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Tusi couple, the Glossary

The Tusi couple (also known as Tusi's mechanism) is a mathematical device in which a small circle rotates inside a larger circle twice the diameter of the smaller circle.^[1]

43 relations: Almagest, Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world, Byzantine science, Circle, Circumference, Crosshead, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, De sphaera mundi, Deltoid curve, Diameter, Edward Stewart Kennedy, Ellipse, Epicyclic gearing, Equant, Euclid's Elements, Geometric lathe, George Saliba, Gerolamo Cardano, Gregory Chioniades, Guillaume Postel, Guilloché, Hypocycloid, Hypotrochoid, Library of Congress, Linear motion, Mathematics, Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world, Matthew Murray, Medieval Greek, Mercury (planet), Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Nicolaus Copernicus, Nicole Oresme, Oscillation (mathematics), Parallel motion linkage, Persians, Proclus, Ptolemy, Roulette (curve), Spirograph, Straight-line mechanism, Trepidation.
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
Linear motion
Roulettes (curve)

Almagest

The Almagest is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy in Koine Greek.

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Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world

Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language.

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Byzantine science

Scientific scholarship during the Byzantine Empire played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance Italy, and also in the transmission of Islamic science to Renaissance Italy.

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Circle

A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre.

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Circumference

In geometry, the circumference (from Latin circumferens, meaning "carrying around") is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse.

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Crosshead

In mechanical engineering, a crosshead is a mechanical joint used as part of the slider-crank linkages of long reciprocating engines (either internal combustion or steam) and reciprocating compressors to eliminate sideways force on the piston.

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De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (English translation: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) of the Polish Renaissance.

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De sphaera mundi

De sphaera mundi (Latin title meaning On the Sphere of the World, sometimes rendered The Sphere of the Cosmos; the Latin title is also given as Tractatus de sphaera, Textus de sphaera, or simply De sphaera) is a medieval introduction to the basic elements of astronomy written by Johannes de Sacrobosco (John of Holywood) c.

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Deltoid curve

In geometry, a deltoid curve, also known as a tricuspoid curve or Steiner curve, is a hypocycloid of three cusps. Tusi couple and deltoid curve are roulettes (curve).

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Diameter

In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.

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Edward Stewart Kennedy

Edward Stewart Kennedy (3 January 1912 – 4 May 2009) was a historian of science specializing in medieval Islamic astronomical tables written in Persian and Arabic.

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Ellipse

In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.

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Epicyclic gearing

An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) is a gear reduction assembly consisting of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear (the "planet") revolves around the center of the other (the "sun").

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Equant

Equant (or punctum aequans) is a mathematical concept developed by Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD to account for the observed motion of the planets.

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Euclid's Elements

The Elements (Στοιχεῖα) is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid 300 BC.

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Geometric lathe

A geometric lathe was used for making ornamental patterns on the plates used in printing bank notes and postage stamps.

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George Saliba

George Saliba (Arabic: جورج صليبا) is an American historian who is Professor of Arabic and Islamic Science at the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies, Columbia University, New York, where he has been since 1979.

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Gerolamo Cardano

Gerolamo Cardano (also Girolamo or Geronimo; Jérôme Cardan; Hieronymus Cardanus.; 24 September 1501– 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler.

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Gregory Chioniades

Gregory Chioniades (Grēgorios Chioniadēs; c. 1240 – c. 1320) was a Byzantine Greek astronomer.

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Guillaume Postel

Guillaume Postel (25 March 1510 – 6 September 1581) was a French linguist, Orientalist, astronomer, Christian Kabbalist, diplomat, polyglot, professor, religious universalist, and writer.

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Guilloché

Guilloché, or guilloche, is a decorative technique in which a very precise, intricate and repetitive pattern is mechanically engraved into an underlying material via engine turning, which uses a machine of the same name.

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Hypocycloid

In geometry, a hypocycloid is a special plane curve generated by the trace of a fixed point on a small circle that rolls within a larger circle. Tusi couple and hypocycloid are roulettes (curve).

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Hypotrochoid

In geometry, a hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius, where the point is a distance from the center of the interior circle. Tusi couple and hypotrochoid are roulettes (curve).

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Library of Congress

The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.

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Linear motion

Linear motion, also called rectilinear motion, is one-dimensional motion along a straight line, and can therefore be described mathematically using only one spatial dimension.

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Mathematics

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.

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Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world

Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built upon syntheses of Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta).

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Matthew Murray

Matthew Murray (1765 – 20 February 1826) was an English steam engine and machine tool manufacturer, who designed and built the first commercially viable steam locomotive, the twin-cylinder Salamanca in 1812.

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Medieval Greek

Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453.

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Mercury (planet)

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System.

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Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine

Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine, now in Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, England, was made around 1805 and is the world's third-oldest working steam engine and the oldest working engine with a Tusi couple hypocycloidal straight line mechanism.

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Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi (1201 – 1274), also known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (نصیر الدین الطوسی; نصیر الدین طوسی) or simply as (al-)Tusi, was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

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Nicole Oresme

Nicole Oresme (1 January 1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages.

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Oscillation (mathematics)

In mathematics, the oscillation of a function or a sequence is a number that quantifies how much that sequence or function varies between its extreme values as it approaches infinity or a point.

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Parallel motion linkage

In kinematics, the parallel motion linkage is a six-bar mechanical linkage invented by the Scottish engineer James Watt in 1784 for the double-acting Watt steam engine.

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Persians

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.

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Proclus

Proclus Lycius (8 February 412 – 17 April 485), called Proclus the Successor (Πρόκλος ὁ Διάδοχος, Próklos ho Diádokhos), was a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, one of the last major classical philosophers of late antiquity.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusi_couple

Also known as Tusi-couple.

Tusi couple, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world

Linear motion

Roulettes (curve)

References