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Tryptophan, the Glossary

Index Tryptophan

Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 180 relations: Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase, Acid–base homeostasis, Acree–Rosenheim reaction, Acta Crystallographica, Acute tryptophan depletion, Adamkiewicz reaction, Adjuvant therapy, Almond, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Amine, Amino acid, Anthranilic acid, Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, Aromatic amino acid, Aromatic compound, Atlantic cod, Attenuator (genetics), Auxin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Baking chocolate, Ball-and-stick model, Banana, Beef, Biosynthesis, Bipolar disorder, Blood–brain barrier, Blurred vision, Branched-chain amino acid, Buckwheat, Carbohydrate, Carbon dioxide, Carboxylic acid, Casein, Catalysis, CD98, Cell membrane, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cerebrospinal fluid, Cheddar cheese, Chemical compound, Chemical polarity, Chemical reaction, Chia seed, Chicken as food, Chickpea, Chloroform, Chocolate, Christmas, ... Expand index (130 more) »

  2. Aromatic amino acids
  3. Carbonic anhydrase activators
  4. Essential amino acids
  5. Glucogenic amino acids
  6. Ketogenic amino acids
  7. Monoamine precursors
  8. Proteinogenic amino acids
  9. Serotonin

Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase

N-Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase, also known as ASMT, is an enzyme which catalyzes the final reaction in melatonin biosynthesis: converting Normelatonin to melatonin.

See Tryptophan and Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase

Acid–base homeostasis

Acid–base homeostasis is the homeostatic regulation of the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF).

See Tryptophan and Acid–base homeostasis

Acree–Rosenheim reaction

The Acree–Rosenheim reaction is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tryptophan in proteins.

See Tryptophan and Acree–Rosenheim reaction

Acta Crystallographica

Acta Crystallographica is a series of peer-reviewed scientific journals, with articles centred on crystallography, published by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr).

See Tryptophan and Acta Crystallographica

Acute tryptophan depletion

Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a technique used extensively to study the effect of low serotonin in the brain. Tryptophan and Acute tryptophan depletion are serotonin.

See Tryptophan and Acute tryptophan depletion

Adamkiewicz reaction

The Adamkiewicz reaction is part of a biochemical test used to detect the presence of the amino acid tryptophan in proteins.

See Tryptophan and Adamkiewicz reaction

Adjuvant therapy

Adjuvant therapy, also known as adjunct therapy, adjuvant care, or augmentation therapy, is a therapy that is given in addition to the primary or initial therapy to maximize its effectiveness.

See Tryptophan and Adjuvant therapy

Almond

The almond (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis) is a species of tree from the genus Prunus.

See Tryptophan and Almond

American Academy of Sleep Medicine

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) is a United States professional society for the medical subspecialty of sleep medicine which includes disorders of circadian rhythms.

See Tryptophan and American Academy of Sleep Medicine

Amine

In chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.

See Tryptophan and Amine

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

See Tryptophan and Amino acid

Anthranilic acid

Anthranilic acid is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H) and has a sweetish taste.

See Tryptophan and Anthranilic acid

Antidepressant

Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction.

See Tryptophan and Antidepressant

Anxiolytic

An anxiolytic (also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety.

See Tryptophan and Anxiolytic

Aromatic amino acid

An aromatic amino acid is an amino acid that includes an aromatic ring. Tryptophan and aromatic amino acid are aromatic amino acids.

See Tryptophan and Aromatic amino acid

Aromatic compound

Aromatic compounds or arenes usually refers to organic compounds "with a chemistry typified by benzene" and "cyclically conjugated." The word "aromatic" originates from the past grouping of molecules based on odor, before their general chemical properties were understood.

See Tryptophan and Aromatic compound

Atlantic cod

The Atlantic cod (cod; Gadus morhua) is a fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans.

See Tryptophan and Atlantic cod

Attenuator (genetics)

In genetics, attenuation is a regulatory mechanism for some bacterial operons that results in premature termination of transcription.

See Tryptophan and Attenuator (genetics)

Auxin

Auxins (plural of auxin) are a class of plant hormones (or plant-growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics.

See Tryptophan and Auxin

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a species of bacterium in the genus Bacillus that is the source of the BamHI restriction enzyme.

See Tryptophan and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges.

See Tryptophan and Bacillus subtilis

Baking chocolate

Baking chocolate, or cooking chocolate, is chocolate intended to be used for baking and in sweet foods that may or may not be sweetened.

See Tryptophan and Baking chocolate

Ball-and-stick model

In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them.

See Tryptophan and Ball-and-stick model

Banana

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.

See Tryptophan and Banana

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (Bos taurus).

See Tryptophan and Beef

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occuring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products.

See Tryptophan and Biosynthesis

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks.

See Tryptophan and Bipolar disorder

Blood–brain barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood.

See Tryptophan and Blood–brain barrier

Blurred vision

Blurred vision is an ocular symptom where vision becomes less precise and there is added difficulty to resolve fine details.

See Tryptophan and Blurred vision

Branched-chain amino acid

A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms).

See Tryptophan and Branched-chain amino acid

Buckwheat

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) or common buckwheat is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop.

See Tryptophan and Buckwheat

Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).

See Tryptophan and Carbohydrate

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

See Tryptophan and Carbon dioxide

Carboxylic acid

In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group attached to an R-group.

See Tryptophan and Carboxylic acid

Casein

Casein (from Latin caseus "cheese") is a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, aS2, β, κ) that are commonly found in mammalian milk, comprising about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 60% of the proteins in human milk.

See Tryptophan and Casein

Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.

See Tryptophan and Catalysis

CD98

CD98 is a glycoprotein that is a heterodimer composed of SLC3A2 and SLC7A5 that forms the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1).

See Tryptophan and CD98

Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

See Tryptophan and Cell membrane

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.

See Tryptophan and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.

See Tryptophan and Cerebrospinal fluid

Cheddar cheese

Cheddar cheese (or simply cheddar) is a natural cheese that is relatively hard, off-white (or orange if colourings such as annatto are added), and sometimes sharp-tasting.

See Tryptophan and Cheddar cheese

Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.

See Tryptophan and Chemical compound

Chemical polarity

In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

See Tryptophan and Chemical polarity

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

See Tryptophan and Chemical reaction

Chia seed

Chia seeds are the edible seeds of Salvia hispanica, a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to central and southern Mexico, or of the related Salvia columbariae, Salvia polystachia, or Salvia tiliifolia.

See Tryptophan and Chia seed

Chicken as food

Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world.

See Tryptophan and Chicken as food

Chickpea

The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae.

See Tryptophan and Chickpea

Chloroform

Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula and a common solvent.

See Tryptophan and Chloroform

Chocolate

Chocolate or cocoa is a food made from roasted and ground cocoa seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods.

See Tryptophan and Chocolate

Christmas

Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.

See Tryptophan and Christmas

Circadian rhythm

A circadian rhythm, or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.

See Tryptophan and Circadian rhythm

Cochrane Library

The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations.

See Tryptophan and Cochrane Library

Corynebacterium glutamicum

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is used industrially for large-scale production of amino acids, especially glutamic acid and lysine.

See Tryptophan and Corynebacterium glutamicum

Cottage cheese

Cottage cheese is a curdled milk product with a mild flavour and a creamy, heterogeneous, soupy texture, made from skimmed milk.

See Tryptophan and Cottage cheese

Date palm

Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as the date palm, is a flowering-plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit called dates.

See Tryptophan and Date palm

Decarboxylation

Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2).

See Tryptophan and Decarboxylation

Deprotonation

Deprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H+) from a Brønsted–Lowry acid in an acid–base reaction.

See Tryptophan and Deprotonation

Diarrhea

Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day.

See Tryptophan and Diarrhea

Dietary supplement

A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person's diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid. Tryptophan and dietary supplement are dietary supplements.

See Tryptophan and Dietary supplement

Dimerization (chemistry)

In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds.

See Tryptophan and Dimerization (chemistry)

Disease outbreak

In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the location or season.

See Tryptophan and Disease outbreak

Drug interaction

In pharmaceutical sciences, drug interactions occur when a drug's mechanism of action is affected by the concomitant administration of substances such as foods, beverages, or other drugs.

See Tryptophan and Drug interaction

Egg white

Egg white is the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg.

See Tryptophan and Egg white

Eggs as food

Humans and their hominid relatives have consumed eggs for millions of years.

See Tryptophan and Eggs as food

Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome

Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome is a rare, sometimes fatal neurological condition linked to the ingestion of the dietary supplement L-tryptophan.

See Tryptophan and Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome

Escherichia coli

Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.

See Tryptophan and Escherichia coli

Essential amino acid

An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized from scratch by the organism fast enough to supply its demand, and must therefore come from the diet. Tryptophan and essential amino acid are essential amino acids.

See Tryptophan and Essential amino acid

Euphoria

Euphoria is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.

See Tryptophan and Euphoria

Felix Ehrlich

Felix Ehrlich (16 June 1877 in Harriehausen (today incorporated into Bad Gandersheim) – 23 January 1942 in Obernigk near Breslau) was a German chemist and biochemist.

See Tryptophan and Felix Ehrlich

Fish

A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.

See Tryptophan and Fish

Food and Drug Administration

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.

See Tryptophan and Food and Drug Administration

Frederick Gowland Hopkins

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947) was an English biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, with Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery of vitamins.

See Tryptophan and Frederick Gowland Hopkins

Fructose malabsorption

Fructose malabsorption, formerly named dietary fructose intolerance (DFI), is a digestive disorder in which absorption of fructose is impaired by deficient fructose carriers in the small intestine's enterocytes.

See Tryptophan and Fructose malabsorption

Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins.

See Tryptophan and Genetic code

Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology.

See Tryptophan and Genetic engineering

Genetically modified bacteria

Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics.

See Tryptophan and Genetically modified bacteria

Genetically modified organism

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

See Tryptophan and Genetically modified organism

Glycan-protein interactions

Glycan-Protein interactions represent a class of biomolecular interactions that occur between free or protein-bound glycans and their cognate binding partners.

See Tryptophan and Glycan-protein interactions

Headache

Headache, also known as cephalalgia, is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck.

See Tryptophan and Headache

Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use.

See Tryptophan and Hemp

Hopkins–Cole reaction

The Hopkins-Cole reaction, also known as the glyoxylic acid reaction, is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tryptophan in proteins.

See Tryptophan and Hopkins–Cole reaction

Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.

See Tryptophan and Hormone

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

See Tryptophan and Hydrolysis

Hydroxy group

In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom.

See Tryptophan and Hydroxy group

IC 348

IC 348 is a star-forming region in the constellation Perseus located about 1,000 light years from the Sun.

See Tryptophan and IC 348

Indole

Indole is an organic compound with the formula.

See Tryptophan and Indole

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO or INDO) is a heme-containing enzyme physiologically expressed in a number of tissues and cells, such as the small intestine, lungs, female genital tract or placenta.

See Tryptophan and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Industrial fermentation

Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation in manufacturing processes.

See Tryptophan and Industrial fermentation

Insomnia

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

See Tryptophan and Insomnia

Insulin

Insulin (from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene.

See Tryptophan and Insulin

Interstellar medium

The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.

See Tryptophan and Interstellar medium

Kynurenine

-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid -tryptophan used in the production of niacin. Tryptophan and Kynurenine are Alpha-Amino acids.

See Tryptophan and Kynurenine

Kynurenine pathway

The kynurenine pathway The kynurenine pathway is a metabolic pathway leading to the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).

See Tryptophan and Kynurenine pathway

Lamb and mutton

Sheep meat is one of the most common meats around the world, taken from the domestic sheep, Ovis aries, and generally divided into lamb, from sheep in their first year, hogget, from sheep in their second, and mutton, from older sheep.

See Tryptophan and Lamb and mutton

Lightheadedness

Lightheadedness is a common and typically unpleasant sensation of dizziness or a feeling that one may faint.

See Tryptophan and Lightheadedness

Locant

In the nomenclature of organic chemistry, a locant is a term to indicate the position of a functional group or substituent within a molecule.

See Tryptophan and Locant

Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

See Tryptophan and Major depressive disorder

Medical guideline

A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline, standard treatment guideline, or clinical practice guideline) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare.

See Tryptophan and Medical guideline

Melatonin

Melatonin, an indoleamine, is a natural compound produced by various organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. Tryptophan and Melatonin are tryptamine alkaloids.

See Tryptophan and Melatonin

Membrane protein

Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes.

See Tryptophan and Membrane protein

Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

See Tryptophan and Microorganism

Milk

Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals.

See Tryptophan and Milk

Moiety (chemistry)

In organic chemistry, a moiety is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

See Tryptophan and Moiety (chemistry)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).

See Tryptophan and Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Mutation

In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

See Tryptophan and Mutation

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT or N,N-DMT) is a substituted tryptamine that occurs in many plants and animals, including humans, and which is both a derivative and a structural analog of tryptamine. Tryptophan and n,N-Dimethyltryptamine are tryptamine alkaloids.

See Tryptophan and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

N-acetyltransferase

N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines, arylhydroxylamines and arylhydrazines.

See Tryptophan and N-acetyltransferase

National Academy of Medicine

The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), known as the Institute of Medicine (IoM) until 2015, is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

See Tryptophan and National Academy of Medicine

Nausea

Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit.

See Tryptophan and Nausea

Negative feedback

Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.

See Tryptophan and Negative feedback

Neurohormone

A neurohormone is any hormone produced and released by neuroendocrine cells (also called neurosecretory cells) into the blood.

See Tryptophan and Neurohormone

Neurotransmitter

A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse.

See Tryptophan and Neurotransmitter

Niacin

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer ofvitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.

See Tryptophan and Niacin

Nystagmus

Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in some cases) eye movement.

See Tryptophan and Nystagmus

Oat

The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural).

See Tryptophan and Oat

Over-the-counter drug

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.

See Tryptophan and Over-the-counter drug

Parmesan

Parmesan (italics) is an Italian hard, granular cheese produced from cow's milk and aged at least 12 months or, outside the European Union, a locally produced imitation.

See Tryptophan and Parmesan

Peanut

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), goober pea, pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds.

See Tryptophan and Peanut

Perch

Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes.

See Tryptophan and Perch

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) is a pentose phosphate.

See Tryptophan and Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate

Pineal gland

The pineal gland (also known as the pineal body or epiphysis cerebri) is a small endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates.

See Tryptophan and Pineal gland

Placebo

A placebo is a substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value.

See Tryptophan and Placebo

Plant hormone

Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations.

See Tryptophan and Plant hormone

Postprandial somnolence

Postprandial somnolence (colloquially known as food coma, after-dinner dip, or "the itis") is a normal state of drowsiness or lassitude following a meal.

See Tryptophan and Postprandial somnolence

Poultry

Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of harvesting animal products such as meat, eggs or feathers.

See Tryptophan and Poultry

Precursor (chemistry)

In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

See Tryptophan and Precursor (chemistry)

Prescription drug

A prescription drug (also prescription medication, prescription medicine or prescription-only medication) is a pharmaceutical drug that is permitted to be dispensed only to those with a medical prescription.

See Tryptophan and Prescription drug

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

See Tryptophan and Protein

Protein biosynthesis

Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.

See Tryptophan and Protein biosynthesis

Proteinogenic amino acid

Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation. Tryptophan and Proteinogenic amino acid are Alpha-Amino acids and Proteinogenic amino acids.

See Tryptophan and Proteinogenic amino acid

Protonation

In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation) is the adding of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), usually denoted by H+, to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming a conjugate acid.

See Tryptophan and Protonation

Pumpkin seed

A pumpkin seed, also known as a pepita (from the Mexican pepita de calabaza, 'little seed of squash'), is the edible seed of a pumpkin or certain other cultivars of squash.

See Tryptophan and Pumpkin seed

Pyrophosphate

In chemistry, pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a linkage.

See Tryptophan and Pyrophosphate

Quinoa

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa;, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family.

See Tryptophan and Quinoa

Quinolinic acid

Quinolinic acid (abbreviated QUIN or QA), also known as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with a pyridine backbone.

See Tryptophan and Quinolinic acid

Raphe nuclei

The raphe nuclei (ῥαφή, "seam") are a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Tryptophan and raphe nuclei are serotonin.

See Tryptophan and Raphe nuclei

Red meat

In gastronomy, red meat is commonly red when raw (and a dark color after it is cooked), in contrast to white meat, which is pale in color before (and after) cooking.

See Tryptophan and Red meat

Reference Daily Intake

In the U.S. and Canada, the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products to indicate the daily intake level of a nutrient that is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of 97–98% of healthy individuals in every demographic in the United States.

See Tryptophan and Reference Daily Intake

Repressor

In molecular genetics, a repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers.

See Tryptophan and Repressor

Ribose

Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C5H10O5 and the linear-form composition H−(C.

See Tryptophan and Ribose

Salmon

Salmon (salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.

See Tryptophan and Salmon

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reoccurring episodes of psychosis that are correlated with a general misperception of reality.

See Tryptophan and Schizophrenia

Sedation

Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure.

See Tryptophan and Sedation

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.

See Tryptophan and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Serine

Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan and Serine are Alpha-Amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids and Proteinogenic amino acids.

See Tryptophan and Serine

Serotonin

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Tryptophan and Serotonin are tryptamine alkaloids.

See Tryptophan and Serotonin

Serotonin syndrome

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs.

See Tryptophan and Serotonin syndrome

Sesame

Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is a plant in the genus Sesamum, also called simsim, benne or gingelly.

See Tryptophan and Sesame

Shikimic acid

Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.

See Tryptophan and Shikimic acid

Showa Denko

, founded in 1939 by the merger of Nihon Electrical Industries and Showa Fertilizers, both established by a Japanese entrepreneur Nobuteru Mori, is a Japanese chemical company producing chemical products and industrial materials.

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Side effect

In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is unintended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.

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Skeletal formula

The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of its molecular geometry.

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Somnolence

Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).

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Soybean

The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.

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Space-filling model

In chemistry, a space-filling model, also known as a calotte model, is a type of three-dimensional (3D) molecular model where the atoms are represented by spheres whose radii are proportional to the radii of the atoms and whose center-to-center distances are proportional to the distances between the atomic nuclei, all in the same scale.

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Spectral line

A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum.

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Spirulina (dietary supplement)

Spirulina is a biomass of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and animals. Tryptophan and Spirulina (dietary supplement) are dietary supplements.

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Sunflower seed

A sunflower seed is a seed from a sunflower (Helianthus annuus).

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Tamarind

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical Africa and naturalized in Asia.

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Thanksgiving (United States)

Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.

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Transcription (biology)

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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Trp operon

The trp operon is a group of genes that are transcribed together, encoding the enzymes that produce the amino acid tryptophan in bacteria.

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Trypsin

Trypsin is an enzyme in the first section of the small intestine that starts the digestion of protein molecules by cutting long chains of amino acids into smaller pieces.

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Tryptamine

Tryptamine is an indolamine metabolite of the essential amino acid, tryptophan.

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Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

In enzymology, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is a heme enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of -tryptophan (-Trp) to L-kynurenine, as the first and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway.

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Tryptophan hydroxylase

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin.

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Tryptophan synthase

Tryptophan synthase or tryptophan synthetase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan.

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Tryptophol

Tryptophol is an aromatic alcohol that induces sleep in humans.

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Turkey meat

Turkey meat, commonly referred to as just turkey, is the meat from turkeys, typically domesticated turkeys, but also wild turkeys.

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Tyrosine

-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Tryptophan and tyrosine are Alpha-Amino acids, aromatic amino acids, Carbonic anhydrase activators, Glucogenic amino acids, Ketogenic amino acids, monoamine precursors and Proteinogenic amino acids.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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Vitamin B3

Vitamin B3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside.

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WebMD

WebMD is an American corporation which publishes online news and information about human health and well-being.

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William H. Oldendorf

William Henry Oldendorf (March 27, 1925 – December 14, 1992) was an American neurologist, physician, researcher, medical pioneer, founding member of the American Society for Neuroimaging (ASN), and originator of the technique of computed tomography.

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Xerostomia

Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is a subjective complaint of dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause.

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Yeast

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

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Yogurt

Yogurt (from; also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.

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Zwitterion

In chemistry, a zwitterion, also called an inner salt or dipolar ion, is a molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.

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5-Hydroxytryptophan

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan, is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan are Alpha-Amino acids, dietary supplements, monoamine precursors and serotonin.

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See also

Aromatic amino acids

Carbonic anhydrase activators

Essential amino acids

Glucogenic amino acids

Ketogenic amino acids

Monoamine precursors

Proteinogenic amino acids

Serotonin

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan

Also known as (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, ATC code N06AX02, ATCvet code QN06AX02, Alti-Tryptophan, Aminomine, L-Tryptophan, L-tryphan, Lyphan, Triptafan, Triptaphan, Triptofan, Triptofen, Triptophan, Triptophane, Tryptafan, Tryptan, Tryptaphan, Tryptofan, Tryptopan, Tryptophan biosynthesis, Tryptophan metabolism, Tryptophane, Turkey meat and drowsiness.

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