Ulama, the Glossary
In Islam, the ulama (the learned ones; singular ʿālim; feminine singular alimah; plural aalimath), also spelled ulema, are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law.[1]
Table of Contents
277 relations: 'Aql, Abbas the Great, Abbasid Caliphate, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Abdul Hamid II, Abdurrahman Wahid, Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Hanifa, Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Aceh Sultanate, Achaemenid Empire, Afsharid dynasty, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, Ahl-i Hadith, Ahmad I ibn Mustafa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili, Ahmad S. Dallal, Ahmed Ben Bella, Akhund, Al-Ahram, Al-Azhar University, Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Al-Kindi, Al-Manar, Al-Muhasibi, Al-Mustansir I, Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, Al-Shafi'i, Al-Shawkani, Albert Hourani, Algeria, Allamah, Amman Message, Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala, Apostasy in Islam, Arab nationalism, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Arabs, Aristotle, Ash'arism, Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Askeri, Atharism, Avicenna, Avicennism, Ayatollah, Ba'ath Party, ... Expand index (227 more) »
- Islamic legal occupations
'Aql
Aql (lit) is an Arabic term used in Islamic philosophy and theology for the intellect or the rational faculty of the soul that connects humans to God.
See Ulama and 'Aql
Abbas the Great
Abbas I (translit; 27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629), commonly known as Abbas the Great (translit), was the fifth shah of Safavid Iran from 1588 to 1629.
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Ulama and Abbasid Caliphate
Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
'Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Kawākibī, -c.1902) was a Syrian author and Pan-Arab solidarity supporter.
See Ulama and Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
Abdul Hamid II
Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid II (Abd ul-Hamid-i s̱ānī; II.; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.
Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid (né ad-Dakhil, 7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009), more colloquially known as Gus Dur, was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the fourth president of Indonesia, from his election in 1999 until he was removed from office in 2001.
See Ulama and Abdurrahman Wahid
Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri
Abu al-Hassan Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Amiri (Abu’l-Ḥasan Muḥammad Ibn Abi Dharr Yūsuf ʻĀmirī Neyshābūrī) (أبو الحسن محمد ابن يوسف العامري) (died 992) was a Muslim theologian and philosopher who attempted to reconcile philosophy with religion, and Sufism with conventional Islam.
See Ulama and Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri
Abu Bakr al-Razi
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (full name: label),, often known as (al-)Razi or by his Latin name Rhazes, also rendered Rhasis, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during the Islamic Golden Age.
See Ulama and Abu Bakr al-Razi
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa (translit; September 699–767) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, "Abū Ḥanīfa", in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary.
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944) was an Islamic scholar and theologian who is the eponym of the Maturidi school of theology in Sunni Islam.
See Ulama and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
Aceh Sultanate
The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Nanggroe Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh.
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Ulama and Achaemenid Empire
Afsharid dynasty
The Afsharid dynasty (افشاریان) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nader Shah of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe, ruling over the Afsharid Empire.
See Ulama and Afsharid dynasty
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (translit; 14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797), also known by his regnal name of Agha Mohammad Shah (آغا محمد شاه), was the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran, ruling from 1789 to 1797 as Shah.
See Ulama and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Ahl-i Hadith
Ahl-i-Hadith or Ahl-e-Hadith (اہلِ حدیث, people of hadith) is a Salafi reform movement that emerged in North India in the mid-nineteenth century from the teachings of Sayyid Ahmad Shahid, Syed Nazeer Husain and Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan.
Ahmad I ibn Mustafa
Ahmad I (أبو العباس أحمد باشا باي), born 2 December 1805 in TunisIbn Abi Dhiaf, Présent des hommes de notre temps.
See Ulama and Ahmad I ibn Mustafa
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmad ibn Hanbal (translit; November 780 – 2 August 855) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, traditionist, ascetic and eponym of the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence—one of the four major orthodox legal schools of Sunni Islam.
See Ulama and Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili
Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili (احمد بن محمد اردبیلی) (c. 1500 - 1585) was a Shia Grand Ayatollah of jurisprudence.
See Ulama and Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ardabili
Ahmad S. Dallal
Ahmad S. Dallal is a scholar of Islamic studies and an academic administrator.
Ahmed Ben Bella
Ahmed Ben Bella (أحمد بن بلّة; 25 December 1916 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian politician, soldier and socialist revolutionary who served as the head of government of Algeria from 27 September 1962 to 15 September 1963 and then the first president of Algeria from 15 September 1963 to 19 June 1965.
Akhund
Akhund (آخوند) is a Persian title or surname for Islamic scholars, common in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Azerbaijan. Ulama and Akhund are religious leadership roles.
See Ulama and Akhund
Al-Ahram
Al-Ahram (الأهرام), founded on 5 August 1876, is the most widely circulating Egyptian daily newspaper, and the second oldest after Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya (The Egyptian Events, founded 1828).
Al-Azhar University
The Al-Azhar University (1) is a public university in Cairo, Egypt.
See Ulama and Al-Azhar University
Al-Farabi
Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (Abū Naṣr Muḥammad al-Fārābī; — 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist.
Al-Ghazali
Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsiyy al-Ghazali (أَبُو حَامِد مُحَمَّد بْن مُحَمَّد ٱلطُّوسِيّ ٱلْغَزَّالِيّ), known commonly as Al-Ghazali (ٱلْغَزَالِيُّ;,; – 19 December 1111), known in Medieval Europe by the Latinized Algazelus or Algazel, was a Persian Sunni Muslim polymath.
Al-Kindi
Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus) was an Arab Muslim polymath active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist.
Al-Manar
Al-Manar (The Lighthouse') is a Lebanese satellite television station owned and operated by the political party Hezbollah, 21 November 2008, Ya Libnan broadcasting from Beirut, Lebanon.
Al-Muhasibi
Al-Muḥāsibī (781–857 CE) was a Muslim Arab, theologian, philosopher and ascetic.
Al-Mustansir I
Al-Mustansir Bi'llah (full name:Abû Ja`far al-Mustansir bi-llah al-Mansûr bin az-Zâhir surname al-Mustansir), (17 February 1192 – 2 December 1242) was the Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty from 1226 to 1242.
Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar
Abu al-Hasan ʿAbd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad ibn Khalil ibn ʿAbdallah al-Hamadani al-Asadabadi (935 CE – 1025 CE) was an Islamic jurist and hadith scholar who is remembered as the Qadi al-Qudat (Chief Magistrate) of the Buyid dynasty and the last great scholar of the Mu'tazilite school of Islamic theology, and a reported follower of the Shafi‘i school.
See Ulama and Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar
Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (translit;;767–820 CE) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence.
Al-Shawkani
Muḥammad ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah, better known as al-Shawkānī (1759–1834), was a prominent Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian and reformer.
Albert Hourani
Albert Habib Hourani (ألبرت حبيب حوراني Albart Ḥabīb Ḥūrānī; 31 March 1915 – 17 January 1993) was a liberal Lebanese British historian, specialising in the history of the Middle East and Middle Eastern studies.
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.
Allamah
Allamah (عَلَّامة; Urdu and) is an Islamic honorary title for a profound scholar, a polymath, a man of vast reading and erudition, or a great learned one. Ulama and Allamah are islamic scholars and religious leadership roles.
Amman Message
The Amman Message (translit) is a statement calling for tolerance and unity in the Muslim world that was issued on 9 November 2004 (27 Ramadan 1425 AH) by King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein of Jordan, and his advisor Sheikh Izz-Eddine Al-Tamimi.
Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala
Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala (আঞ্জুমান-ই-উলামা-ই-বাঙ্গালা Assembly of the Scholars of Bengal), was an association of Muslim religious leaders in British India's Bengal Presidency.
See Ulama and Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala
Apostasy in Islam
Apostasy in Islam (translit or label) is commonly defined as the abandonment of Islam by a Muslim, in thought, word, or through deed.
See Ulama and Apostasy in Islam
Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.
See Ulama and Arab nationalism
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf or the Arab Gulf states (دول الخليج العربي) refers to a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf.
See Ulama and Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See Ulama and Arabs
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Ash'arism
Ash'arism (translit) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam named after Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, a Shāfiʿī jurist, reformer (mujaddid), and scholastic theologian, in the 9th–10th century.
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (often referred as Hakimul Ummat and Mujaddidul Millat (19 August 1863 – 20 July 1943) was a late-nineteenth and twentieth-century Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, thinker, reformist and the revival of classical Sufi thought from Indian subcontinent during the British Raj, one of the chief proponents of Pakistan Movement.
See Ulama and Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Askeri
Under the Ottoman Empire, an askeri (Ottoman Turkish: عسكري) was a member of a class of military administrators.
See Ulama and Askeri
Atharism
Atharism (translit) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam which developed from circles of the, a group that rejected rationalistic theology in favor of strict textualism in interpretation the Quran and the hadith.
Avicenna
Ibn Sina (translit; – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers.
Avicennism
Avicennism is a school of Islamic philosophy which was established by Avicenna.
Ayatollah
Ayatollah (âyatollâh) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran that came into widespread usage in the 20th century.
Ba'ath Party
The Arab Socialist Baʿth Party (also anglicized as Ba'ath in loose transcription; البعث العربي الاشتراكي) was a political party founded in Syria by Mishel ʿAflaq, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Bīṭār, and associates of Zakī al-ʾArsūzī.
Baghdad
Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.
Baha al-Din al-Amili
Baha al-Din Muhammad ibn Husayn al-Amili (18 February 1547 – 1 September 1621), also known as Bahāddīn ʿĀmilī, or just Sheikh Bahāʾi (Persian: شیخ بهایی) in Iran, was a Levantine Arab.
See Ulama and Baha al-Din al-Amili
Bahishti Zewar
Bahishti Zewar (بہشتی زیور; Heavenly Ornaments) is a volume of Deobandi beliefs and practices written by Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Ahmed Ali Fatehpuri.
Balkans
The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.
Bazaari
Bazaari (Persian: بازاری) is the merchant class and workers of bazaars, the traditional marketplaces of Iran.
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).
Bimaristan
A bimaristan, or simply maristan, known in Arabic also as dar al-shifa ("house of healing"; darüşşifa in Turkish), is a hospital in the historic Islamic world.
Cairo
Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.
See Ulama and Cairo
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Common good
In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth, general welfare, or public benefit) is either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service.
Companions of the Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet (lit) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence.
See Ulama and Companions of the Prophet
Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), also known as the Constitution of 1982, is Turkey's fundamental law.
See Ulama and Constitution of Turkey
Curriculum
In education, a curriculum (curriculums or curricula) is the totality of student experiences that occur in an educational process.
Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah
Egypt's Dar al-Ifta (دار الإفتاء المصرية) is an Egyptian Islamic advisory, justiciary and governmental body established as a centre for Islam and Islamic legal research in Egypt in 1313 AH / 1895 CE.
See Ulama and Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah
Darul Uloom Deoband
The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary (darul uloom) in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began.
See Ulama and Darul Uloom Deoband
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526).
Deoband
Deoband is a town and a municipality in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, about 150 km (93 miles) from Delhi.
Dervish
Dervish, Darvesh, or Darwīsh (from درویش, Darvīsh) in Islam can refer broadly to members of a Sufi fraternity (tariqah), or more narrowly to a religious mendicant, who chose or accepted material poverty.
Despotism
In political science, despotism (despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.
Dhikr
(ذِكْر) is a form of Islamic worship in which phrases or prayers are repeatedly recited for the purpose of remembering God.
See Ulama and Dhikr
Diploma
A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies.
Directorate of Religious Affairs
The Directorate of Religious Affairs in Turkey (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, normally referred to simply as the Diyanet) is an official permanent state institution established in 1924 by the orders of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk under article 136 of the Constitution of Turkey to carry out some of the administrative duties previously managed by the Shaykh al-Islām, during the Ottoman Empire.
See Ulama and Directorate of Religious Affairs
Doctrine
Doctrine (from doctrina, meaning "teaching, instruction") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system.
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Ulama and Early Muslim conquests
Ebussuud Efendi
Ebussuud Efendi (Mehmed Ebüssuûd Efendi, 30 December 1490 – 23 August 1574),İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 114.
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
See Ulama and Egypt
Fall of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.
See Ulama and Fall of Constantinople
Fatih Mosque, Istanbul
The large Fatih Mosque (Fatih Camii, "Conqueror's Mosque" in English) is an Ottoman mosque off Fevzi Paşa Caddesi in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.
See Ulama and Fatih Mosque, Istanbul
Fatwa
A fatwa (translit; label) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist (faqih) in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government. Ulama and fatwa are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Fatwa
Fiqh
Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence. Ulama and Fiqh are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Fiqh
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970.
See Ulama and Gamal Abdel Nasser
Ghazi (warrior)
A ghazi (غازي,, plural ġuzāt) is an individual who participated in ghazw (غزو, ġazw), meaning military expeditions or raiding.
Ghulam
Ghulam (غلام) is an Arabic word meaning servant, assistant, boy, or youth.
See Ulama and Ghulam
Grand Mufti
The Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is the head of regional muftis, Islamic jurisconsults, of a state. Ulama and Grand Mufti are religious leadership roles.
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi), usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament (Meclis or Parlamento), is the unicameral Turkish legislature.
See Ulama and Grand National Assembly of Turkey
Great power
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
Greater Iran
Greater Iran or Greater Persia (ایران بزرگ), also called the Iranosphere or the Persosphere, is an expression that denotes a wide socio-cultural region comprising parts of West Asia, the South Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and East Asia (specifically Xinjiang)—all of which have been affected, to some degree, by the Iranian peoples and the Iranian languages.
Greater Khorasan
Greater KhorāsānDabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed.
See Ulama and Greater Khorasan
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (ولایت فقیه|Velâyat-e Faqih, also Velayat-e Faghih; Wilāyat al-Faqīh) is a concept in Twelver Shia Islamic law which holds that until the reappearance of the "infallible Imam" (sometime before Judgement Day), at least some of the religious and social affairs of the Muslim world should be administered by righteous Shi'i jurists (Faqīh).
See Ulama and Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
Gujarati Muslims
The term Gujarati Muslim is usually used to signify an Indian Muslim from the state of Gujarat in western coast of India.
See Ulama and Gujarati Muslims
Hadith
Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad.
See Ulama and Hadith
Hafiz (Quran)
Hafiz (ḥāfiẓ, pl. ḥuffāẓ حُفَّاظ, f. ḥāfiẓa حافظة), literally meaning "protector", depending on the context, is a term used by Muslims for someone who has completely memorized the Quran.
Halil İnalcık
Halil İnalcık (7 September 1916 – 25 July 2016) was a Turkish historian.
Hammam
A hammam (translit, hamam), called a Moorish bath (in reference to the Muslim Spain of Al-Andalus) and a Turkish bath by Westerners, is a type of steam bath or a place of public bathing associated with the Islamic world.
See Ulama and Hammam
Hanafi school
The Hanafi school or Hanafism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Hanbali school
The Hanbali school or Hanbalism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Hasan al-Basri
Abu Sa'id ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri, often referred to as Hasan of Basra (Arabic: الحسن البصري, romanized: Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; 642 - 15 October 728) for short, or as Hasan al-Basri, was an ancient Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, and judge.
Hassan al-Turabi
Hassan al-Turabi (1 February 1932 – 5 March 2016) was a Sudanese politician and scholar.
See Ulama and Hassan al-Turabi
Hayreddin Pasha
Hayreddin Pasha (خیرالدین پاشا) (1820 – 30 January 1890) was an Ottoman-Tunisian statesman and reformer, who was born to a Abkhazians family.
Hejaz
The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.
See Ulama and Hejaz
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Ulama and Hellenistic period
Hellenistic philosophy
Hellenistic philosophy is Ancient Greek philosophy corresponding to the Hellenistic period in Ancient Greece, from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.
See Ulama and Hellenistic philosophy
Ibadi Islam
The Ibadi movement or Ibadism (al-ʾIbāḍiyya) is a branch inside Islam, which many believe is descended from the Kharijites.
Ibn Battuta
Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī (24 February 13041368/1369), commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar.
Ibn Kemal
Şemseddin Ahmed (1469–1534), better known by his pen name Ibn Kemal (also Ibn Kemal Pasha) or Kemalpaşazâde ("son of Kemal Pasha"), was an Ottoman historian,Kemalpashazade, Franz Babinger, E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Vol.4, ed.
Ibn Saud
Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (translit; 15 January 1876Ibn Saud's birth year has been a source of debate. It is generally accepted as 1876, although a few sources give it as 1880. According to British author Robert Lacey's book The Kingdom, a leading Saudi historian found records that show Ibn Saud in 1891 greeting an important tribal delegation.
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya (ٱبْن تَيْمِيَّة; 22 January 1263 – 26 September 1328)Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam.
Ihsan
Ihsan (إحسان, also romanized ehsan), is an Arabic term meaning "to do beautiful things", "beautification", "perfection", or "excellence" (Arabic). Ihsan is a matter of taking one's inner faith (iman) and showing it in both deed and action, a sense of social responsibility borne from religious convictions.
See Ulama and Ihsan
Ijazah
An ijazah (الإِجازَة, "permission", "authorization", "license"; plural: ijazahs or ijazat) is a license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, which is issued by someone already possessing such authority. Ulama and ijazah are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Ijazah
Ijma
Ijma (lit) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Islamic community on a point of Islamic law. Ulama and Ijma are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Ijma
Ijtihad
Ijtihad (اجتهاد) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question.
Ikhwan
The Ikhwan (al-ʾIkhwān, the Brethren), commonly known as Ikhwan man ata'a Allah (إخوان من أطاع الله, Brethren of those who obey God), was a Wahhabi religious militia made up of traditionally nomadic tribesmen which formed a significant military force of the ruler Ibn Saud and played an important role in establishing him as ruler of most of the Arabian Peninsula in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
See Ulama and Ikhwan
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate, ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (translit), and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus, was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire.
Ilmiye
The Ilmiye is one of four institutions that existed within the state organisation of the Ottoman Empire, the other three being the Imperial (mülkiye) institution; the military (seyfiye) institution; and the administrative (kalemiye) institution.
See Ulama and Ilmiye
Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad.
See Ulama and Imamate in Shia doctrine
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.
See Ulama and Iranian Revolution
Iskandar Thani
Iskandar Thani Alauddin Mughayat Syah (1610 – 15 February 1641) was the thirteenth sultan of Aceh, following the powerful Iskandar Muda.
Islah
Islah or Al-Islah (الإصلاح,إصلاح) is an Arabic word, usually translated as "reform", in the sense of "to improve, to better, to put something into a better position, correction, correcting something and removing vice, reworking, emendation, reparation, restoration, rectitude, probability, reconciliation." It is an important term in Islam.
See Ulama and Islah
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Ulama and Islam
Islamic calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the alphabets derived from it.
See Ulama and Islamic calligraphy
Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran.
See Ulama and Islamic Consultative Assembly
Islamic Golden Age
The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.
See Ulama and Islamic Golden Age
Islamic philosophy
Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition.
See Ulama and Islamic philosophy
Islamic state
An Islamic state has a form of government based on sharia law.
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
Ismail I
Ismail I (translit; 14 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524.
Istihsan
(Arabic) is an Arabic term for juristic discretion. Ulama and Istihsan are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
Istislah
Istislah (Arabic: استصلاح) is a method employed by Islamic jurists to solve problems that find no clear answer in sacred religious texts.
Ja'fari school
The Jaʿfarī school, also known as the Jafarite school, Jaʿfarī fiqh (الفقه الجعفري) or Ja'fari jurisprudence, is a prominent school of jurisprudence (fiqh) within Twelver and Ismaili (including Nizari) Shia Islam, named after the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq.
Jabal Amil
Jabal Amil (Jabal ʿĀmil), also spelled Jabal Amel and historically known as Jabal Amila, is a cultural and geographic region in Southern Lebanon largely associated with its long-established, predominantly Twelver Shia Muslim inhabitants.
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (Pashto/سید جمالالدین افغانی), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī (سید جمالالدین اسدآبادی) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century.
See Ulama and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
Junayd of Baghdad
Junayd of Baghdad (الجنيد البغدادي) was a Persian mystic and one of the most famous of the early Islamic saints.
See Ulama and Junayd of Baghdad
Kalam
Ilm al-kalam or ilm al-lahut, often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or philosophical study of Islamic theology (aqida).
See Ulama and Kalam
Kamal al-Qassab
Sheikh Kamel al-Qassab (1853–1954) was the founder of the Syrian Higher National Committee in 1919.
Kazasker
A kazasker or kadıasker (قاضی عسكر, ḳāḍī'asker, "military judge") was a chief judge in the Ottoman Empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers, who were later tried only by their own officers.
Kemalism
Kemalism (Kemalizm, also archaically Kamâlizm) or Atatürkism (Atatürkçülük) is a political ideology based on the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey.
Khanates of the Caucasus
The khanates of the Caucasus, also known as the Azerbaijani khanates, Persian khanates, or Iranian Khanates, were various administrative units in the South Caucasus governed by a hereditary or appointed ruler under the official rule of Iran.
See Ulama and Khanates of the Caucasus
Khedive
Khedive (hıdiv; khudaywī) was an honorific title of Classical Persian origin used for the sultans and grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, but most famously for the viceroy of Egypt from 1805 to 1914.
Khums
In Islam, khums (خُمْس, literally 'one fifth') refers to the required religious obligation of shia Muslims to pay 20% of their acquired wealth from certain sources toward specified causes. Ulama and khums are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Khums
Khusruwiyah Mosque
The Khusraw mosque Arabized as Khusruwiyah Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-Ḵusruwīyah; Hüsreviye Camii) was a mosque complex in Aleppo, Syria.
See Ulama and Khusruwiyah Mosque
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.
List of contemporary Islamic scholars
Modern-era (20th to 21st century) Islamic scholars include the following, referring to religious authorities whose publications or statements are accepted as pronouncements on religion by their respective communities and adherents. Ulama and List of contemporary Islamic scholars are islamic scholars.
See Ulama and List of contemporary Islamic scholars
Lists of Islamic scholars
Lists of Islamic scholars include. Ulama and Lists of Islamic scholars are islamic scholars.
See Ulama and Lists of Islamic scholars
Madhhab
A madhhab (way to act,, pl. label) refers to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence. Ulama and madhhab are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
Madrasa
Madrasa (also,; Arabic: مدرسة, pl. مدارس), sometimes transliterated as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning. Ulama and madrasa are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
Maghreb
The Maghreb (lit), also known as the Arab Maghreb (اَلْمَغْرِبُ الْعَرَبِيُّ) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world.
Mahmud II
Mahmud II (Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, II.; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Mamluk Sultanate
The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.
See Ulama and Mamluk Sultanate
Mashriq
The Mashriq (lit), also known as the Arab Mashriq (اَلْمَشْرِقُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western) region, and located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa.
Maslaha
Maslaha or maslahah (مصلحة) is a concept in Sharia (Islamic divine law) regarded as a basis of law. Ulama and maslaha are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
Maturidism
Maturidism (translit) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam named after Abu Mansur al-Maturidi.
Mawlawi (Islamic title)
Mawlawi (translit), rendered in English as Molvi, is an Islamic religious title given to Muslim religious scholars, or ulama, preceding their names, similar to the titles Mawlānā, Mullah, or Sheikh. Ulama and Mawlawi (Islamic title) are religious leadership roles.
See Ulama and Mawlawi (Islamic title)
Mecca
Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.
See Ulama and Mecca
Mehmed II
Mehmed II (translit; II.,; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (lit; Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.
Mehmed IV
Mehmed IV (Meḥmed-i rābi; IV.; 2 January 1642 – 6 January 1693), also known as Mehmed the Hunter (Avcı Mehmed), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687.
Mevlâna Museum
The Mevlâna Museum (Mevlânâ Müzesi), in Konya, Turkey, started life as the dervish lodge (Tekke) of the Mevlevi order, better known as the whirling dervishes.
Military of the Ottoman Empire
The military of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire.
See Ulama and Military of the Ottoman Empire
Ministry of Sharia and the Foundations
Ministry of Sharia and the Foundations (Şerriye ve Evkaf Vekaleti) was a former government ministry in the Ottoman Empire and the early history of the Republic of Turkey.
See Ulama and Ministry of Sharia and the Foundations
Mir Damad
Mir Damad (ميرداماد) (c. 1561 – 1631/1632), known also as Mir Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi, or Asterabadi, was a Twelver Shia Iranian philosopher in the Neoplatonizing Islamic Peripatetic traditions of Avicenna.
Miskawayh
Ibn Miskawayh (مُسْکُـوْيَه Muskūyah, 932–1030), (Arabic: مِسْكَوَيْه، أبو علي محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب مسكويه الرازي) full name Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb Miskawayh al-Rāzī was a Persian chancery official of the Buyid era, and philosopher and historian from Parandak, Iran.
Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
Mohammad Baqer Majlesi (c. 1627 – 29 March 1699) (علامه مجلسی Allameh Majlesi; also Romanized as: Majlessi, Majlisi, Madjlessi), known as Allamah Majlesi or Majlesi Al-Thani (Majlesi the Second), was an influential Iranian Twelver Shia scholar and thinker during the Safavid era.
See Ulama and Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
Mu'tazilism
Mu'tazilism (translit, singular translit) was an Islamic sect that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad.
Mufti
A mufti (مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (fatwa) on a point of Islamic law (sharia). Ulama and mufti are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia, islamic legal occupations and religious leadership roles.
See Ulama and Mufti
Muhammad Abduh
Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849 – 11 July 1905) (also spelled Mohammed Abduh, محمد عبده) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar, judge, and Grand Mufti of Egypt. Ulama and Muhammad Abduh are islamic scholars.
Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali (4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian governor and military commander who was the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, considered the founder of modern Egypt.
See Ulama and Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad bin Tughluq
Muhammad bin Tughluq (1290 – 20 March 1351), also named Jauna Khan as Crown Prince, also known by his epithets, The Eccentric Prince, or The Mad Sultan, was the eighteenth Sultan of Delhi.
See Ulama and Muhammad bin Tughluq
Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah (lit); officially Muhammadiyah Society (Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah) is a major Islamic non-governmental organization in Indonesia.
Mulla Sadra
Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā (ملا صدرا; صدر المتألهین; c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, theologian, and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century.
Mullah
Mullah is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders. Ulama and Mullah are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia and religious leadership roles.
See Ulama and Mullah
Mullah Omar
Mullah Muhammad Omar (196023 April 2013) was an Afghan mujahideen commander, revolutionary, and the cleric who founded the Taliban.
Murad IV
Murad IV (مراد رابع, Murād-ı Rābiʿ; IV., 27 July 1612 – 8 February 1640) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.
Musa al-Kazim
Musa ibn Ja'far al-Kazim (translit) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the seventh imam in Twelver Shia Islam.
Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria (translit) is a Syrian branch of the Sunni Islamist Muslim Brotherhood organization.
See Ulama and Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
Muslim World League
The Muslim World League (MWL; Rabitat al-Alam al-Islami) is an international Islamic NGO based in Mecca, Saudi Arabia that promotes what it calls the true message of Islam by advancing moderate values that promote peace, tolerance and love.
See Ulama and Muslim World League
Mustansiriya Madrasah
Al-Mustansiriya Madrasa was a medieval-era scholarly complex that provided a universal system of higher education.
See Ulama and Mustansiriya Madrasah
Mysticism
Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning.
Nahda
The Nahda (translit, meaning "the Awakening"), also referred to as the Arab Awakening or Enlightenment, was a cultural movement that flourished in Arab-populated regions of the Ottoman Empire, notably in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Tunisia, during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
See Ulama and Nahda
Nahdlatul Ulama
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia.
Najd
Najd (نَجْدٌ) is the central region of Saudi Arabia, in which about a third of the country's modern population resides.
See Ulama and Najd
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as the second Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed on 4 September 1870.
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Nāser-ad-Din Ŝāh-e Qājār; 17 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated.
See Ulama and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
Neoplatonism
Neoplatonism is a version of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion.
Nezamiyeh
The Nezamiyeh (نظامیه) or Nizamiyyah (النظامیة) are a group of institutions of higher education established by Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk in the eleventh century in Iran.
Nicomachean Ethics
The Nicomachean Ethics (Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is among Aristotle's best-known works on ethics: the science of the good for human life, that which is the goal or end at which all our actions aim.
See Ulama and Nicomachean Ethics
Nizam al-Mulk
Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam ul-Mulk (lit), was a Persian scholar, jurist, political philosopher and vizier of the Seljuk Empire.
Nuruddin ar-Raniri
Nuruddin ibn Ali ar-Raniri (نورالدين بن علي الرانيري) (also transliterated Nur ud-Din ar-Raniri / Randeri, died 1658) was an Islamic mystic and scholar from Rander in Surat province of Gujarat, in India, who worked for several years in the court of the sultan of Aceh in what is now Indonesia.
See Ulama and Nuruddin ar-Raniri
Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey
Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye (T.C. Resmî Gazete) is the national and only official journal of Turkey that publishes the new legislation and other official announcements.
See Ulama and Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey
Oneworld Publications
Oneworld Publications is a British independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey originally to publish accessible non-fiction by experts and academics for the general market.
See Ulama and Oneworld Publications
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1969.
See Ulama and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Ottoman Caliphate
The caliphate of the Ottoman Empire (office of the caliphate) was the claim of the heads of the Turkish Ottoman dynasty to be the caliphs of Islam in the late medieval and early modern era.
See Ulama and Ottoman Caliphate
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Ottoman Tunisia
Ottoman Tunisia, also known as the Regency of Tunis, refers to the Ottoman presence in Ifriqiya from the 16th to 19th centuries, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis.
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
Pan-Islamism
Pan-Islamism (الوحدة الإسلامية) is a political movement which advocates the unity of Muslims under one Islamic country or state – often a caliphate – or an international organization with Islamic principles.
Persian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution (Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar dynasty.
See Ulama and Persian Constitutional Revolution
Persians
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Ulama and Princeton University Press
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (translit) are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (sharia).
See Ulama and Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Qadi
A qāḍī (Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, kadi, kadhi, kazi, or gazi) is the magistrate or judge of a sharīʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and audition of public works. Ulama and Qadi are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Qadi
Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty (translit; 1789–1925) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.
Qanun (law)
Qanun is an Arabic term that refers to laws established by Muslim sovereigns, especially the body of administrative, economic and criminal law promulgated by Ottoman sultans.
Qāriʾ
A qāriʾ (lit, plural قُرَّاء qurrāʾ or قَرَأَة qaraʾa) is a person who recites the Quran with the proper rules of recitation (tajwid).
See Ulama and Qāriʾ
Qiyas
In Islamic jurisprudence, qiyas (قياس) is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Quran, in order to apply a known injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. Ulama and qiyas are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Qiyas
Qom
Qom (قم) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.
See Ulama and Qom
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
See Ulama and Quran
Quraysh
The Quraysh (قُرَيْشٌ) was an Arab tribe that inhabited and controlled Mecca and its Kaaba.
Rashid Rida
Muhammad Rashid Rida (translit; 1865–1935) was an Islamic scholar, reformer, theologian and revivalist.
Religious law
Religious law includes ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions.
Rifa'a at-Tahtawi
Rifa'a Rafi' at-Tahtawi (translit; 1801–1873) was an Egyptian writer, teacher, translator, Egyptologist, and intellectual of the Nahda (the Arab renaissance).
See Ulama and Rifa'a at-Tahtawi
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989.
See Ulama and Ruhollah Khomeini
Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
Following their rise to power in Iran in the 16th century, the Safavid dynasty initiated a campaign of forced conversion against the Iranian populace, seeking to create a new demographic environment in which Shia Islam would replace Sunni Islam as the nation's religious majority.
See Ulama and Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (Dudmâne Safavi) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736.
Safavid order
The Safavid order, also called the Safaviyya (صفویه), was a Sufi order (Tariqa) founded by the KurdishNewman, Andrew J., Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire, (I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd., 2006), 152.
Safi-ad-Din Ardabili (صفیالدین اسحاق اردبیلی Ṣāfī ad-Dīn Isḥāq Ardabīlī; 1252/3 – 1334) was a poet, mystic, teacher and Sufi master.
See Ulama and Safi-ad-Din Ardabili
Safvat as-safa
The Safvat as-safa (italic), also spelled Safvat al-safa or Safwat al-safa, is a hagiography of the Sufi shaykh Safi-ad-Din Ardabili (1252–1334), founder of the Safaviya sufi order.
Sahn-ı Seman Medrese
The Sahn-ı Seman Medrese or Semâniyye (meaning 'eight courtyards') was a 15th-century Ottoman medrese (madrasa) complex in Istanbul, Turkey, which was part of the Fatih Mosque.
See Ulama and Sahn-ı Seman Medrese
Saint Porphyrius
Porphyrius (Porphyrius; Πορφύριος, Porphyrios; Slavonic: Порфирий, Porfiriy; –420) was bishop of Gaza from 395 to 420, known, from the account in his Life, for Christianizing the recalcitrant pagan city of Gaza, and demolishing its temples.
See Ulama and Saint Porphyrius
Salafi movement
The Salafi movement or Salafism is a revival movement within Sunni Islam, which was formed as a socio-religious movement during the late 19th century and has remained influential in the Islamic world for over a century.
Salah
Salah is the principal form of worship in Islam.
See Ulama and Salah
School of Isfahan
The Isfahan School is a school of Islamic philosophy.
See Ulama and School of Isfahan
Seghatoleslam
Seghatoleslam, also spelled Seqat-ol-eslam, or Thiqat ul-Islam, is an honorific title within the Twelver Shia clergy.
Selim III
Selim III (Selim-i sâlis; III.; 24 December 1761 – 28 July 1808) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807.
Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks.
Shafi'i school
The Shafi'i school or Shafi'ism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Shah
Shah (شاه) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Indian and Iranian monarchies.
See Ulama and Shah
Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.
See Ulama and Sharia
Shaykh al-Islām
Shaykh al-Islām (Šayḫ al-Islām; شِیخُالاسلام, Sheykh-ol-Eslām; شِیخُالاسلام, Sheikh-ul-Islām; شیخ الاسلام, Şeyhülislam) was used in the classical era as an honorific title for outstanding scholars of the Islamic sciences. Ulama and Shaykh al-Islām are islamic scholars.
Shia clergy
In Shi'a Islam the guidance of clergy (collectively called the ulema) and keeping such a structure holds great importance.
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Shirk (Islam)
Shirk (lit) in Islam is a sin often roughly translated as 'idolatry' or 'polytheism', but more accurately meaning 'association '. It refers to accepting other divinities or powers alongside God as associates.
Soltan Hoseyn
Soltan Hoseyn (Soltān-Hoseyn; 1668 – 9 September 1727) was the Safavid shah of Iran from 1694 to 1722.
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
Sufi lodge
A Sufi lodge is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or tariqa and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education.
Suleiman I of Persia
Suleiman I (born Sam Mirza, February or March 1648 – 29 July 1694) was the eighth Shah of Safavid Iran from 1666 to 1694.
See Ulama and Suleiman I of Persia
Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.
See Ulama and Suleiman the Magnificent
Sunnah
In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow.
See Ulama and Sunnah
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Syed Ahmad Khan
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), also spelled Sayyid Ahmad Khan, was a South Asian Muslim reformer, philosopher, and educationist in nineteenth-century British India.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
See Ulama and Syria
Syrian civil war
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.
See Ulama and Syrian civil war
Taşköprüzade
Taşköprüzade or Taşköprülüzade Ahmet (طاشكبري أحمد), pseudonym of Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafá ibn Khalīl Ṭāshkubrīʹzādah (أحمد بن مصطفى بن خليل طاشكبري; Bursa, 3 December 1495 – Istanbul, 16 April 1561), was an Ottoman Turkish historian and chronicler living during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, who was famous for his great biographical encyclopedia titled Al-Shaqāʾiq al-Nuʿmāniyya fī ʿUlamāʾ al-Dawla al-ʿUthmāniyya (Anemones, on the Scholars of the Ottoman Era).
Tahmasp I
Tahmasp I (translit or تهماسب یکم; 22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was the second shah of Safavid Iran from 1524 until his death in 1576.
Tahmasp II
Tahmasp II (translit; 1704? – 11 February 1740) was the penultimate Safavid shah of Iran, ruling from 1722 to 1732.
Taliban
The Taliban (lit), which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is an Afghan militant movement with an ideology comprising elements of Pashtun nationalism and the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism.
Tamim Ansary
Mir Tamim Ansary (born November 4, 1948, in Kabul, Afghanistan) is an Afghan-American author and public speaker.
Tangier
Tangier (Ṭanjah) or Tangiers is a city in northwestern Morocco, on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Taqlid
Taqlid (taqlīd) is an Islamic term denoting the conformity of one person to the teaching of another. Ulama and Taqlid are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Taqlid
Tariqa
A tariqa is a religious order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking, which translates as "ultimate truth".
See Ulama and Tariqa
The Alchemy of Happiness
Kīmīyā-yi Sa'ādat (کیمیای سعادت italics) is a book written by Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī, a Persian theologian, philosopher, and prolific Muslim author, often regarded as one of the greatest systematic thinkers and mystics of Islam, in Persian.
See Ulama and The Alchemy of Happiness
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
The Incoherence of the Philosophers is a landmark 11th-century work by the Muslim polymath al-Ghazali and a student of the Asharite school of Islamic theology criticizing the Avicennian school of early Islamic philosophy.
See Ulama and The Incoherence of the Philosophers
Theocracy
Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs.
Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.
Timur
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (8 April 133617–18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly.
See Ulama and Timur
Timurid dynasty
The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان|translit.
Turco–Mongol tradition
The Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was an ethnocultural synthesis that arose in Asia during the 14th century among the ruling elites of the Golden Horde and the Chagatai Khanate.
See Ulama and Turco–Mongol tradition
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
See Ulama and Turkey
Turkish literature
Turkish literature (Türk edebiyatı, Türk yazını) comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Turkish language.
See Ulama and Turkish literature
Twelver Shi'ism
Twelver Shīʿism (ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة), also known as Imāmiyya (إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa, comprising about 90% of all Shīas.
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644.
See Ulama and Umar
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Ulama and Umayyad Caliphate
Ummah
(أُمَّة) is an Arabic word meaning "nation". Ulama and Ummah are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Ummah
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
See Ulama and UNESCO
UNICEF
UNICEF, originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, officially United Nations Children's Fund since 1953, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.
See Ulama and UNICEF
Urf
(العرف) is an Arabic Islamic term referring to the custom, or 'knowledge', of a given society. Ulama and Urf are Arabic words and phrases in Sharia.
See Ulama and Urf
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh ('North Province') is a state in northern India.
Wahhabism
Wahhabism (translit) is a reformist religious movement within Sunni Islam, based on the teachings of 18th-century Hanbali cleric Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.
Waqf
A (وَقْف;, plural), also called a (plural حُبوس or أَحْباس), or mortmain property, is an inalienable charitable endowment under Islamic law.
See Ulama and Waqf
West Africa
West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R.
Yemen
Yemen (al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state in West Asia.
See Ulama and Yemen
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ; Jogjakarta) is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java.
Zahiri school
The Ẓāhirī school (translit) or Zahirism is a Sunnī school of Islamic jurisprudence founded in the 9th century by Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī, a Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian of the Islamic Golden Age.
Zakat
Zakat (or Zakāh) is one of the five pillars of Islam.
See Ulama and Zakat
Zand dynasty
The Zand dynasty (translit) was an Iranian dynasty, founded by Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779) that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century.
Zaydism
Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate.
See also
Islamic legal occupations
- Faqīh
- Hujjat al-Islam
- Islamic religious police
- Mahsa Amini protests
- Mufti
- Muftiate
- Muhtasibat
- Qadiyat
- Qanungoh Shaikh
- Ulama
- Vekil
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama
Also known as 'Ulama, 'alim, A'lam, Aalim, Alimah, Cleric (Islam), Doctorate in Islam, Ijtehad, Ijthad, Ijtihaad, Ijtihād, Interpretation of Islamic Law, Islamic clergy, Islamic cleric, Islamic lawyer, Islamic lawyers, Islamic scholar, Islamic scholars, Itjihád, List of Islamic titles, Mujtahideen, Mujtahidun, Muslim Islamic Jurists, Muslim cleric, Muslim jurists, Muslim scholar, Olama, One Who Interprets Islamic Law, Oulémas, Qualifications for a mujtahid, Scholar of Islam, Ulama of Egypt, Ulama', Ulamaa, Ulamas, Ulamā, Ulema, Ulemas, Ulemmas, `ulama, , ʿālim.
, Baghdad, Baha al-Din al-Amili, Bahishti Zewar, Balkans, Bazaari, Bedouin, Bimaristan, Cairo, Central Asia, Common good, Companions of the Prophet, Constitution of Turkey, Curriculum, Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah, Darul Uloom Deoband, Delhi Sultanate, Deoband, Dervish, Despotism, Dhikr, Diploma, Directorate of Religious Affairs, Doctrine, Early Muslim conquests, Ebussuud Efendi, Egypt, Fall of Constantinople, Fatih Mosque, Istanbul, Fatwa, Fiqh, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Ghazi (warrior), Ghulam, Grand Mufti, Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Great power, Greater Iran, Greater Khorasan, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, Gujarati Muslims, Hadith, Hafiz (Quran), Halil İnalcık, Hammam, Hanafi school, Hanbali school, Hasan al-Basri, Hassan al-Turabi, Hayreddin Pasha, Hejaz, Hellenistic period, Hellenistic philosophy, Ibadi Islam, Ibn Battuta, Ibn Kemal, Ibn Saud, Ibn Taymiyya, Ihsan, Ijazah, Ijma, Ijtihad, Ikhwan, Ilkhanate, Ilmiye, Imamate in Shia doctrine, Indonesia, Iranian Revolution, Iskandar Thani, Islah, Islam, Islamic calligraphy, Islamic Consultative Assembly, Islamic Golden Age, Islamic philosophy, Islamic state, Islamism, Ismail I, Istihsan, Istislah, Ja'fari school, Jabal Amil, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Junayd of Baghdad, Kalam, Kamal al-Qassab, Kazasker, Kemalism, Khanates of the Caucasus, Khedive, Khums, Khusruwiyah Mosque, Lebanon, List of contemporary Islamic scholars, Lists of Islamic scholars, Madhhab, Madrasa, Maghreb, Mahmud II, Maliki school, Mamluk Sultanate, Mashriq, Maslaha, Maturidism, Mawlawi (Islamic title), Mecca, Mehmed II, Mehmed IV, Mevlâna Museum, Military of the Ottoman Empire, Ministry of Sharia and the Foundations, Mir Damad, Miskawayh, Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi, Mu'tazilism, Mufti, Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad bin Tughluq, Muhammadiyah, Mulla Sadra, Mullah, Mullah Omar, Murad IV, Musa al-Kazim, Muslim Brotherhood in Syria, Muslim World League, Mustansiriya Madrasah, Mysticism, Nahda, Nahdlatul Ulama, Najd, Napoleon III, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, Neoplatonism, Nezamiyeh, Nicomachean Ethics, Nizam al-Mulk, Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, Oneworld Publications, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Ottoman Caliphate, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Tunisia, Pakistan, Pan-Islamism, Persian Constitutional Revolution, Persians, Princeton University Press, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, Qadi, Qajar dynasty, Qanun (law), Qāriʾ, Qiyas, Qom, Quran, Quraysh, Rashid Rida, Religious law, Rifa'a at-Tahtawi, Ruhollah Khomeini, Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, Safavid dynasty, Safavid order, Safi-ad-Din Ardabili, Safvat as-safa, Sahn-ı Seman Medrese, Saint Porphyrius, Salafi movement, Salah, School of Isfahan, Seghatoleslam, Selim III, Seljuk Empire, Shafi'i school, Shah, Sharia, Shaykh al-Islām, Shia clergy, Shia Islam, Shirk (Islam), Soltan Hoseyn, South Asia, Sufi lodge, Suleiman I of Persia, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sunnah, Sunni Islam, Syed Ahmad Khan, Syria, Syrian civil war, Taşköprüzade, Tahmasp I, Tahmasp II, Taliban, Tamim Ansary, Tangier, Tanzimat, Taqlid, Tariqa, The Alchemy of Happiness, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, Theocracy, Theology, Timur, Timurid dynasty, Turco–Mongol tradition, Turkey, Turkish literature, Twelver Shi'ism, Umar, Umayyad Caliphate, Ummah, UNESCO, UNICEF, Urf, Uttar Pradesh, Wahhabism, Waqf, West Africa, Yemen, Yogyakarta, Zahiri school, Zakat, Zand dynasty, Zaydism.