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Transposon mutagenesis, the Glossary

Transposon mutagenesis, or transposition mutagenesis, is a biological process that allows genes to be transferred to a host organism's chromosome, interrupting or modifying the function of an extant gene on the chromosome and causing mutation.^[1]

80 relations: Amino acid, Antibiotic, Antimicrobial resistance, Attenuation, Bacteria, Bacteriophage, BamHI, Barbara McClintock, Base pair, Biology, Cabbage looper, Cancer, Capsid, Chromosome, Cistron, DNA methylation, Electroporation, Enhancer (genetics), Enzyme, Enzyme inhibitor, Epigenetics, Eukaryote, Gene, Gene cassette, Gene expression, Gene knockout, Gene mapping, Genetic engineering, Genome, Histone, HMGB1, Homologous recombination, In vitro, Insertion (genetics), Insertion sequence, Inverted repeat, Kanamycin A, Locus (genetics), Maize, Messenger RNA, Microinjection, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, N-terminus, Non-coding DNA, Offspring, Oligomer, Oncogene, Open reading frame, Pathogenicity island, ... Expand index (30 more) »
Mutagenesis

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.

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Antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials (drugs used to treat infections).

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Attenuation

In physics, attenuation (in some contexts, extinction) is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.

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BamHI

BamHI (pronounced "Bam H one") (from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) is a type II restriction endonuclease, having the capacity for recognizing short sequences (6 bp) of DNA and specifically cleaving them at a target site.

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Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

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Base pair

A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.

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Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life.

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Cabbage looper

The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is a medium-sized moth in the family Noctuidae, a family commonly referred to as owlet moths.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Capsid

A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material.

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Chromosome

A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.

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Cistron

A cistron is a region of DNA that is conceptually equivalent to some definitions of a gene, such that the terms are synonymous from certain viewpoints, especially with regard to the molecular gene as contrasted with the Mendelian gene.

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DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

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Electroporation

Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane. Transposon mutagenesis and Electroporation are molecular biology.

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Enhancer (genetics)

In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

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Enzyme inhibitor

An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Enzyme inhibitor

Epigenetics

In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence.

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Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings. Transposon mutagenesis and gene are molecular biology.

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Gene cassette

In biology, a gene cassette is a type of mobile genetic element that contains a gene and a recombination site.

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype. Transposon mutagenesis and gene expression are molecular biology.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Gene expression

Gene knockout

Gene knockouts (also known as gene deletion or gene inactivation) are a widely used genetic engineering technique that involves the targeted removal or inactivation of a specific gene within an organism's genome.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Gene knockout

Gene mapping

Gene mapping or genome mapping describes the methods used to identify the location of a gene on a chromosome and the distances between genes.

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. Transposon mutagenesis and genetic engineering are molecular biology.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

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Histone

In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla.

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HMGB1

High mobility group box 1 protein, also known as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1) and amphoterin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB1 gene.

See Transposon mutagenesis and HMGB1

Homologous recombination

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses).

See Transposon mutagenesis and Homologous recombination

In vitro

In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.

See Transposon mutagenesis and In vitro

Insertion (genetics)

In genetics, an insertion (also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Insertion (genetics)

Insertion sequence

Insertion element (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element. Transposon mutagenesis and insertion sequence are mobile genetic elements and molecular biology.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Insertion sequence

Inverted repeat

An inverted repeat (or IR) is a single stranded sequence of nucleotides followed downstream by its reverse complement. Transposon mutagenesis and inverted repeat are molecular biology.

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Kanamycin A

Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis.

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Locus (genetics)

In genetics, a locus (loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.

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Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.

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Microinjection

Microinjection is the use of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level.

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Mutation

In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

N-terminus

The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.

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Non-coding DNA

Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences.

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Offspring

In biology, offspring are the young creation of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms.

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Oligomer

In chemistry and biochemistry, an oligomer is a molecule that consists of a few repeating units which could be derived, actually or conceptually, from smaller molecules, monomers.

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Oncogene

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Oncogene

Open reading frame

In molecular biology, reading frames are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Open reading frame

Pathogenicity island

Pathogenicity islands (PAIs), as termed in 1990, are a distinct class of genomic islands acquired by microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Pathogenicity island

Phenotype

In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Phenotype

PiggyBac transposon system

The PiggyBac (PB) transposon system employs a genetically engineered transposase enzyme to insert a gene into a cell's genome. Transposon mutagenesis and PiggyBac transposon system are mobile genetic elements.

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Plant breeding

Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Transposon mutagenesis and plant breeding are molecular biology.

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Plasmid

A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. Transposon mutagenesis and plasmid are mobile genetic elements and molecular biology.

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Polyadenylation

Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA).

See Transposon mutagenesis and Polyadenylation

Polymerase chain reaction

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study. Transposon mutagenesis and polymerase chain reaction are molecular biology.

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Primer (molecular biology)

A primer is a short, single-stranded nucleic acid used by all living organisms in the initiation of DNA synthesis. Transposon mutagenesis and primer (molecular biology) are molecular biology.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Primer (molecular biology)

Prokaryote

A prokaryote (less commonly spelled procaryote) is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Prokaryote

In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter.

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Protein domain

In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Protein domain

Restriction digest

A restriction digest is a procedure used in molecular biology to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing. Transposon mutagenesis and restriction digest are molecular biology.

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RNA splicing

RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA).

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Selectable marker

Selectable markers are a genes introduced into a cell, especially a bacterium or to cells in culture, that confer a traits suitable for artificial selection. Transposon mutagenesis and Selectable marker are molecular biology.

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Sleeping Beauty transposon system

The Sleeping Beauty transposon system is a synthetic DNA transposon designed to introduce precisely defined DNA sequences into the chromosomes of vertebrate animals for the purposes of introducing new traits and to discover new genes and their functions. Transposon mutagenesis and Sleeping Beauty transposon system are mobile genetic elements.

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Southern blot

Southern blot is a method used for detection and quantification of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Southern blot

Sticky and blunt ends

DNA ends refer to the properties of the ends of linear DNA molecules, which in molecular biology are described as "sticky" or "blunt" based on the shape of the complementary strands at the terminus. Transposon mutagenesis and Sticky and blunt ends are molecular biology.

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Tandem repeat

In genetics, tandem repeats occur in DNA when a pattern of one or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other, e.g. ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG, in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.

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Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Transposon mutagenesis and telomere are molecular biology.

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Terminator (genetics)

In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Terminator (genetics)

Transgene

A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Transgene

Translation (biology)

In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. Transposon mutagenesis and translation (biology) are molecular biology.

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Transposable element

A transposable element (TE, transposon, or jumping gene) is a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size. Transposon mutagenesis and transposable element are mobile genetic elements and molecular biology.

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Transposase

A transposase is any of a class of enzymes capable of binding to the end of a transposon and catalysing its movement to another part of a genome, typically by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism, in a process known as transposition. Transposon mutagenesis and transposase are mobile genetic elements and molecular biology.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Transposase

Transposons are semi-parasitic DNA sequences which can replicate and spread through the host's genome. Transposon mutagenesis and Transposons as a genetic tool are mobile genetic elements.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Transposons as a genetic tool

Tumor suppressor gene

A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Tumor suppressor gene

Untranslated region

In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA.

See Transposon mutagenesis and Untranslated region

Vector (molecular biology)

In molecular cloning, a vector is any particle (e.g., plasmids, cosmids, Lambda phages) used as a vehicle to artificially carry a foreign nucleic sequence – usually DNA – into another cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. Transposon mutagenesis and vector (molecular biology) are molecular biology.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposon_mutagenesis

Also known as Transposition Mutagenesis.

, Phenotype, PiggyBac transposon system, Plant breeding, Plasmid, Polyadenylation, Polymerase chain reaction, Primer (molecular biology), Prokaryote, Promoter (genetics), Protein domain, Restriction digest, RNA splicing, Selectable marker, Sleeping Beauty transposon system, Southern blot, Sticky and blunt ends, Tandem repeat, Telomere, Terminator (genetics), Transgene, Translation (biology), Transposable element, Transposase, Transposons as a genetic tool, Tumor suppressor gene, Untranslated region, Vector (molecular biology), Vertebrate, Virulence, Zygote.

Transposon mutagenesis, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Mutagenesis

References