Trypsin, the Glossary
Trypsin is an enzyme in the first section of the small intestine that starts the digestion of protein molecules by cutting long chains of amino acids into smaller pieces.[1]
Table of Contents
77 relations: Activation energy, Active site, Allergen, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, Amino acid, Ancient Greek, Apoptosis, Aprotinin, Arginine, Aspartic acid, Atlantic cod, Autolysis (biology), Biotechnology, C-terminus, Carboxylic acid, Carboxypeptidase, Casein, Catalysis, Catalytic triad, Cattle, Cholecystokinin, Chymotrypsin, Cystic fibrosis, Cytotoxicity, Duodenum, Endopeptidase, Enteropeptidase, Enzyme, Enzyme inhibitor, Enzyme kinetics, Escherichia coli, Fas receptor, Histidine, Human digestive system, Hydrolysis, Hypoallergenic, Ileus, In vitro, In-gel digestion, Low-barrier hydrogen bond, Lysine, Macrophage, Meconium, MEROPS, Milk allergy, Nucleophile, Operating temperature, PA clan of proteases, Pancreas, Pancreatic duct, ... Expand index (27 more) »
- Cell culture reagents
Activation energy
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur.
See Trypsin and Activation energy
Active site
In biology and biochemistry, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Allergen
An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Alpha-1 antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT, α1AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily.
See Trypsin and Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.
Aprotinin
The drug aprotinin (Trasylol, previously Bayer and now Nordic Group pharmaceuticals), is a small protein bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), or basic trypsin inhibitor of bovine pancreas, which is an antifibrinolytic molecule that inhibits trypsin and related proteolytic enzymes.
Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.
Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Atlantic cod
The Atlantic cod (cod; Gadus morhua) is a fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans.
Autolysis (biology)
In biology, autolysis, more commonly known as self-digestion, refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes.
See Trypsin and Autolysis (biology)
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services.
C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group attached to an R-group.
See Trypsin and Carboxylic acid
Carboxypeptidase
A carboxypeptidase (EC number 3.4.16 - 3.4.18) is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide.
See Trypsin and Carboxypeptidase
Casein
Casein (from Latin caseus "cheese") is a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, aS2, β, κ) that are commonly found in mammalian milk, comprising about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 60% of the proteins in human milk.
Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.
Catalytic triad
A catalytic triad is a set of three coordinated amino acids that can be found in the active site of some enzymes.
See Trypsin and Catalytic triad
Cattle
Cattle (Bos taurus) are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos. Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls. Young female cattle are called heifers, young male cattle are oxen or bullocks, and castrated male cattle are known as steers.
Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin (CCK or CCK-PZ; from Greek chole, "bile"; cysto, "sac"; kinin, "move"; hence, move the bile-sac (gallbladder)) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.
See Trypsin and Cholecystokinin
Chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin (chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenum, where it performs proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides. Trypsin and Chymotrypsin are eC 3.4.21 and proteases.
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner that impairs the normal clearance of mucus from the lungs, which facilitates the colonization and infection of the lungs by bacteria, notably Staphylococcus aureus.
See Trypsin and Cystic fibrosis
Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.
Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
Endopeptidase
Endopeptidase or endoproteinase are proteolytic peptidases that break peptide bonds of nonterminal amino acids (i.e. within the molecule), in contrast to exopeptidases, which break peptide bonds from end-pieces of terminal amino acids.
Enteropeptidase
Enteropeptidase (also called enterokinase) is an enzyme produced by cells of the duodenum and is involved in digestion in humans and other animals. Trypsin and Enteropeptidase are eC 3.4.21.
See Trypsin and Enteropeptidase
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Enzyme inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity.
See Trypsin and Enzyme inhibitor
Enzyme kinetics
Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions.
See Trypsin and Enzyme kinetics
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Trypsin and Escherichia coli
Fas receptor
The Fas receptor, also known as Fas, FasR, apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAS gene.
Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Human digestive system
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).
See Trypsin and Human digestive system
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
Hypoallergenic
Hypoallergenic, meaning "below average" or "slightly" allergenic, is a term meaning that something (usually cosmetics, pets, textiles, food, etc.) causes fewer allergic reactions.
See Trypsin and Hypoallergenic
Ileus
Ileus is a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the intestine.
In vitro
In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
In-gel digestion
The in-gel digestion step is a part of the sample preparation for the mass spectrometric identification of proteins in course of proteomic analysis.
See Trypsin and In-gel digestion
Low-barrier hydrogen bond
A Low-barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB) is a special type of hydrogen bond.
See Trypsin and Low-barrier hydrogen bond
Lysine
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.
Macrophage
Macrophages (abbreviated Mφ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface.
Meconium
Meconium is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant resulting from defecation.
MEROPS
MEROPS is an online database for peptidases (also known as proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and their inhibitors. Trypsin and MEROPS are proteases.
Milk allergy
Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk.
Nucleophile
In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair.
Operating temperature
An operating temperature is the allowable temperature range of the local ambient environment at which an electrical or mechanical device operates.
See Trypsin and Operating temperature
PA clan of proteases
The PA clan ('''P'''roteases of mixed nucleophile, superfamily A) is the largest group of proteases with common ancestry as identified by structural homology. Trypsin and pA clan of proteases are proteases.
See Trypsin and PA clan of proteases
Pancreas
The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates.
Pancreatic duct
The pancreatic duct or duct of Wirsung (also, the major pancreatic duct due to the existence of an accessory pancreatic duct) is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct.
See Trypsin and Pancreatic duct
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.
Peptide
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Peptide bond
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.
Poikilotherm
A poikilotherm is an animal (Greek poikilos – 'various, spotted', and therme – 'heat) whose internal temperature varies considerably.
Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group but is rather a secondary amine.
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
See Trypsin and Protein isoform
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.
Proteomics
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins.
Protease, serine, 2 (trypsin 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRSS2 gene. Trypsin and PRSS2 are genes on human chromosome 7.
Protease, serine, 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRSS3 gene. Trypsin and PRSS3 are genes on human chromosome 9.
Serine
Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Serine protease
Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins. Trypsin and serine protease are eC 3.4.21 and proteases.
See Trypsin and Serine protease
Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich (formally MilliporeSigma) is an American chemical, life science, and biotechnology company owned by the multinational chemical conglomerate Merck Group Sigma-Aldrich was created in 1975 by the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical Company.
Small intestine
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place.
See Trypsin and Small intestine
SPINK1
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1) or tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPINK1 gene.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin.
See Trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.
See Trypsin and Thermodynamics
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism.
See Trypsin and Tissue culture
Tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) is a protease inhibitor.
See Trypsin and Tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Transparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without appreciable scattering of light.
See Trypsin and Transparency and translucency
Trypsin 1
Trypsin-1, also known as cationic trypsinogen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRSS1 gene. Trypsin and trypsin 1 are eC 3.4.21 and genes on human chromosome 7.
Trypsinization
Trypsinization is the process of cell dissociation using trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down proteins, to dissociate adherent cells from the vessel in which they are being cultured.
See Trypsin and Trypsinization
Trypsinogen
Trypsinogen is the precursor form (or zymogen) of trypsin, a digestive enzyme.
Vertebrate
Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Wilhelm Kühne
Wilhelm Friedrich Kühne (28 March 183710 June 1900) was a German physiologist.
Zymogen
In biochemistry, a zymogen, also called a proenzyme, is an inactive precursor of an enzyme.
See also
Cell culture reagents
- Alsever's solution
- Balanced salt solution
- Brefeldin A
- Calcein
- Cell culture media
- Fetal bovine serum
- Ficoll
- Fura-2
- Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester
- G418
- Ganciclovir
- Kanamycin A
- Neomycin
- Phosphate-buffered saline
- Resazurin
- Trypan blue
- Trypsin
- Tyrode's solution
- Voltage-sensitive dye
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsin
Also known as ATC code B06AA07, ATC code D03BA01, ATCvet code QB06AA07, ATCvet code QD03BA01, Coldzyme, Debrisol, EC 3.4.21.4, Trypsin proteolysis, Tryptic.
, Pancreatitis, Peptide, Peptide bond, Poikilotherm, Proline, Protein, Protein isoform, Proteolysis, Proteomics, PRSS2, PRSS3, Serine, Serine protease, Sigma-Aldrich, Small intestine, SPINK1, Staphylococcus aureus, Thermodynamics, Tissue culture, Tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, Transparency and translucency, Trypsin 1, Trypsinization, Trypsinogen, Vertebrate, Wilhelm Kühne, Zymogen.