

See Torvosaurus and Diplodocinae

Diplodocoidea

Diplodocoidea is a superfamily of sauropod dinosaurs, which included some of the longest animals of all time, including slender giants like Supersaurus, Diplodocus, Apatosaurus, and Amphicoelias.

See Torvosaurus and Diplodocoidea

Diplodocus

Diplodocus was a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs, whose fossils were first discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. Torvosaurus and Diplodocus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and paleontology in Colorado.

See Torvosaurus and Diplodocus

Diplodon

Diplodon is a genus of freshwater pearly mussel, an aquatic bivalve in the Hyriidae family.

See Torvosaurus and Diplodon

Draconyx

Draconyx (meaning "dragon claw") is a genus of dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. Torvosaurus and Draconyx are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, Lourinhã Formation and Tithonian life.

See Torvosaurus and Draconyx

Dracopelta

Dracopelta (meaning “dragon shield”) is a monospecific genus of ankylosaur dinosaur from Portugal that lived during the Late Jurassic (uppermost lower Tithonian-upper Tithonian, 152.1-145.0 Ma) in what is now the Lourinhã Formation. Torvosaurus and Dracopelta are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, Kimmeridgian life, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and taxa named by Peter Galton.

See Torvosaurus and Dracopelta

Dry Mesa Quarry

The Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry is situated in southwestern Colorado, United States, near the town of Delta. Torvosaurus and Dry Mesa Quarry are paleontology in Colorado.

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Dryosaurus

Dryosaurus (meaning 'tree lizard', Greek δρῦς (drys) meaning 'tree, oak' and σαυρος (sauros) meaning 'lizard'; the name reflects the forested habitat, not a vague oak-leaf shape of its cheek teeth as is sometimes assumed) is a genus of an ornithopod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic period. Torvosaurus and Dryosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera and paleontology in Colorado.

See Torvosaurus and Dryosaurus

Dsungaripteroidea

Dsungaripteroidea is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea.

See Torvosaurus and Dsungaripteroidea

Dubreuillosaurus

Dubreuillosaurus is a genus of carnivorous dinosaur from the middle Jurassic Period. Torvosaurus and Dubreuillosaurus are megalosaurids.

See Torvosaurus and Dubreuillosaurus

Duriavenator

Duriavenator is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now England during the Middle Jurassic, about 168 million years ago. Torvosaurus and Duriavenator are megalosaurids.

See Torvosaurus and Duriavenator

Dysalotosaurus

Dysalotosaurus ("uncatchable lizard") is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur.

See Torvosaurus and Dysalotosaurus

Ecological niche

In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.

See Torvosaurus and Ecological niche

Elaphrosaurus

Elaphrosaurus is a genus of ceratosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 154 to 150 million years ago during the Late Jurassic Period in what is now Tanzania in Africa. Torvosaurus and Elaphrosaurus are Kimmeridgian life.

See Torvosaurus and Elaphrosaurus

Elmer S. Riggs

Elmer Samuel Riggs (January 23, 1869 – March 25, 1963) was an American paleontologist known for his work with the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Torvosaurus and England

Epanterias

Epanterias is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Tithonian age Upper Jurassic upper Morrison Formation of Garden Park, Colorado. Torvosaurus and Epanterias are late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

See Torvosaurus and Epanterias

Equisetum

Equisetum (horsetail, marestail, snake grass, puzzlegrass) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds.

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Eustreptospondylus

Eustreptospondylus (meaning "true Streptospondylus" or "well curved vertebra") is a genus of megalosaurid theropod dinosaur, from the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic period (some time between 163 and 154 million years ago) in southern England, at a time when Europe was a series of scattered islands (due to tectonic movement at the time which raised the sea-bed and flooded the lowland). Torvosaurus and Eustreptospondylus are late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and megalosaurids.

See Torvosaurus and Eustreptospondylus

Eutriconodonta

Eutriconodonta is an order of early mammals.

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Fenestra

A fenestra (fenestration;: fenestrae or fenestrations) is any small opening or pore, commonly used as a term in the biological sciences.

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Fern

The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Field Museum of Natural History

The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world.

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First Presidency (LDS Church)

The First Presidency, also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the ChurchDoctrine and Covenants.

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Fish

A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.

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Fluvial sediment processes

In geography and geology, fluvial sediment processes or fluvial sediment transport are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by sediments.

See Torvosaurus and Fluvial sediment processes

Fossa (anatomy)

In anatomy, a fossa (fossae; from Latin fossa, "ditch" or "trench") is a depression or hollow usually in a bone, such as the hypophyseal fossa (the depression in the sphenoid bone).

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Fossil Record

Fossil Record is a biannual peer-reviewed scientific journal covering palaeontology.

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Fossilworks

Fossilworks is a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.

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Frog

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek ἀνούρα, literally 'without tail').

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Fungus

A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Gargoyleosaurus

Gargoyleosaurus (meaning "gargoyle lizard") is one of the earliest ankylosaurs known from reasonably complete fossil remains. Torvosaurus and Gargoyleosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

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German East Africa

German East Africa (GEA; Deutsch-Ostafrika) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Ginkgo

Ginkgo is a genus of non-flowering seed plants.

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Giraffatitan

Giraffatitan (name meaning "titanic giraffe") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the late Jurassic Period (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian stages) in what is now Lindi Region, Tanzania.

See Torvosaurus and Giraffatitan

Greek language

Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.

See Torvosaurus and Greek language

Harpactognathus

Harpactognathus (meaning "seizing/grasping jaw") is a genus of pterosaur found in the Late Jurassic-age Morrison Formation of Albany County, Wyoming, United States.

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Henry Liddell

Henry George Liddell (6 February 1811– 18 January 1898) was dean (1855–1891) of Christ Church, Oxford, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University (1870–1874), headmaster (1846–1855) of Westminster School (where a house is now named after him), author of A History of Rome (1855), and co-author (with Robert Scott) of the monumental work A Greek–English Lexicon, known as "Liddell and Scott", which is still widely used by students of Greek.

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Holotype

A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.

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Hoplosuchus

Hoplosuchus is a genus of crocodyliform belonging to Protosuchidae.

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Hyposphene-hypantrum articulation

The hyposphene-hypantrum articulation is an accessory joint found in the vertebrae of several fossil reptiles of the group Archosauromorpha.

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Ilium (bone)

The ilium (ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.

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Ischium

The ischium (ischia) forms the lower and back region of the hip bone (os coxae).

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James A. Jensen

James Alvin Jensen (August 2, 1918 – December 14, 1998) was an American paleontologist.

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James Gurney

James Gurney (born June 14, 1958) is an American artist and author known for his illustrated book series Dinotopia, which is presented in the form of a 19th-century explorer's journal from an island utopia cohabited by humans and dinosaurs.

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Janenschia

Janenschia (named after Werner Janensch) is a large herbivorous sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Lindi Region, Tanzania around 155 million years ago.

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John Ostrom

John Harold Ostrom (February 18, 1928 – July 16, 2005) was an American paleontologist who revolutionized the modern understanding of dinosaurs.

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Jugal bone

The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.

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Jurassic

The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.

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Kentrosaurus

Kentrosaurus is a genus of stegosaurid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic in Lindi Region of Tanzania.

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Kimmeridge Clay

The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea.

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Kimmeridgian

In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series.

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Koparion

Koparion is a genus of small coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur, from the late Jurassic Period (Kimmeridgian stage), of Utah. Torvosaurus and Koparion are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Lacrimal bone

The lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton; they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit.

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Lake

A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.

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Late Jurassic

The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Leshansaurus

Leshansaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of what is now China. Torvosaurus and Leshansaurus are megalosaurids.

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Lissamphibia

The Lissamphibia (from Greek λισσός (lissós, "smooth") + ἀμφίβια (amphíbia), meaning "smooth amphibians") is a group of tetrapods that includes all modern amphibians.

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Lizard

Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.

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Lourinhanosaurus

Lourinhanosaurus (meaning "Lourinhã lizard") was a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Jurassic Period (Kimmeridgian/Tithonian) in Portugal. Torvosaurus and Lourinhanosaurus are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, Kimmeridgian life, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and Lourinhã Formation.

See Torvosaurus and Lourinhanosaurus

Lourinhasaurus

Lourinhasaurus (meaning "Lourinhã lizard") was an herbivorous sauropod dinosaur genus dating from Late Jurassic strata of Estremadura, Portugal. Torvosaurus and Lourinhasaurus are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, Kimmeridgian life, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and Lourinhã Formation.

See Torvosaurus and Lourinhasaurus

Lourinhã Formation

The Lourinhã Formation is a fossil rich geological formation in western Portugal, named for the municipality of Lourinhã. Torvosaurus and Lourinhã Formation are Jurassic Portugal.

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Lusotitan

Lusotitan is a genus of herbivorous brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Period of Portugal. Torvosaurus and Lusotitan are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, Lourinhã Formation and Tithonian life.

See Torvosaurus and Lusotitan

Magnosaurus

Magnosaurus (meaning 'large lizard') was a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of England. Torvosaurus and Magnosaurus are megalosaurids.

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Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

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Maxilla

In vertebrates, the maxilla (maxillae) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

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Medicine Bow, Wyoming

Medicine Bow is a town in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States.

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Megalosauridae

Megalosauridae is a monophyletic family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs within the group Megalosauroidea. Torvosaurus and Megalosauridae are megalosaurids.

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Megalosauroidea

Megalosauroidea (meaning 'great/big lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period.

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Megalosaurus

Megalosaurus (meaning "great lizard", from Greek μέγας, megas, meaning 'big', 'tall' or 'great' and σαῦρος, sauros, meaning 'lizard') is an extinct genus of large carnivorous theropod dinosaurs of the Middle Jurassic Epoch (Bathonian stage, 166 million years ago) of southern England. Torvosaurus and Megalosaurus are megalosaurids.

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Meridiosaurus

Meridiosaurus is an extinct genus of mesoeucrocodylian that is a possible member of the family Pholidosauridae. Torvosaurus and Meridiosaurus are Kimmeridgian life and Tacuarembó Formation.

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Mesoeucrocodylia

Mesoeucrocodylia is the clade that includes Eusuchia and crocodyliforms formerly placed in the paraphyletic group Mesosuchia.

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Middle Jurassic

The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period.

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Miguel Telles Antunes

Dr.

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Million years ago

Million years ago, abbreviated as Mya, Myr (megayear) or Ma (megaannum), is a unit of time equal to (i.e. years), or approximately 31.6 teraseconds.

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Miragaia longicollum

Miragaia (named after Miragaia, the parish in Portugal and geologic unit where its remains were found) is a long-necked stegosaurid dinosaur. Torvosaurus and Miragaia longicollum are fossils of Portugal, Jurassic Portugal, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe and Lourinhã Formation.

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Moffat County, Colorado

Moffat County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Morrison Formation

The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America. Torvosaurus and Morrison Formation are Jurassic United States.

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Moss

Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta sensu stricto.

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Mudstone

Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.

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Multituberculata

Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years.

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Museu da Lourinhã

Museu da Lourinhã, also known as the Lourinhã Museum, is a museum in the town of Lourinhã, west Portugal.

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Mymoorapelta

Mymoorapelta (Meaning "Shield from the Mygatt-Moore Quarry" after a combination of the names of the discoverers of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry that fossils were originally collected from, and the Greek word πέλτα, meaning "shield") is a nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, around 155 to 150 million years ago) Morrison Formation (Brushy Basin Member) of western Colorado and central Utah, USA. Torvosaurus and Mymoorapelta are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

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Nanosaurus

Nanosaurus ("small or dwarf lizard") is the name given to a genus of neornithischian dinosaur that lived about 155 to 148 million years ago, during the Late Jurassic-age. Torvosaurus and Nanosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and paleontology in Colorado.

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Nathan Eldon Tanner

Nathan Eldon Tanner (May 9, 1898 – November 27, 1982) was a Canadian politician and a leader of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

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Natural environment

The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.

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NBC News

NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.

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Neoceratodus

Neoceratodus is a genus of lungfish in the family Neoceratodontidae.

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Nomen nudum

In taxonomy, a nomen nudum ('naked name'; plural nomina nuda) is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description.

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North America

North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.

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Octávio Mateus

Octávio Mateus (born 1975) is a Portuguese dinosaur paleontologist and biologist Professor of Paleontology at the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

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Ornatenton Formation

The Ornatenton Formation is a Jurassic marine formation in Germany that is middle Callovian in age.

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Ornithischia

Ornithischia is an extinct clade of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure superficially similar to that of birds.

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Ornitholestes

Ornitholestes (meaning "bird robber") is a small theropod dinosaur of the late Jurassic (Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, middle Kimmeridgian age, about 154 million years agoTurner, C.E. and Peterson, F., (1999). "Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A." Pp. Torvosaurus and Ornitholestes are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Ornithopoda

Ornithopoda is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods.

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Ostafrikasaurus

Ostafrikasaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of what is now Lindi Region, Tanzania.

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Palaeontology (journal)

Palaeontology is one of the two scientific journals of the Palaeontological Association (the other being Papers in Palaeontology).

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Paratype

In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype).

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Paul Sereno

Paul Callistus Sereno (born October 11, 1957) is a professor of paleontology at the University of Chicago who has discovered several new dinosaur species on several continents, including at sites in Inner Mongolia, Argentina, Morocco and Niger.

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Peter Galton

Peter Malcolm Galton (born 14 March 1942 in London) is a British vertebrate paleontologist who has to date written or co-written about 190 papers in scientific journals or chapters in paleontology textbooks, especially on ornithischian and prosauropod dinosaurs.

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Pholidosauridae

Pholidosauridae is an extinct family of aquatic neosuchian mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs.

See Torvosaurus and Pholidosauridae

Piatnitzkysauridae

Piatnitzkysauridae is an extinct family of megalosauroid or basal allosauroid dinosaurs.

See Torvosaurus and Piatnitzkysauridae

Piveteausaurus

Piveteausaurus (meaning "Jean Piveteau's lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur known from a partial skull discovered in the Middle Jurassic Marnes de Dives formation of Calvados, in northern France and lived about 164.7-161.2 million years ago. Torvosaurus and Piveteausaurus are megalosaurids.

See Torvosaurus and Piveteausaurus

Plateosauridae

Plateosauridae is a family of plateosaurian sauropodomorphs from the Late Triassic of Europe, Greenland, Africa and Asia.

See Torvosaurus and Plateosauridae

Plesiochelyidae

The Plesiochelyidae are an extinct family of turtles in the clade Thalassochelydia originally classified within the Cryptodira suborder, mostly belonging from the Jurassic period.

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Polyphyly

A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

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Premaxilla

The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth.

See Torvosaurus and Premaxilla

Provo, Utah

Provo is a city in and the county seat of Utah County, Utah, United States.

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Pterosaur

Pterosaurs (from Greek pteron and sauros, meaning "wing lizard") are an extinct clade of flying reptiles in the order Pterosauria.

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Pubis (bone)

In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone (os pubis) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone.

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Quadrate bone

The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids.

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Quadratojugal bone

The quadratojugal is a skull bone present in many vertebrates, including some living reptiles and amphibians.

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Ralph Molnar

Ralph E. Molnar is a paleontologist who had been Curator of Mammals at the Queensland Museum and more recently associated with the Museum of Northern Arizona.

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Rhamphorhynchoidea

The Rhamphorhynchoidea forms one of the two suborders of pterosaurs and represents an evolutionary grade of primitive members of flying reptiles.

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Rhynchocephalia

Rhynchocephalia is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) of New Zealand.

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River

A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

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Robert Scott (philologist)

Robert Scott (26 January 1811 – 2 December 1887) was a British academic philologist and Church of England priest.

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Robert T. Bakker

Robert Thomas Bakker (born March 24, 1945) is an American paleontologist who helped reshape modern theories about dinosaurs, particularly by adding support to the theory that some dinosaurs were endothermic (warm-blooded).

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Salamander

Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

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Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.

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Saurophaganax

Saurophaganax ("lord of lizard-eaters") is a genus of large allosaurid dinosaur from the Morrison Formation of Late Jurassic (latest Kimmeridgian age, about 151 million years ago) Oklahoma, United States. Torvosaurus and Saurophaganax are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and Tithonian life.

See Torvosaurus and Saurophaganax

Sauropoda

Sauropoda, whose members are known as sauropods (from sauro- + -pod, 'lizard-footed'), is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs.

See Torvosaurus and Sauropoda

Shark

Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.

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Siltstone

Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt.

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Sister group

In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.

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Snail

A snail is a shelled gastropod.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

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Specific name (zoology)

In zoological nomenclature, the specific name (also specific epithet, species epithet, or epitheton) is the second part (the second name) within the scientific name of a species (a binomen).

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Spinosauridae

Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids) is a clade or family of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs comprising ten to seventeen known genera.

See Torvosaurus and Spinosauridae

Stegosaurus

Stegosaurus is a genus of herbivorous, four-legged, armored dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, characterized by the distinctive kite-shaped upright plates along their backs and spikes on their tails. Torvosaurus and Stegosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America, Lourinhã Formation, Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera and paleontology in Colorado.

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Stokesosaurus

Stokesosaurus (meaning "Stokes' lizard") is a genus of small (around in length), carnivorous early tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the late Jurassic period of Utah, United States and Guimarota, Portugal. Torvosaurus and Stokesosaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Stream

A stream is a continuous body of surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.

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Streptospondylus

Streptospondylus (meaning "reversed vertebra") is a genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur known from the Late Jurassic period of France, 161 million years ago. Torvosaurus and Streptospondylus are late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe.

See Torvosaurus and Streptospondylus

Supersaurus

Supersaurus (meaning "super lizard") is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Torvosaurus and Supersaurus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation, late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America and taxa named by James A. Jensen.

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Symmetrodonta

Symmetrodonta is a group of Mesozoic mammals and mammal-like synapsids characterized by the triangular aspect of the molars when viewed from above, and the absence of a well-developed talonid.

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Sympatry

In biology, two related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter one another.

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Synonym (taxonomy)

The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.

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Tacuarembó Formation

The Tacuarembó Formation is a Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) geologic formation of the eponymous department in northern Uruguay.

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Tacuarembemys

Tacuarembemys ("Tacuarembó turtle") is an extinct genus of continental turtle from South America. Torvosaurus and Tacuarembemys are Tacuarembó Formation.

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Tanycolagreus

Tanycolagreus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod from the Late Jurassic of North America. Torvosaurus and Tanycolagreus are dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America.

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Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

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Teleosauridae

Teleosauridae is a family of extinct typically marine crocodylomorphs similar to the modern gharial that lived during the Jurassic period.

See Torvosaurus and Teleosauridae

Tendaguripterus

Tendaguripterus was a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian to Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Middle Saurian Beds (Tendaguru Formation) of Tendaguru, Lindi Region, Tanzania.

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Tendaguru Formation

The Tendaguru Formation, or Tendaguru Beds are a highly fossiliferous formation and Lagerstätte located in the Lindi Region of southeastern Tanzania.

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Tetanurae

Tetanurae (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") is a clade that includes most theropod dinosaurs, including megalosauroids, allosauroids, tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, compsognathids and maniraptorans (including birds).

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Thanksgiving Point

Thanksgiving Point is a 501(c)(3) non-profit indoor and outdoor farm, garden, and museum complex in Lehi, Utah, United States.

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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is the largest Latter Day Saint denomination, tracing its roots to its founding by Joseph Smith during the Second Great Awakening.

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Theropoda

Theropoda (from ancient Greek whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores and omnivores.

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Thomas R. Holtz Jr.

Thomas Richard Holtz Jr. (born September 13, 1965) is an American vertebrate palaeontologist, author, and principal lecturer at the University of Maryland's Department of Geology.

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Tithonian

In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series.

See Torvosaurus and Tithonian

Tornieria

Tornieria ("for Tornier") is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic in Lindi Region of Tanzania.

See Torvosaurus and Tornieria

Turtle

Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs.

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Type (biology)

In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated.

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Type species

In zoological nomenclature, a type species (species typica) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen (or specimens).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torvosaurus

Also known as Brontoraptor, E. rex, Edmarka, Edmarka rex, Torvosaurus gurneyi, Torvosaurus tanneri.

, Diplodocus, Diplodon, Draconyx, Dracopelta, Dry Mesa Quarry, Dryosaurus, Dsungaripteroidea, Dubreuillosaurus, Duriavenator, Dysalotosaurus, Ecological niche, Elaphrosaurus, Elmer S. Riggs, England, Epanterias, Equisetum, Eustreptospondylus, Eutriconodonta, Fenestra, Fern, Field Museum of Natural History, First Presidency (LDS Church), Fish, Fluvial sediment processes, Fossa (anatomy), Fossil Record, Fossilworks, Frog, Fungus, Gargoyleosaurus, Genus, German East Africa, Germany, Ginkgo, Giraffatitan, Greek language, Harpactognathus, Henry Liddell, Holotype, Hoplosuchus, Hyposphene-hypantrum articulation, Ilium (bone), Ischium, James A. Jensen, James Gurney, Janenschia, John Ostrom, Jugal bone, Jurassic, Kentrosaurus, Kimmeridge Clay, Kimmeridgian, Koparion, Lacrimal bone, Lake, Late Jurassic, Latin, Leshansaurus, Lissamphibia, Lizard, Lourinhanosaurus, Lourinhasaurus, Lourinhã Formation, Lusotitan, Magnosaurus, Mammal, Maxilla, Medicine Bow, Wyoming, Megalosauridae, Megalosauroidea, Megalosaurus, Meridiosaurus, Mesoeucrocodylia, Middle Jurassic, Miguel Telles Antunes, Million years ago, Miragaia longicollum, Moffat County, Colorado, Morrison Formation, Moss, Mudstone, Multituberculata, Museu da Lourinhã, Mymoorapelta, Nanosaurus, Nathan Eldon Tanner, Natural environment, NBC News, Neoceratodus, Nomen nudum, North America, Octávio Mateus, Ornatenton Formation, Ornithischia, Ornitholestes, Ornithopoda, Ostafrikasaurus, Palaeontology (journal), Paratype, Paul Sereno, Peter Galton, Pholidosauridae, Piatnitzkysauridae, Piveteausaurus, Plateosauridae, Plesiochelyidae, Polyphyly, Portugal, Premaxilla, Provo, Utah, Pterosaur, Pubis (bone), Quadrate bone, Quadratojugal bone, Ralph Molnar, Rhamphorhynchoidea, Rhynchocephalia, River, Robert Scott (philologist), Robert T. Bakker, Salamander, Sandstone, Saurophaganax, Sauropoda, Shark, Siltstone, Sister group, Snail, Spain, Species, Specific name (zoology), Spinosauridae, Stegosaurus, Stokesosaurus, Stream, Streptospondylus, Supersaurus, Symmetrodonta, Sympatry, Synonym (taxonomy), Tacuarembó Formation, Tacuarembemys, Tanycolagreus, Tanzania, Teleosauridae, Tendaguripterus, Tendaguru Formation, Tetanurae, Thanksgiving Point, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Theropoda, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., Tithonian, Tornieria, Turtle, Type (biology), Type species, Tyrannosaurus, Uruguay, Vega Formation, Veterupristisaurus, Wamweracaudia, Werner Janensch, Wiehenvenator, Wyoming, 1920 in paleontology, 1979 in paleontology.

Torvosaurus, the Glossary

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