Turks in Germany, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 498 relations: Aachen, Abdulaziz, Abitur, Adnan Maral, Age of Enlightenment, Agnosticism, Ahmed Kutucu, Akın Eldes, Akif Çağatay Kılıç, Akif Pirinçci, Albanians in North Macedonia, Alev Lenz, Alev Tekinay, Alevism, Ali Gökdemir, Alle lieben Jimmy, Alliance 90/The Greens, Almanya: Welcome to Germany, Almila Bagriacik, Anatolia, Angela Merkel, Ankara, Arabesque (Turkish music), Arameans, Armenians, Arson, Arzu Karabulut, Aslı Bayram, Assyrian people, Atheism, Augustus II the Strong, Aycan Yanaç, Aydan Özoğuz, Aygül Özkan, Aykut Kayacık, Aylin Aslım, Aylin Tezel, Aylin Yaren, Azerbaijan national football team, Azize Tank, Ömer Toprak, Özay Fecht, Özcan Mutlu, Özgür Özata, Özgür Yıldırım, Ümit Davala, Ümit Karan, İdil Üner, İlhan Mansız, İlkay Gündoğan, ... Expand index (448 more) »

2. European diaspora in Germany
3. Islam in Germany
4. Labor in Germany
5. Turkish diaspora in Germany

Aachen

Aachen (French: Aix-la-Chapelle; Oche; Aquae Granni or Aquisgranum) is the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants.

See Turks in Germany and Aachen

Abdulaziz

Abdulaziz (ʿAbdü'l-ʿAzîz; Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was overthrown in a government coup.

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Abitur

Abitur, often shortened colloquially to Abi, is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany.

See Turks in Germany and Abitur

Adnan Maral

Adnan Maral (born 1 July 1968) is a Turkish-German actor best known for his role in the German comedy Türkisch für Anfänger. Turks in Germany and Adnan Maral are German people of Turkish descent.

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Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

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Agnosticism

Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact.

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Ahmed Kutucu

Ahmed Kutucu (born 1 March 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-forward for Turkish club Eyüpspor.

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Akın Eldes

Akın Eldes (born 11 November 1962) is a Turkish guitarist. Turks in Germany and Akın Eldes are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and Akın Eldes

Akif Çağatay Kılıç

Akif Çağatay Kılıç (born 15 June 1976) is a Turkish educator, politician, a former MP for Samsun Province of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), and the former Minister of Youth and Sports of Turkey.

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Akif Pirinçci

Akif Pirinçci (born 20 October 1959) is a Turkish-born German writer who is best known internationally for his novel Felidae.

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Albanians in North Macedonia

Albanians in North Macedonia (Shqiptarët në Maqedoninë e Veriut, translit) are ethnic Albanians who constitute the second largest ethnic group in North Macedonia, forming 446,245 individuals or 24.3% of the resident population. Turks in Germany and Albanians in North Macedonia are Muslim communities in Europe.

See Turks in Germany and Albanians in North Macedonia

Alev Lenz

Alev Lenz (born 17 January 1982, in Munich) is a Turkish–German, Grammy-nominated record producer, singer-songwriter and composer. Turks in Germany and Alev Lenz are German people of Turkish descent.

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Alev Tekinay

Alev Tekinay (born 1951) is a Turkish writer.

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Alevism

Alevism (Alevilik;; Ələvilik) is a heterodox and syncretic Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who supposedly taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams, whilst incorporating some traditions from Tengrism.

See Turks in Germany and Alevism

Ali Gökdemir

Ali Gutda Gökdemir (born 17 September 1991) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender.

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Alle lieben Jimmy

Alle lieben Jimmy (Everybody Loves Jimmy) was a German comedy television series which was produced by Bavaria Film GmbH for RTL between 2005 and 2007.

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Alliance 90/The Greens

Alliance 90/The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen), often simply referred to as Greens (Grüne), is a green political party in Germany.

See Turks in Germany and Alliance 90/The Greens

Almanya: Welcome to Germany

Almanya: Welcome to Germany (Almanya – Willkommen in Deutschland) (Almanya is Turkish for Germany) is a 2011 German comedy-drama film directed by Yasemin Şamdereli.

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Almila Bagriacik

Almila Bagriacik (born 10 July 1990) is a Turkish-German actress.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.

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Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel (born 17 July 1954) is a German retired politician who served as Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021 and was the first woman to hold that office.

See Turks in Germany and Angela Merkel

Ankara

Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and 5.8 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul, but first by the urban area (4,130 km2).

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Arabesque (Turkish music)

Arabesque (Arabesk) is a style of Turkish music popular in Turkey, the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.

See Turks in Germany and Arabesque (Turkish music)

Arameans

The Arameans, or Aramaeans (𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀,,; אֲרַמִּים; Ἀραμαῖοι; ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ), were a tribal Semitic people in the ancient Near East, first documented in historical sources from the late 12th century BC.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Arson

Arson is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property.

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Arzu Karabulut

Arzu Karabulut (born 30 January 1991) is a German-born Turkish footballer who plays as a midfielder in the Turkish Women's Football Super League for Galatasaray with jersey number 38, and the Turkey women's national team.

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Aslı Bayram

Aslı Bayram (born 1 April 1981) is a German actress, writer and beauty pageant titleholder. Turks in Germany and Aslı Bayram are German people of Turkish descent.

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Assyrian people

Assyrians are an indigenous ethnic group native to Mesopotamia, a geographical region in West Asia.

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Atheism

Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Augustus II the Strong

Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733.

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Aycan Yanaç

Aycan Yanaç (sometimes spelt Eidschan Janatsch; born 21 November 1998) is a German-born Turkish footballer, who plays as a forward for the Gaziantep-based ALG Spor in the Turkish Women's First League and for the Turkey women's national team.

See Turks in Germany and Aycan Yanaç

Aydan Özoğuz

Aydan Özoğuz (born 31 May 1967) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who has been serving as a Vice-president of the German Bundestag since October 2021.

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Aygül Özkan

Aygül Özkan (born 27 August 1971, in Hamburg) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as managing director of the German Property Federation (ZIA) since 2020.

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Aykut Kayacık

Aykut Kayacık (born 1962) is a Turkish-German actor. Turks in Germany and Aykut Kayacık are German people of Turkish descent.

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Aylin Aslım

Aylin Aslım (born 14 February 1976) is a Turkish singer, songwriter and actress.

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Aylin Tezel

Aylin Tezel (born 29 November 1983) is a German actress, writer and director. Turks in Germany and Aylin Tezel are German people of Turkish descent.

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Aylin Yaren

Aylin Yaren (born 30 August 1989 in Berlin, Germany) is a Turkish-German midfielder, who currently plays for FC Viktoria 1889 Berlin in Germany.

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The Azerbaijan national football team (Azərbaycan milli futbol komandası) is the national football team of Azerbaijan and is controlled by Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan.

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Azize Tank

Azize Tank (born January 1, 1950) is a Turkish-born German politician who served as an Immigration Officer for Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, and as a member of the Bundestag for Berlin representing The Left.

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Ömer Toprak

Ömer Toprak (born 21 July 1989) is a professional footballer who most recently played as a centre back for Süper Lig club Antalyaspor.

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Özay Fecht

Özay Fecht (born 1953) is a Turkish-German actress and jazz singer. Turks in Germany and Özay Fecht are German people of Turkish descent.

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Özcan Mutlu

Özcan Mutlu (born January 10, 1968) in Kelkit, Gümüşhane Province, Turkey, is a Turkish-German politician from the Green Party.

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Özgür Özata

Özgür Özata (born 17 February 1977) is a Turkish-German actor.

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Özgür Yıldırım

Özgür Yıldırım (born 12 September 1979, Dulsberg, West Germany) is a German-Turkish film director. Turks in Germany and Özgür Yıldırım are German people of Turkish descent.

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Ümit Davala

Ümit Aydın Davala (born 30 July 1973) is a Turkish football coach and former player.

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Ümit Karan

Ümit Karan (born October 1, 1976) is a Turkish football manager and former player who is currently the manager of Menemenspor.

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İdil Üner

İdil Üner (born 1 August 1971) is a German-Turkish actress. Turks in Germany and İdil Üner are German people of Turkish descent.

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İlhan Mansız

İlhan Mansız (born 10 August 1975) is a German-born Turkish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

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İlkay Gündoğan

İlkay Gündoğan (born 24 October 1990) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Barcelona and captains the Germany national team.

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İsmail YK

İsmail YK (born July 5, 1978, Hamm, Germany), born as İsmail Yurtseven, is a German Turk Arabesque and pop singer. Turks in Germany and İsmail YK are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and İsmail YK

Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg, commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France.

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Bahar Kizil

Bahar Kizil (Turkish: Bahar Kızıl; born 5 October 1988) is a German singer and songwriter of Turkish descent, best known as one of the founding members of the girl group Monrose, which won the fifth season of the German version of Popstars. Turks in Germany and Bahar Kizil are German people of Turkish descent.

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Bahri Mamluks

The Bahri Mamluks (translit), sometimes referred to as the Bahri dynasty, were the rulers of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from 1250 to 1382, following the Ayyubid dynasty.

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Baki Davrak

Baki Davrak (born 1971) is a Turkish-German actor who is known for his leading role in the film The Edge of Heaven (Auf der anderen Seite) which won the Prix du scénario at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. Turks in Germany and Baki Davrak are German people of Turkish descent.

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Baseball bat

A baseball bat is a smooth wooden or metal club used in the sport of baseball to hit the ball after it is thrown by the pitcher.

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Battle of Vienna

The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months.

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Bülent Akinci

Bülent Akıncı (born 10 March 1967) is a Turkish–German director and script writer.

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Bülent Ceylan

Bülent Ceylan (born 4 January 1976) is a German comedian and Kabarett artist. Turks in Germany and Bülent Ceylan are German people of Turkish descent.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Beirut

Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Berkay Özcan

Berkay Özcan (born 15 February 1998) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for İstanbul Başakşehir.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Berlin Cup

The Berliner Landespokal (Berlin Cup) is an annual football cup competition held by the Berlin Football Association (German: Berliner Fußballverband, BFV).

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Berlin International Film Festival

The Berlin International Film Festival (Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin), usually called the Berlinale, is a major international film festival held annually in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlin Türkspor 1965

Türkspor Berlin is a German association football club from the city of Berlin.

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Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).

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Berlin-Liga

The Berlin-Liga (VI), formerly the Verbandsliga Berlin, is the highest league for football teams exclusively in the German capital.

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Bild

Bild or Bild-Zeitung is a German tabloid newspaper published by Axel Springer SE.

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Birol Ünel

Birol Ünel (18 August 1961 – 3 September 2020) was a Turkish-German actor who played in German and Turkish films, television, and theatrical productions. Turks in Germany and Birol Ünel are German people of Turkish descent.

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Bloomberg L.P.

Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Bochum

Bochum (also,; Baukem) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Bonn

Bonn is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine.

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Bora Dağtekin

Bora Dagtekin (born 27 October 1978) is a German screenwriter and film director who has directed several of the most successful German-language films, notably Fack ju Göhte. Turks in Germany and Bora Dağtekin are German people of Turkish descent.

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Brackenheim

Brackenheim is a town in the ''Landkreis'' Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

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Bremen

Bremen (Low German also: Breem or Bräm), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen), is the capital of the German state of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.

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British Turks

British Turks (Britanyalı Türkler) or Turks in the United Kingdom (Birleşik Krallık'taki Türkler) are Turkish people who have immigrated to the United Kingdom. Turks in Germany and British Turks are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Buda

Buda was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and, since 1873, has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

See Turks in Germany and Bulgaria

Bulgarian nationality law

Bulgarian nationality law is governed by the Constitution of Bulgaria (article 25 and 26) of 1991 and the citizenship law of 1999 (with changes made in various years through to 2009).

See Turks in Germany and Bulgarian nationality law

Bulgarian Turks

Bulgarian Turks (български турци; Bulgaristan Türkleri) are ethnic Turks from Bulgaria. Turks in Germany and Bulgarian Turks are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Bulgarisation

Bulgarisation (българизация), also known as Bulgarianisation (побългаряване) is the spread of Bulgarian culture beyond the Bulgarian ethnic space.

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Bundestag

The Bundestag ("Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament and the lower of two federal chambers, opposed to the upper chamber, the Bundesrat.

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C. H. Beck

Verlag C.H. BECK oHG, established in 1763 by Carl Gottlob Beck, is one of Germany's oldest publishing houses.

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Cansel Kiziltepe

Cansel Kiziltepe (born 8 October 1975) is a German economist and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as State Minister (''Senator'') for Labour, Social Affairs, Equality, Integration, Diversity and Anti-Discrimination in the government of Governing Mayor Kai Wegner since 2023.

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Cem Özdemir

Cem Özdemir (born 21 December 1965) is a German politician who currently serves as Federal Minister of Food and Agriculture since 2021. Turks in Germany and Cem Özdemir are German people of Turkish descent.

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Cemile Giousouf

Cemile Giousouf (Τζεμιλέ Γιουσούφ; born 5 May 1978) is a German politician; she was the first ever Muslim member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), serving as Member of the Bundestag for one legislative term from 2013 until 2017. Turks in Germany and Cemile Giousouf are German people of Turkish descent.

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Cenk Tosun

Cenk Tosun (born 7 June 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Süper Lig club Fenerbahçe and the Turkey national team.

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Ceyhun Gülselam

Ceyhun Gülselam (born 25 December 1987) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a center back and defensive midfielder.

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Chiko

Chiko is a German 2008 film written and directed by Özgür Yıldırım.

See Turks in Germany and Chiko

Christian Democratic Union of Germany

The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands; CDU) is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

See Turks in Germany and Christianity

Cihan Özkara

Cihan Özkara (born 14 July 1991) is a German-born Azerbaijani professional footballer who most recently played as a forward for German club Rot Weiss Ahlen.

See Turks in Germany and Cihan Özkara

Clergy

Clergy are formal leaders within established religions.

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Code-switching

In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation.

See Turks in Germany and Code-switching

Cologne

Cologne (Köln; Kölle) is the largest city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the Cologne Bonn urban region.

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Cologne Central Mosque

The Cologne Central Mosque (DITIB-Zentralmoschee Köln, Köln Merkez-Camii) is a building commissioned by German Muslims of the Organization DİTİB for a large, representative Zentralmoschee (central mosque) in Cologne, Germany.

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Conservatism

Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values.

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COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Cultural assimilation

Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assimilates the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially.

See Turks in Germany and Cultural assimilation

Culture of Germany

The culture of Germany has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular.

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Cypriot intercommunal violence

Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus.

See Turks in Germany and Cypriot intercommunal violence

Cypriot nationality law

Cypriot nationality law details the conditions by which a person is a national of Cyprus.

See Turks in Germany and Cypriot nationality law

Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Darmstadt

Darmstadt is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region).

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Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany.

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Demir Gökgöl

Demir Gökgöl (15 July 1937 – 22 March 2012) was a Turkish-German actor.

See Turks in Germany and Demir Gökgöl

Demographics of Germany

The demography of Germany is monitored by the Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office of Germany).

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Denis Moschitto

Denis Moschitto (born 22 June 1977) is a German actor best known for his roles in Kebab Connection (2005), Chiko (2008) and In the Fade (2017). Turks in Germany and Denis Moschitto are German people of Turkish descent.

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Deniz Aytekin

Deniz Aytekin (born 21 July 1978) is a German football referee.

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Deutsche Welle

("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.

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Deutschlandfunk

Deutschlandfunk (DLF, Broadcast Germany) is a public-broadcasting radio station in Germany, concentrating on news and current affairs.

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Die Rheinpfalz

Die Rheinpfalz is a German–language regional newspaper based in Ludwigshafen, Germany.

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Die Welt

("The World") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE.

See Turks in Germany and Die Welt

Dilan Ağgül

Dilan Ağgül (born 3 August 1998) is a German-born Turkish footballer who plays as a midfielder for 2. Frauen-Bundesliga club FSV Gütersloh 2009 and the Turkey national team.

See Turks in Germany and Dilan Ağgül

DJ Quicksilver

Orhan Terzi (born 28 June 1964), better known by his stage name DJ Quicksilver, is a German-Turkish DJ and music producer. Turks in Germany and DJ Quicksilver are German people of Turkish descent.

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DJ Sakin

Sakin Bozkurt (born 2 August 1967), known by his stage name DJ Sakin, is a Turkish-German trance music producer.

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Django Asül

Django Asül (born April 19, 1972) is a Turkish-German actor and comedian. Turks in Germany and Django Asül are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and Django Asül

Dobruja

Dobruja or Dobrudja (Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea, or; Zadunav"ya; Dobruca) is a geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.

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Doner kebab

Doner kebab (döner or döner kebap), also spelled as döner kebab, is a dish of Turkish origin made of meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie.

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Dortmund

Dortmund (Düörpm; Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the ninth-largest city in Germany.

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Dresden

Dresden (Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.

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Duchy of Courland and Semigallia

The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Ducatus Curlandiæ et Semigalliæ; Herzogtum Kurland und Semgallen; Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste; Kuršo ir Žiemgalos kunigaikštystė; Księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii) was a duchy in the Baltic region, then known as Livonia, that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a nominally vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently made part of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom from 1569 to 1726 and incorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1726.

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Duisburg

Duisburg (Duisborg) is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

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East Germany

East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.

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Ebru Uzungüney

Ebru Uzungüney (born 13 May 1997) is a German-born Turkish footballer who plays as a defender for 1. FSV Mainz 05 and the Turkey women's national team.

See Turks in Germany and Ebru Uzungüney

Ecem Cumert

Ecem Cumert (born 7 February 1998) is a German-born Turkish footballer, who plays as a midfielder for Turkish Women's Super League club Fenerbahçe and the Turkey national team.

See Turks in Germany and Ecem Cumert

Ekin Deligöz

Ekin Deligöz (born 21 April 1971) is a Turkish-German politician of Alliance '90/The Greens who has been serving as Parliamentary State Secretary in the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth in the coalition government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz since 2021.

See Turks in Germany and Ekin Deligöz

Eko Fresh

Ekrem Bora (born 3 September 1983), better known by his stage name Eko Fresh, is a German rapper of Turkish descent. Turks in Germany and Eko Fresh are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and Eko Fresh

Electorate of Saxony

The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (Kurfürstentum Sachsen or), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806.

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Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C.

The German Embassy in Washington, D.C. is the Federal Republic of Germany's diplomatic mission to the United States.

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Emine Sevgi Özdamar

Emine Sevgi Özdamar (born 10 August 1946) is a writer, director, and actress of Turkish origin who resides in Germany and has resided there for many years. Turks in Germany and Emine Sevgi Özdamar are German people of Turkish descent.

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Emre Can

Emre Can (born 12 January 1994) is a German professional footballer who plays for Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund, which he captains, and the Germany national team.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.

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Ercan Özçelik

Ercan Özçelik (Ercan Oezcelik) (born 12 August 1966 in Ordu, Turkey) is a German actor with Turkish roots. Turks in Germany and Ercan Özçelik are German people of Turkish descent.

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Ercandize

Ercan Kocer (born April 12, 1978), better known as Ercandize is a German rapper of Turkish ancestry and a certificated economist. Turks in Germany and Ercandize are German people of Turkish descent.

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Erden Alkan

Erden Alkan (born 12 February 1941) is a Turkish actor living in Germany.

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Erdoğan Atalay

Erdoğan Atalay (born 22 September 1966) is a German actor. Turks in Germany and Erdoğan Atalay are German people of Turkish descent.

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Erhan Emre

Erhan Emre (born 4 September 1978) is a Turkish–German actor, director, film producer and writer. Turks in Germany and Erhan Emre are German people of Turkish descent.

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Erol Sander

Erol Sander (born 9 November 1968 as Urçun Salihoğlu) is a Turkish-German actor.

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Essen

Essen is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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European Union citizenship

European Union citizenship is afforded to all nationals of member states of the European Union (EU).

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Fahri Yardım

Fahri Ogün Yardım (born 4 July 1980) is a German actor. Turks in Germany and Fahri Yardım are German people of Turkish descent.

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Fahriye Evcen

Fahriye Evcen Özçivit (born 4 June 1986) is a German-born Turkish actress and model. Turks in Germany and Fahriye Evcen are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and Fahriye Evcen

Fall of the Berlin Wall

The fall of the Berlin Wall (Mauerfall) on November 9, 1989, during the Peaceful Revolution, marked the beginning of the destruction of the Berlin Wall and the figurative Iron Curtain, as East Berlin transit restrictions were overwhelmed and discarded.

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Falter

Falter (Butterfly) is a weekly Austrian news magazine published in Vienna.

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Family reunification

Family reunification is a recognized reason for immigration in many countries because of the presence of one or more family members in a certain country, therefore, enables the rest of the divided family or only specific members of the family to emigrate to that country as well.

See Turks in Germany and Family reunification

Fascism

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

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Fatih Akin

Fatih Akin (Fatih Akın, born 25 August 1973) is a Turkish-German film director, screenwriter and producer. Turks in Germany and Fatih Akin are German people of Turkish descent.

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Fatma Işık

Fatma Işık (born 20 April 1991) is a Turkish-German women's football defender currently playing in the German Regional League South for FV Löchgau.

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Fatma Kara

Fatma Kara Şahinbaş (born Fatma Kara; 15 June 1991) is a Turkish women's football midfielder, who plays in Turkish Women's Football Super League for Fenerbahçe.

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Federal Statistical Office of Germany

The Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, shortened Destatis) is a federal authority of Germany.

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Feride Bakır

Feride Bakır (born June 26, 1992) is a Turkish-German female football defender, who played in the German top women's league lately for Bayer 04 Leverkusen until 2013.

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Feridun Zaimoğlu

Feridun Zaimoğlu (born 4 December 1964, in Bolu) is a German author and visual artist of Turkish descent.

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Figen Yüksekdağ

Figen Yüksekdağ Şenoğlu (born 19 December 1971) is a Turkish politician and journalist, who was a former co-leader of the left-wing Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) of Turkey from 2014 to 2017, serving alongside Selahattin Demirtaş.

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First language

A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.

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Frankenberg, Hesse

Frankenberg an der Eder is a town in Waldeck-Frankenberg district, Hesse, Germany.

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Frankfurt

Frankfurt am Main ("Frank ford on the Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse.

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Frederick Augustus Rutowsky

Frederick Augustus, Count Rutowsky (also written Rutowski) (Warsaw/Dresden, 19 June 1702 – Pillnitz, 16 March 1764), was a Saxon field marshal who commanded Saxon forces in the Siege of Pirna during the Seven Years' War. Turks in Germany and Frederick Augustus Rutowsky are German people of Turkish descent.

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Frederick the Great

Frederick II (Friedrich II.; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was the monarch of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.

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Frederick William I of Prussia

Frederick William I (Friedrich Wilhelm I.; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the Soldier King (Soldatenkönig), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 till his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuchâtel.

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Free Democratic Party (Germany)

The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP) is a liberal political party in Germany.

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Freedom of movement

Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".

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Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union

The freedom of movement for workers is a policy chapter of the acquis communautaire of the European Union.

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Gandi Mukli

Gandi Mukli (born 1968, Munich, West Germany) is a German actor. Turks in Germany and Gandi Mukli are German people of Turkish descent.

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Gastarbeiter

paren;; both singular and plural) are foreign or migrant workers, particularly those who had moved to West Germany between 1955 and 1973, seeking work as part of a formal guest worker program (Gastarbeiterprogramm). As a result, guestworkers are generally considered temporary migrants because their residency in the country of immigration is not yet determined to be permanent.

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Gökhan Töre

Gökhan Töre (born 20 January 1992) is a professional footballer who most recently played as a winger for Konyaspor.

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Gülcan Kamps

Gülcan Kamps (née Karahancı, born 20 September 1982) is a German TV presenter and video jockey of Turkish descent. Turks in Germany and Gülcan Kamps are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and Gülcan Kamps

Gülistan Yüksel

Gülistan Yüksel (born 27 March 1962) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag, the German parliament, since 2013.

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Günter Wallraff

Günter Wallraff (born 1 October 1942) is a German writer and undercover journalist.

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Güven Yalçın

Güven Yalçın (born 18 January 1999) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Fatih Karagümrük on loan from the Italian club Genoa.

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Gelsenkirchen

Gelsenkirchen (Gelsenkiärken) is the 25th-most populous city of Germany and the 11th-most populous in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with 262,528 (2016) inhabitants.

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Geoffrey R. Denton

Geoffrey R. Denton (born 1931) is a British economist.

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Georgetown University Press

Georgetown University Press is a university press affiliated with Georgetown University that publishes about forty new books a year.

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Gerhard Schröder

Gerhard Fritz Kurt "Gerd" Schröder (born 7 April 1944) is a German former politician who was the chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005.

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German Chancellery

The German Chancellery (Bundeskanzleramt,, more faithfully translated as Federal Chancellery or Office of the Federal Chancellor) is an agency serving the executive office of the chancellor of Germany, the head of the federal government, currently Olaf Scholz.

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German dialects

German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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German nationality law

German nationality law details the conditions by which an individual is a national of Germany.

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German reunification

German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single full sovereign state, which took place between 9 November 1989 and 15 March 1991.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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The Germany national football team (Deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft) represents Germany in men's international football and played its first match in 1908.

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The Germany women's national football team (Deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft der Frauen) represents Germany in international women's football.

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Germany–Turkey relations

German–Turkish relations have their beginnings in the times of the Ottoman Empire and they have culminated in the development of strong bonds with many facets that include economic, military, cultural and social relations.

See Turks in Germany and Germany–Turkey relations

Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi

Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi (1749, in Kandiye (Heraklion) – 29 October 1798, in Berlin) was a late-18th century Ottoman ambassador and author.

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Goethe-Gesellschaft

The (Goethe Society), not to be confused with the Goethe-Institut, is a literary and scientific organisation to explore the literary work of the German poet and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

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Gold (2013 film)

Gold is a 2013 German Western film directed by Thomas Arslan.

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Great Turkish War

The Great Turkish War (Großer Türkenkrieg), also called the Wars of the Holy League (Kutsal İttifak Savaşları), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia, and the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Greek government-debt crisis

Greece faced a sovereign debt crisis in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–2008.

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Greek junta

The Greek junta or Regime of the Colonels was a right-wing military junta that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974.

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Greek nationality law

Nationality law of Greece is based on the principle of jus sanguinis.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Grey Wolves (organization)

The Grey Wolves (Bozkurtlar), officially known by the short name Idealist Hearths (Ülkü Ocakları), is a Turkish far-right political movement and the youth wing of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).

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Grimme-Preis

The Grimme-Preis ("Grimme Award"; prior to 2011: Adolf-Grimme-Preis) is one of the most prestigious German television awards.

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Hakan Çalhanoğlu

Hakan Çalhanoğlu (born 8 February 1994) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Inter Milan and captains the Turkey national team.

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Hakan Balta

Hakan Kadir Balta (born 23 March 1983) is a retired Turkish professional footballer who played as a defender for Galatasaray in the Süper Lig.

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Hakkı Keskin

Hakkı Keskin (born 12 February 1943 in Maçka, Trabzon, Turkey) is a Turkish-German politician with the Left Party (die Linkspartei), formerly of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and a professor of Political Science. Turks in Germany and Hakkı Keskin are German people of Turkish descent.

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Halil Altıntop

Halil Altıntop (born 8 December 1982) is a Turkish former professional footballer.

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Haluk Piyes

Haluk Piyes (born March 30, 1975) is a Turkish-German actor. Turks in Germany and Haluk Piyes are German people of Turkish descent.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.

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Hamit Altıntop

Hamit Altıntop (born 8 December 1982) is a Turkish former professional footballer and current board member of the Turkish Football Federation.

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Hanau

Hanau is a city in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany.

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Hanau shootings

The Hanau shootings (Anschläge in Hanau) occurred on 19 February 2020, when nine people were killed and five others wounded in a terrorist shooting spree by a far-right extremist targeting three bars and a kiosk in Hanau, near Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany.

See Turks in Germany and Hanau shootings

Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung

Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (abbreviated HAZ) is a German newspaper with a circulation of 158,000 (as of 2009) and a widespread resonance all over Germany.

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Hanover

Hanover (Hannover; Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony.

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Hans Adam von Schöning

Hans Adam von Schöning (1 October 1641 – 28 August 1696) was a Generalfeldmarschall in the service of Brandenburg-Prussia and the Electorate of Saxony.

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Hasan Ali Kaldırım

Hasan Ali Kaldırım (born 9 December 1989) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a left wingback for Kayserispor.

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Hasret Kayikçi

Hasret Kayikçi (born 6 November 1991) is a German footballer who plays as a striker for SC Freiburg and the Germany national team.

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Hülya Duyar

Hülya Duyar (born 26 June 1970) is a Turkish actress. Turks in Germany and Hülya Duyar are German people of Turkish descent.

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Head injury

A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain.

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Head-On (film)

Head-On (Gegen die Wand, literally Against the Wall; Duvara Karşı) is a 2004 drama film written and directed by Fatih Akın.

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Heidelberg

Heidelberg (Heidlberg) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany.

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Heilbronn

Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, surrounded by Heilbronn District.

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Hells Angels

The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

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Helmut Kohl

Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990, Chancellor of Germany from 1990 to 1998 and Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998.

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Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia

Herne is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Hilmi Sözer

Hilmi Sözer (born 9 March 1970) is a Turkish-German actor. Turks in Germany and Hilmi Sözer are German people of Turkish descent.

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Hip hop music

Hip hop or hip-hop, also known as rap and formerly as disco rap, is a genre of popular music that originated in the early 1970s from the African American community.

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Holy Land

The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.

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Holy League (1684)

The Holy League (Latin: Sacra Ligua) of 1684 was a coalition of European nations formed during the Great Turkish War.

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House of Hanover

The House of Hanover (Haus Hannover) is a European, formerly royal house with roots tracing back to the 17th century.

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House of Wettin

The House of Wettin was a dynasty of German kings, prince-electors, dukes, and counts that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.

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Human sex ratio

The human sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population in the context of anthropology and demography.

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Ilter Tashkin

Ilter Tashkin, also spelled as Taşkın İlter, (born on 5 July 1994 in Berlin) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Turkish club Eyüpspor.

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Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

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Iraqi Turkmen

The Iraqi Turkmen (also spelled as Turkoman and Turcoman; Irak Türkmenleri), also referred to as Iraqi Turks, Turkish-Iraqis, the Turkish minority in Iraq, and the Iraqi-Turkish minority (translitIrāq; Irak Türkleri) are Iraq's third largest ethnic group.

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Iraqis in Germany

Iraqis in Germany include migrants from Iraq to Germany, as well as their descendants.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Islam in Germany

Islam's significance in Germany has largely increased after the labour migration in the 1960s and several waves of political refugees since the 1970s.

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Ismail Ertug

Ismail Ertug (İsmail Ertuğ; born 5 December 1975) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany from 2009 to 2023. Turks in Germany and Ismail Ertug are German people of Turkish descent.

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Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.

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Jale Arıkan

Jale Arıkan (born 22 August 1965) is a Turkish-German film and television actress. Turks in Germany and Jale Arıkan are German people of Turkish descent.

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language.

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John Milton Yinger

John Milton Yinger (July 6, 1916 – July 28, 2011) was an American sociologist who was president of the American Sociological Association 1976–1977.

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John Pilger

John Richard Pilger (9 October 1939 – 30 December 2023) was an Australian journalist, writer, scholar and documentary filmmaker.

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Jus sanguinis

Jus sanguinis ('right of blood') is a principle of nationality law by which nationality is determined or acquired by the nationality of one or both parents.

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Jus soli

Jus soli, meaning 'right of the soil', is the right of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship, also commonly referred to as birthright citizenship in some Anglophone countries, is a rule defining a person's nationality based on their birth in the territory of the country.

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Justice and Development Party (Turkey)

The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi,; AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democratic.

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Jytte Klausen

Jytte Klausen (born 21 February 1954) is a Danish-born scholar of politics who teaches at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts as the Lawrence A. Wien Professor of International Cooperation in the Department of Politics.

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Kaan Ayhan

Kaan Ayhan (born 10 November 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre back or a right back for Süper Lig club Galatasaray.

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Karl Boy-Ed

Karl Boy-Ed (September 14, 1872 – September 14, 1930) was the naval attaché at the Imperial German embassy in Washington, D.C. during World War I. Turks in Germany and Karl Boy-Ed are German people of Turkish descent.

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Kaya Yanar

Kaya Yanar (born 20 May 1973) is a German comedian, best known for his comedy show Was guckst du?! (Whatcha lookin' at?!). Turks in Germany and Kaya Yanar are German people of Turkish descent.

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Kebab

Kebab (كباب, kabāb, كباب,; kebap), kabob (North American), kebap, or kabab (Kashmir) is a variety of roasted meat dishes that originated in the Middle East.

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Kebab Connection

Kebab Connection is a 2004 German-Turkish comedy film with some slapstick that is set in Hamburg and directed by Anno Saul.

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Kenan Karaman

Kenan Karaman (born 5 March 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for and captains 2. Bundesliga club Schalke 04.

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Kenan Koçak

Kenan Koçak (born 5 January 1981) is a Turkish football coach and a former player.

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Kerem Demirbay

Kerem Demirbay (born 3 July 1993) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Süper Lig club Galatasaray.

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Kiezdeutsch

Kiezdeutsch is a variety of German spoken primarily by youth in urban spaces in which a high percentage of the population is multilingual and has an immigration background. Turks in Germany and Kiezdeutsch are Turkish diaspora in Germany.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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KPN

KPN (in full Koninklijke KPN N.V., also Royal KPN N.V.) is a Dutch telecommunications company.

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Kreuzberg

Kreuzberg is a district of Berlin, Germany.

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Kurdish language

Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.

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Kurdish population

The Kurdish population is estimated to be between 30 and 45 million.

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Kurt Seyit ve Şura

Kurt Seyit ve Şura is Turkish television drama based on a novel of the same name in a series.

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Lale Akgün

Dr.

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Lale Yavaş

Lale Yavaş (born 1978 in Brugg) is a Swiss and Turkish actress.

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Lebanese Civil War

The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990.

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Lebanese Turkmen

Lebanese Turkmen (Lübnan Türkmenleri; أتراك لبنان, Atrāk Lubnān), also known as the Lebanese Turks, are people of Turkish ancestry that live in Lebanon. Turks in Germany and Lebanese Turkmen are Turkish diaspora by country.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

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Levant

The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.

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Levin Öztunalı

Levin Mete Öztunalı (born 15 March 1996) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for 2. Bundesliga club Hamburger SV.

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Lilay Huser

Lilay Huser, formerly Lilay Erincin (born 1958), is a German-Turkish actress. Turks in Germany and Lilay Huser are German people of Turkish descent.

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List of diplomatic missions of Northern Cyprus

This is a list of diplomatic missions of Northern Cyprus.

See Turks in Germany and List of diplomatic missions of Northern Cyprus

List of German locations named after people and places of Turkish origin

This list includes streets and places in Germany named after people and places of Turkish origin, including Turkish Germans (especially in memory of victims of neo-Nazi murders), Turkish sister cities, and leading figures. Turks in Germany and list of German locations named after people and places of Turkish origin are Turkish diaspora in Germany.

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List of mosques in Germany

This is a list of mosques in Germany by states.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire

This list of states in the Holy Roman Empire includes any territory ruled by an authority that had been granted imperial immediacy, as well as many other feudal entities such as lordships, sous-fiefs, and allodial fiefs.

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List of Turkish Germans

The following is a list of notable Turkish Germans. Turks in Germany and list of Turkish Germans are German people of Turkish descent and Turkish diaspora in Germany.

See Turks in Germany and List of Turkish Germans

Ludwigshafen

Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (meaning "Ludwig's Port upon Rhine"), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim.

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Macedonians (ethnic group)

Macedonians (Makedonci) are a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group native to the region of Macedonia in Southeast Europe.

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Mahmut Özdemir

Mahmut Özdemir (born 23 June 1987 in Duisburg, Germany) is a German politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who has been a member of the Bundestag since 2013, representing the Duisburg II district.

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Mainz

Mainz (see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 35th-largest city.

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Malik Fathi

Malik Deniz Fathi (born 29 October 1983) is a German former professional footballer who played as a left-back.

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Mannheim

Mannheim (Palatine German: Mannem or Monnem), officially the University City of Mannheim (Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 21st-largest city, with a 2021 population of 311,831 inhabitants.

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Maria Anna Katharina Rutowska

Maria Anna Katharina Rutowska (1706–1746) was a Polish noblewoman.

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Maria Böhmer

Maria Böhmer (born 23 April 1950) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

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Martin Kesici

Martin Kesici (born 29 April 1973 in Berlin) is a German singer-songwriter and television personality. Turks in Germany and Martin Kesici are German people of Turkish descent.

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Mülheim

Mülheim, officially Mülheim an der Ruhr (Mölm; Müllem) and also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

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Mürtüz Yolcu

Mürtüz Yolcu (born 1961 in Iğdır, Turkey) is a German-Turkish actor and theatre festival founder. Turks in Germany and Mürtüz Yolcu are German people of Turkish descent.

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Mehmet Ekici

Mehmet Ekici (born 25 March 1990) is a professional footballer who most recently played as a central midfielder for Fenerbahçe.

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Mehmet Kurtuluş

Mehmet Kurtuluş (born 27 April 1972) is a Turkish-German actor. Turks in Germany and Mehmet Kurtuluş are German people of Turkish descent.

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Mehmet Scholl

Mehmet Tobias Scholl (born Mehmet Tobias Yüksel; 16 October 1970) is a German football manager and former player.

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Melike Pekel

Melike Pekel (born 14 April 1995) is a German-born Turkish footballer who plays as a forward for the Turkey women's national team.

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Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district.

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Member of the European Parliament

A member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament.

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Mennan Yapo

Mennan Yapo (born 1966) is a German director, screenwriter, producer and actor. Turks in Germany and Mennan Yapo are German people of Turkish descent.

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Meral Perin

Meral Perin (born 1965) is a Turkish-German actress. Turks in Germany and Meral Perin are German people of Turkish descent.

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Meryem Uzerli

Meryem Sarah Uzerli (born 12 August 1983) is a German Turkish model and actress best known for her starring role as Hurrem Sultan in Muhteşem Yüzyıl (2011-2013) and Kovan (2018). Turks in Germany and Meryem Uzerli are German people of Turkish descent.

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Mesut Özil

Mesut Özil (born 15 October 1988) is a German former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

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Metin Hakverdi

Metin Hakverdi (born 25 June 1969) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag for the Hamburg-Bergedorf-Harburg constituency since the 2013 German federal election.

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Michael Andregg

Michael Murphy Andregg (born 1951) is an American biologist, educator, researcher, and author known for his study of the causes of war, global problems related to war, sustainable development, intelligence ethics and his peace activism.

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Middle East

The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.

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Milliyet

Milliyet (Turkish for "nationality") is a daily newspaper published in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Minister-president

A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government where they preside over the council of ministers.

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Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)

The Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Turkey in charge of regulating activities related to sports and youth development in Republic of Turkey.

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Miss Germany

Miss Germany is a national beauty pageant in Germany.

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Monrose

Monrose was a German pop girl group, first established in November 2006.

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Mordkommission Istanbul

Mordkommission Istanbul (Istanbul Homicide Unit) is a German television series.

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Mousse T.

Mustafa Gündoğdu (born 2 October 1966), best known under his stage name Mousse T., is a German-Turkish DJ, record producer, film composer and judge on season 15 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar, the German version of Pop Idol. Turks in Germany and Mousse T. are German people of Turkish descent.

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MTV

MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable television channel.

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Muhabbet

Murat Ersen (born 3 August 1984), known by the stage name Muhabbet, is a Turkish-German singer. Turks in Germany and Muhabbet are German people of Turkish descent.

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Muhteşem Yüzyıl

Muhteşem Yüzyıl is a Turkish historical drama series.

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Multiculturalism

The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use.

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Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers.

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Multiple citizenship

Multiple citizenship (or multiple nationality) is a person's legal status in which a person is at the same time recognized by more than one country under its nationality and citizenship law as a national or citizen of that country.

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Munich

Munich (München) is the capital and most populous city of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany.

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Music of Turkey

The roots of traditional music in Turkey span across centuries to a time when the Seljuk Turks migrated to Anatolia and Persia in the 11th century and contains elements of both Turkic and pre-Turkic influences.

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Muslims

Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.

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Mustafa Doğan

Mustafa Doğan (born 1 January 1976) is a German former professional footballer of who played as a central defender.

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The National Socialist Underground (Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund), or NSU, was a German neo-Nazi militant organization active between 2001 and 2010, and uncovered in November 2011.

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The National Socialist Underground murders (NSU-Mordserie) were a series of racist murders by the German Neo-Nazi terrorist group National Socialist Underground (Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund; abbreviated NSU).

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Naturalization

Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-national of a country acquires the nationality of that country after birth.

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Nazan Eckes

Nazan Khol (Üngör; born 9 May 1976), better known as Nazan Eckes, is a German television presenter. Turks in Germany and Nazan Eckes are German people of Turkish descent.

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Nazım Sangaré

Nazım Sangaré (born 30 May 1994) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Fatih Karagümrük.

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Necla Kelek

Necla Kelek (pronounced; born December 31, 1957) is a Turkish-born German feminist and social scientist, holding a doctorate in this field, originally from Turkey.

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Neo-Nazism

Neo-Nazism comprises the post-World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazi ideology.

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Nesrin Şamdereli

Nesrin Şamdereli (born 1979) is a Turkish-German screenwriter and film director of Zaza origin. Turks in Germany and Nesrin Şamdereli are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and Nesrin Şamdereli

Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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New Statesman

The New Statesman (known from 1931 to 1964 as the New Statesman and Nation) is a British political and cultural news magazine published in London.

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North Macedonia

North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe.

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North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW, is a state (Land) in Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the most populous state in Germany. Apart from the city-states, it is also the most densely populated state in Germany. Covering an area of, it is the fourth-largest German state by size.

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Northern Cyprus

Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus.

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Nur Fettahoğlu

Asiye Nur Fettahoğlu (born 12 November 1980) is a Turkish-German actress, model, television presenter and fashion designer known for playing numerous characters in several films and television series, including her role as Mahidevran Sultan in Muhteşem Yüzyıl. Turks in Germany and nur Fettahoğlu are German people of Turkish descent.

See Turks in Germany and Nur Fettahoğlu

Nuremberg

Nuremberg (Nürnberg; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 544,414 (2023) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.

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Nuri Şahin

Nuri Şahin (born 5 September 1988) is a Turkish-German football manager and former professional player who played as a midfielder.

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Ogün Temizkanoğlu

Ogün Temizkanoğlu (born 6 October 1969) is a Turkish former international footballer.

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Olcay Şahan

Olcay Şahan (born 26 May 1987) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger or as an attacking midfielder for Ankaraspor.

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Opposition to immigration

Opposition to immigration, also known as anti-immigration, is a political ideology that seeks to restrict immigration.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Ozan Güven

Ozan Muharrem Güven (born 19 May 1975) is a Turkish film, TV series, and theatre actor and screenwriter. Turks in Germany and Ozan Güven are German people of Turkish descent.

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Ozan Musluoğlu

Ozan Musluoğlu is a Turkish musician best known as a former member of the Turkish ska-punk band Athena.

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Pamela Spence

Pamela Aslı Spence (born 25 February 1973) is a Turkish-English pop-rock singer and actress.

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Patricia Fernández-Kelly

Patricia Fernández-Kelly is a social anthropologist, academic and researcher.

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Pejorative

A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something.

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Pergamon Press

Pergamon Press was an Oxford-based publishing house, founded by Paul Rosbaud and Robert Maxwell, that published scientific and medical books and journals.

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Peter Lang (publisher)

Peter Lang is an academic publisher specializing in the humanities and social sciences.

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Pitchstone Publishing

Pitchstone Publishing is a publishing company based in Durham, North Carolina.

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Political party

A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections.

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Portland State University

Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university in Portland, Oregon, United States.

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Portland State Vanguard

Portland State Vanguard, formerly known as the Daily Vanguard and Vet's Extended, is an independent student newspaper for Portland State University, in Portland, Oregon, United States.

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Potsdam

Potsdam is the capital and largest city of the German state of Brandenburg.

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Premonition (2007 film)

Premonition is a 2007 American supernatural psychological thriller directed by Mennan Yapo and starring Sandra Bullock in the lead role, Julian McMahon, Nia Long, and Amber Valletta.

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Prime Minister of Turkey

The prime minister of Turkey, officially the prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı), was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Turkish Parliament and presided over the cabinet.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

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Prussian Army

The Royal Prussian Army (1701–1919, Königlich Preußische Armee) served as the army of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt

Since 2016, the government of Turkey has conducted a series of purges, enabled by a state of emergency in reaction to the failed coup attempt on 15 July that year.

See Turks in Germany and Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt

Raymond Taras

Raymond Taras (also Ray Taras) is a Canadian political scientist.

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Rüya Taner

Rüya Taner (born 1971) is a Turkish Cypriot pianist. Turks in Germany and Rüya Taner are German people of Turkish descent.

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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014.

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Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.

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Religion in Germany

Christianity is the largest religion in Germany.

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Renan Demirkan

Renan Demirkan (born 12 June 1955) is a German writer and actress.

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Revival Process

The "Revival Process" or the "Process of Rebirth" (Vazroditelen protses) refers to a policy of forced assimilation practiced by the socialist Bulgarian government in the 1980s (1984-1989).

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Rhineland-Palatinate

Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz; Rheinland-Pfalz; Rhoilond-Palz) is a western state of Germany.

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Rhythm and blues

Rhythm and blues, frequently abbreviated as R&B or R'n'B, is a genre of popular music that originated within African-American communities in the 1940s.

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Romani people in Turkey

The Romani people in Turkey (Türkiye'deki Romanlar) or Turks of Romani background (Roman kökenli Türk) are Turkish citizens and the biggest subgroup of the Turkish Roma.

See Turks in Germany and Romani people in Turkey

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Romanians

Romanians (români,; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a common culture and ancestry, they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2021 Romanian census found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Royal Saxon Army

The Royal Saxon Army (Königlich Sächsische Armee) was the military force of the Electorate (1682–1807) and later the Kingdom of Saxony (1807–1918).

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Running on Empty (2006 film)

Running on Empty (Der Lebensversicherer) is a 2006 German drama film directed by Bülent Akinci.

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Safety

Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm or other danger.

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Salih Özcan

Salih Özcan (born 11 January 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund.

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Sara Doorsoun

Sara Doorsoun-Khajeh (سارا دورسون خواجه, Sara Dursun; born 17 November 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defender for Frauen-Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt and the German national team.

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Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

The Scientific and Technological Research Institution of Turkey (Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK) is a national agency of Turkey whose stated goal is to develop "science, technology and innovation" (STI) policies, support and conduct research and development, and to "play a leading role in the creation of a science and technology culture" in the country.

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Second language

A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1).

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Selahattin Demirtaş

Selahattin Demirtaş (born 10 April 1973) is a Turkish politician and author of Zaza origin.

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Selin Dişli

Selin Dişli (born 15 April 1998) is a German-born Turkish footballer who plays as a defender for Regionalliga West club Bayer 04 Leverkusen II and the Turkey national team.

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Seljuk dynasty

The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (سلجوقیان Saljuqian, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire." or the Saljuqids, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia.

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Seljuk Empire

The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks.

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Selma Ergeç

Selma Sabina Ergeç (born 1 November 1978) is a Turkish-German actress, beauty pageant titleholder, model, designer, philologist, psychologist and doctor. Turks in Germany and Selma Ergeç are German people of Turkish descent.

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Sema Meray

Sema Meray (born 26 February 1968) is a Turkish actress and author. Turks in Germany and Sema Meray are German people of Turkish descent.

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Serdar Tasci

Serdar Tasci (Serdar Taşçı; born 24 April 1987) is a German former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

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Serhat Akın

Niyazi Serhat Akın (born 5 June 1981) is a Turkish former professional footballer who played as a striker.

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Sevim Çelebi-Gottschlich

Sevim Çelebi-Gottschlich (born in 1953 in Turkey) is a former German Politician (Alliance '90/The Greens when it was still the Alternative Liste).

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Short Sharp Shock (film)

Short Sharp Shock (Kurz und schmerzlos) is a 1998 film directed by Turkish-German director Fatih Akın.

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Sibel Kekilli

Sibel Kekilli (born 16 June 1980) is a German actress. Turks in Germany and Sibel Kekilli are German people of Turkish descent.

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Siege of Vienna (1529)

The Siege of Vienna, in 1529, was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the capital city of Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire.

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Siegen

Siegen is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Sinan Akkuş

Sinan Akkuş (born 17 December 1971) is a Turkish-German director, writer and actor.

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Sinan Toprak ist der Unbestechliche

Sinan Toprak ist der Unbestechliche is a German television series.

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The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands,; SPD) is a social democratic political party in Germany.

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Social integration is the process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host society.

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Sociolect

In sociolinguistics, a sociolect is a form of language (non-standard dialect, restricted register) or a set of lexical items used by a socioeconomic class, profession, age group, or other social group.

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Soul Kitchen (film)

Soul Kitchen is a 2009 German comedy film directed by Fatih Akın, with a screenplay by Akın and Adam Bousdoukos, based on Bousdoukos' story on his own experiences as the owner of a Greek tavern named "Taverna", where Akın was a regular customer.

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Springer Publishing

Springer Publishing Company is an American publishing company of academic journals and books, focusing on the fields of nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation (neuropsychology).

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Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

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Standard German phonology

The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language.

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Star Search

Star Search is an American television show that was produced by T.P.E./Rysher Entertainment from 1983 to 1995, hosted by Ed McMahon, and created by Al Masini.

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Stuttgart

Stuttgart (Swabian: italics) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Suat Serdar

Suat Serdar (born 11 April 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Hellas Verona.

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Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rûm) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071).

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Summer Love (2001 film)

O da Beni Seviyor or Summer Love is a 2001 Turkish drama film directed and written by Barış Pirhasan with Gül Dirican.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

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SUNY Press

The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system.

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Syrian Turkmen

Syrian Turkmen (translit; Suriye Türkmenleri) are Syrian citizens of Turkish origin who mainly trace their roots to Anatolia (i.e. modern Turkey).

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Tarkan (singer)

Tarkan Tevetoğlu (born 17 October 1972) is a German-born Turkish singer-songwriter. Turks in Germany and Tarkan (singer) are German people of Turkish descent.

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Tatars of Romania

Tatars of Romania, Tatars of Dobruja or Dobrujan Tatars (Dobrujan Tatar: Tatarlar "Tatars", Tătarii din România "Tatars from Romania") are a Turkic ethnic group that have been present in Romania since the 13th century. Turks in Germany and Tatars of Romania are Muslim communities in Europe.

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Tayfun Korkut

Tayfun Korkut (born 2 April 1974) is a football manager and former player.

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Tayfur Havutçu

Tayfur Havutçu (born 23 April 1970) is a Turkish football manager and former professional player who was most recently the manager of Süper Lig club Kasımpaşa.

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Türkisch für Anfänger

Türkisch für Anfänger ("Turkish for Beginners") is a German television comedy-drama series, which premiered on 14 March 2006 on Das Erste. Turks in Germany and Türkisch für Anfänger are Turkish diaspora in Germany.

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Türkiyemspor Berlin

Türkiyemspor Berlin is a Turkish association football club from Berlin.

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Tevfik Başer

Tevfik Başer (born 12 January 1951) is a Turkish-German film director and screenwriter.

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The Economist

The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.

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The Edge of Heaven (film)

The Edge of Heaven (Auf der anderen Seite, literally On the Other Side, Yaşamın Kıyısında) is a 2007 Turkish-German drama written and directed by Fatih Akın.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Irish Times

The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper and online digital publication.

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The Left (Germany)

The Left (Die Linke), commonly referred to as the Left Party (Die Linkspartei), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany.

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The Republicans (Germany)

The Republicans (Die Republikaner, REP) is a national-conservative political party in Germany.

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The Stationery Office

The Stationery Office (TSO) is a British publishing company created in 1996 when the publishing arm of His Majesty's Stationery Office was privatised.

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Thomas Arslan

Thomas Arslan (born 16 July 1962) is a German-Turkish film director. Turks in Germany and Thomas Arslan are German people of Turkish descent.

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Thyssen AG

Thyssen was a major German steel producer founded by August Thyssen.

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Tim Seyfi

Timur Seyfettin Ölmez (born 10 August 1971) better known as Tim Seyfi, is a Turkish-German actor. Turks in Germany and Tim Seyfi are German people of Turkish descent.

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Transnational cinema

Transnational cinema is a developing concept within film studies that encompasses a range of theories relating to the effects of globalization upon the cultural and economic aspects of film.

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Tuğrul Erat

Tuğrul Erat (born 17 June 1992) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for German Oberliga Niederrhein club SC Union Nettetal.

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Tunay Torun

Tunay Torun (born 21 April 1990) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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The Turkey national football team (Türkiye Millî Futbol Takımı), recognized as Türkiye by FIFA, represents Turkey in men's international football matches.

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The Turkey women's national football team represents Turkey in international women's football.

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Turkish Americans

Turkish Americans (Türk Amerikalılar) or American Turks are Americans of ethnic Turkish origin. Turks in Germany and Turkish Americans are Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire

The Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire refers to ethnic Turks, who are the descendants of Ottoman-Turkish settlers from Anatolia and Eastern Thrace, living outside of the modern borders of the Republic of Turkey and in the independent states which were formerly part of the Ottoman Empire.

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Turkish cuisine

Turkish cuisine is the cuisine of Turkey and the Turkish diaspora.

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Turkish Cypriot diaspora

The Turkish Cypriot diaspora is a term used to refer to the Turkish Cypriot community living outside the island of Cyprus.

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Turkish Cypriots

Turkish Cypriots or Cypriot Turks (Kıbrıs Türkleri or; Tourkokýprioi) are ethnic Turks originating from Cyprus. Turks in Germany and Turkish Cypriots are Muslim communities in Europe.

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Turkish diaspora

The Turkish diaspora (Türk diasporası or Türk gurbetçiler) refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from, or are the descendants of migrants from, the Republic of Turkey, Northern Cyprus or other modern nation-states that were once part of the former Ottoman Empire.

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Turkish folk music

Turkish folk music (Türk Halk Müziği) is the traditional music of Turkish people living in Turkey influenced by the cultures of Anatolia and former territories in Europe and Asia.

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Turkish invasion of Cyprus

The Turkish invasion of Cyprus began on 20 July 1974 and progressed in two phases over the following month.

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Turkish language

Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.

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Turkish nationality law

Turkish nationality law is based primarily on the principle of jus sanguinis.

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Turkish people

Turkish people or Turks (Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.

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Turkish population

The Turkish population refers to the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world.

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Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT; Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu) is the national public broadcaster of Turkey, founded in 1964.

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Turkish television drama

Turkish drama (Türk dizileri) is a type of television series in the Turkish language made in Turkey.

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Turkish-German cinema

Turkish-German Cinema historians and theoreticians of film sometimes call movies out of Germany directed by German-Turkish filmmakers. Turks in Germany and Turkish-German cinema are Turkish diaspora in Germany.

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Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs

The Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs (DİTİB; Türkisch-Islamische Union der Anstalt für Religion e.V.; Diyanet İşleri Türk-İslam Birliği) is one of the largest Islamic organisations in Germany. Turks in Germany and Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs are Turkish diaspora in Germany.

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Turks in Austria

Turks in Austria, also referred to as Turkish Austrians and Austrian Turks, (Türken in Österreich; Avusturya'daki Türkler) are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Austria. Turks in Germany and Turks in Austria are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in Berlin

Turks in Berlin (Berlin'deki Türkler) are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Berlin where they form the largest ethnic minority group, and the largest Turkish community outside Turkey. Turks in Germany and Turks in Berlin are German people of Turkish descent and Turkish diaspora in Germany.

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Turks in Europe

The Turks in Europe (sometimes called Euro-Turks; Avrupa'daki Türkler or Avrupa'da yaşayan Türkler or Avrupa Türkleri) refers to Turkic peoples living in Europe, particularly those of Turkish origin. Turks in Germany and Turks in Europe are Muslim communities in Europe.

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Turks in France

Turks in France also called the Turkish-French community, French Turks or Franco-Turks (Turcs de France; Fransa'daki Türkler) refers to the ethnic Turkish people who live in France. Turks in Germany and Turks in France are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in Greece

Turks in Greece may refer to. Turks in Germany and Turks in Greece are Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in Liechtenstein

Turks in Liechtenstein (Türken in Liechtenstein; Lihtenştayn'daki Türkler) refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated to Liechtenstein as well as the growing Liechtenstein-born community with full or partial Turkish origins. Turks in Germany and Turks in Liechtenstein are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in North Macedonia

Turks in North Macedonia, also known as Turkish Macedonians and Macedonian Turks, (translit, Makedonya Türkleri) are the ethnic Turks who constitute the third largest ethnic group in the Republic of North Macedonia. Turks in Germany and Turks in North Macedonia are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in Poland

Turks in Poland (Polonya'daki Türkler) are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Poland who form one of the country's smaller minority groups. Turks in Germany and Turks in Poland are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in Russia

Turks in Russia (Rusya'daki Türkler, Турки в России), also referred to as Turkish Russians or Russian Turks, refers to people of full or partial ethnic Turkish origin who have either immigrated to Russia or who were born in the Russian state. Turks in Germany and Turks in Russia are Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in Sweden

Turks in Sweden or Swedish Turks (Turkar i Sverige; İsveç Türkleri) are people of ethnic Turkish origin living in Sweden. Turks in Germany and Turks in Sweden are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in Switzerland

Turks in Switzerland (İsviçre'deki Türkler), also referred to as Swiss Turks (İsviçreli Türkler) and Turkish Swiss people (Türk İsviçreliler), are Swiss residents of Turkish origin. Turks in Germany and Turks in Switzerland are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks in the Balkans

The Balkan Turks or Rumelian Turks (Balkan Türkleri) are the Turkish people who have been living in the Balkans since the Ottoman rule as well as their descendants who still live in the region today.

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Turks in the Netherlands

Turks in the Netherlands (Turken in Nederland; Hollanda'daki Türkler), also Dutch Turks (Nederlandse Turken) or Turkish Dutch (Turkse Nederlanders; Hollanda Türkleri), refers to people of full or partial Turkish ethnicity living in the Netherlands. Turks in Germany and Turks in the Netherlands are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks of Romania

The Turks of Romania (Romanya Türkleri, Turcii din România) are ethnic Turks who form an ethnic minority in Romania. Turks in Germany and Turks of Romania are Muslim communities in Europe and Turkish diaspora by country.

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Turks of Western Thrace

Turks of Western Thrace (Batı Trakya Türkleri; Toúrkoi tis Dytikís Thrákis) are ethnic Turks who live in Western Thrace, in the province of East Macedonia and Thrace in Northern Greece. Turks in Germany and Turks of Western Thrace are Muslim communities in Europe.

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Uğur Pamuk

Uğur Pamuk (born 26 June 1989) is an Azerbaijani international footballer who plays as a midfielder and striker for German club SC Hicret Bielefeld.

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Ufuk Budak

Ufuk Budak (born 26 May 1990) is an Azerbaijani professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Erzurumspor.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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University of Hawaiʻi Press

The University of Hawaiʻi Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiʻi.

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University of North Carolina Press

The University of North Carolina Press (or UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a not-for-profit university press associated with the University of North Carolina.

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University of Wisconsin–Madison

The University of Wisconsin–Madison (University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public land-grant research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

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Urban area

An urban area is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment.

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Vamık Volkan

Vamık D. Volkan, M.D., DFLAPA, FACPsa, (born 1932 in Lefkoşa, Cyprus) is a Turkish Cypriot born American psychiatrist, internationally known for his 40 years work bringing together conflictual groups for dialogue and mutual understanding.

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Vedat Erincin

Vedat Erincin (born 1957, Istanbul) is a German actor of Turkish origin. Turks in Germany and Vedat Erincin are German people of Turkish descent.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

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Volkan Arslan

Volkan Arslan (born 29 August 1978) is a Turkish football coach and former player.

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Vural Öger

Vural Öger (born 1 February 1942) is a Turkish-German businessman and politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2009.

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Württemberg

Württemberg is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

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Westdeutscher Rundfunk

i ("West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR, is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne.

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Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden is the capital of the German state of Hesse, and the second-largest Hessian city after Frankfurt am Main.

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Wirtschaftswunder

The Wirtschaftswunder ("economic miracle"), also known as the Miracle on the Rhine, was the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II (due to both the Marshall Plan and both governments adopting an ordoliberalism-based social market economy).

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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Xenophobia

Xenophobia (from ξένος (xénos), "strange, foreign, or alien", and (phóbos), "fear") is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange.

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Yaprak Dökümü (TV series)

Yaprak Dökümü (The Fall of Leaves or The Falling Leaves) is a Turkish television series.

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Yasemin Şamdereli

Yasemin Şamdereli (born 15 July 1973 in Dortmund, West Germany) is a German actress, screenwriter and film director.

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Yıldıray Baştürk

Yıldıray Baştürk (born 24 December 1978) is a retired professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

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Yenidze

Yenidze is a former cigarette factory building in Dresden, Saxony, Germany built between 1907 and 1909.

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Yunus Mallı

Yunus Mallı (born 24 February 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Süper Lig club Konyaspor and the Turkey national team.

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Zafer Şenocak

Zafer Şenocak (/zæˈfɑɹ ˈʃɛnoʊʤək/ born May 25, 1961) is a German writer well known for his poems, essays, and books. Turks in Germany and Zafer Şenocak are German people of Turkish descent.

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Züli Aladağ

Züli Aladağ (born 2 January 1968, Van, Turkey) is a German film director, film producer, and screenwriter. Turks in Germany and Züli Aladağ are German people of Turkish descent.

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1973 oil crisis

In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.

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1974 Cypriot coup d'état

The 1974 Cypriot coup d'état was a military coup d'état executed by the Cypriot National Guard and sponsored by the Greek military junta.

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1992 Mölln arson attack

The Mölln arson attack (brandanschlag in Mölln) was the first fatal case of far-right extremists setting fire to migrants' homes in Germany, and one of the earliest cases of Right-wing terrorism in the country's post-unification history.

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1993 Solingen arson attack

The Solingen arson attack (Solinger Brandanschlag) was one of the most severe instances of xenophobic violence in modern Germany.

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1994 German federal election

Federal elections were held in Germany on 16 October 1994 to elect the members of the 13th Bundestag.

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2002 German federal election

Federal elections were held in Germany on 22 September 2002 to elect the members of the 15th Bundestag.

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2004 Cologne bombing

On 9 June 2004, a nail bomb detonated in Cologne, Germany, in a business area popular with immigrants from Turkey.

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2004 enlargement of the European Union

The largest enlargement of the European Union (EU), in terms of number of states and population, took place on 1 May 2004.

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2005 German federal election

Federal elections were held in Germany on 18 September 2005 to elect the members of the 16th Bundestag.

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2006 Lebanon War

The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War (حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya), was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights.

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2009 German federal election

Federal elections were held in Germany on 27 September 2009 to elect the members of the 17th Bundestag.

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2013 German federal election

Federal elections were held on 22 September to elect the members of the 18th Bundestag of Germany.

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2015 European migrant crisis

During 2015, there was a period of significantly increased movement of refugees and migrants into Europe.

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2016 Munich shooting

On 22 July 2016, a mass shooting occurred in the vicinity of the Olympia shopping mall in the Moosach district of Munich, Germany.

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2016 Turkish coup attempt

On 15 July 2016, a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces, organized as the Peace at Home Council, attempted a coup d'état against state institutions, including the government and president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

See Turks in Germany and 2016 Turkish coup attempt

See also

European diaspora in Germany

• Danish minority of Southern Schleswig
• Mafia? Nein danke!
• Polish minority in Germany
• Romanians in Germany
• Serbs in Germany
• Slavs in Germany
• Turks in Germany
• Vistula delta Mennonites

Islam in Germany

• Afghans in Germany
• Ahmadiyya in Germany
• Alliance for Innovation and Justice
• Azerbaijanis in Germany
• German Muslims
• Halbmondlager
• Iranians in Germany
• Islam in Berlin
• Islam in Germany
• Islamic Force
• Islamic education in Germany
• Islamism in Germany
• Islamophobia in Germany
• Mosques in Germany
• Muslim Democratic Union
• Open Mosque Day
• Pakistanis in Germany
• Turks in Germany
• Wuppertal Sharia Police incident

Labor in Germany

• Agenda 2010
• Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union – Einheitsorganisation
• Confederation of German Employers' Associations
• Federal Labour Court
• Forced labor of Germans after World War II
• General Workers' Union of Germany
• German labour law
• Hartz concept
• Memorial to the forced labourers deported to Wolfhagen between 1939 and 1945
• Minimum wage in Germany
• Ruhr uprising
• Turks in Germany
• Work–life balance in Germany

Turkish diaspora in Germany

• Alliance for Innovation and Justice
• Alliance of German Democrats
• Almancı
• Black Jackets
• Democratic Alliance for Diversity and Awakening
• Federation of Western Thrace Turks in Europe
• Gülşen Degener
• Gastarbeiterdeutsch
• Internationale Humanitäre Hilfsorganisation e.V.
• Kiezdeutsch
• List of German locations named after people and places of Turkish origin
• List of Turkish Germans
• Osmanen Germania
• Sinan Selen
• Türkisch für Anfänger
• Turkish-German cinema
• Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs
• Turks in Berlin
• Turks in Germany

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_in_Germany

Also known as Almancı, Discrimination against Turks in Germany, German Turk, German Turks, History of the Turks in Germany, Turk Germans, Turkish German, Turkish Germans, Turkish community in Germany, Turkish diaspora in germany, Turkish gangs in Germany, Turkish people in Germany, Turkish-German, Turks of Germany.

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