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Violin acoustics, the Glossary

Violin acoustics is an area of study within musical acoustics concerned with how the sound of a violin is created as the result of interactions between its many parts.^[1]

114 relations: A (musical note), Acoustics, Amplitude, Apex (geometry), Bass bar, Bending stiffness, Bow (music), Bow stroke, Bridge (instrument), C. V. Raman, Carleen Hutchins, Catgut, Cello, Center of mass, Composer, Consonance and dissonance, Damping, Digital waveguide synthesis, Double bass, E (musical note), East Carolina University, Electric current, Energy conversion efficiency, Ernst Chladni, Exponential decay, Félix Savart, Fingerboard, Fingering (music), Finite element method, Formant, Frederick Albert Saunders, Frequency, Frequency response, Fret, Fundamental frequency, Galileo Galilei, Harmonic, Helix, Helmholtz resonance, Hermann von Helmholtz, Hertz, History of the violin, Holographic interferometry, India, Interval (music), Ionian school (philosophy), Italian language, John S. Rigden, Joseph Keller, Laser, ... Expand index (64 more) »
Violins

A (musical note)

A or La is the sixth note and the tenth semitone of the fixed-do solfège.

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Acoustics

Acoustics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.

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Amplitude

The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period).

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Apex (geometry)

In geometry, an apex (apices) is the vertex which is in some sense the "highest" of the figure to which it belongs.

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Bass bar

In a string instrument, the bass bar is a brace running from the foot of the neck to a position under the bridge, which bears much of the tension of the strings.

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Bending stiffness

The bending stiffness (K) is the resistance of a member against bending deflection/deformation.

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Bow (music)

In music, a bow is a tensioned stick which has hair (usually horse-tail hair) coated in rosin (to facilitate friction) affixed to it.

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Bow stroke

On a bowed string instrument, a bow stroke is the movement of the bow back and forth perpendicularly across the string, from the frog to the tip and from the tip to the frog, producing sound.

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A bridge is a device that supports the strings on a stringed musical instrument and transmits the vibration of those strings to another structural component of the instrument—typically a soundboard, such as the top of a guitar or violin—which transfers the sound to the surrounding air.

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C. V. Raman

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (7 November 188821 November 1970) was an Indian physicist known for his work in the field of light scattering.

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Carleen Hutchins

Carleen Maley Hutchins (May 24, 1911 – August 7, 2009) was an American high school science teacher, violinmaker and researcher, best known for her creation, in the 1950s/60s, of a family of eight proportionally-sized violins now known as the violin octet (e.g., the vertical viola) and for a considerable body of research into the acoustics of violins.

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Catgut

Catgut (also known as gut) is a type of cord that is prepared from the natural fiber found in the walls of animal intestines.

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Cello

The violoncello, often simply abbreviated as cello, is a bowed (sometimes plucked and occasionally hit) string instrument of the violin family.

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Center of mass

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero.

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Composer

A composer is a person who writes music.

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Consonance and dissonance

In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds.

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Damping

In physical systems, damping is the loss of energy of an oscillating system by dissipation.

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Digital waveguide synthesis

Digital waveguide synthesis is the synthesis of audio using a digital waveguide.

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Double bass

The double bass, also known as the upright bass, the acoustic bass, or simply the bass, is the largest and lowest-pitched chordophone in the modern symphony orchestra (excluding rare additions such as the octobass).

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E (musical note)

E is the third note and the fifth semitone of the C major scale, and mi in fixed-do solfège.

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East Carolina University

East Carolina University (ECU) is a public university in Greenville, North Carolina, United States.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space.

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Energy conversion efficiency

Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms.

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Ernst Chladni

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (30 November 1756 – 3 April 1827) was a German physicist and musician.

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Exponential decay

A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.

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Félix Savart

Félix Savart (30 June 1791, Mézières – 16 March 1841, Paris) was a French physicist and mathematician who is primarily known for the Biot–Savart law of electromagnetism, which he discovered together with his colleague Jean-Baptiste Biot.

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Fingerboard

The fingerboard (also known as a fretboard on fretted instruments) is an important component of most stringed instruments.

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Fingering (music)

In music, fingering, or on stringed instruments sometimes also called stopping, is the choice of which fingers and hand positions to use when playing certain musical instruments.

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Finite element method

The finite element method (FEM) is a popular method for numerically solving differential equations arising in engineering and mathematical modeling.

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Formant

In speech science and phonetics, a formant is the broad spectral maximum that results from an acoustic resonance of the human vocal tract. Violin acoustics and formant are acoustics.

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Frederick Albert Saunders

Frederick Albert Saunders (August 18, 1875 – June 9, 1963) was a Canadian-born American physicist and academic remembered for his work in sub-infrared spectroscopy and acoustics.

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Frequency

Frequency (symbol f), most often measured in hertz (symbol: Hz), is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. Violin acoustics and Frequency are acoustics.

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Frequency response

In signal processing and electronics, the frequency response of a system is the quantitative measure of the magnitude and phase of the output as a function of input frequency.

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Fret

A fret is any of the thin strips of material, usually metal wire, inserted laterally at specific positions along the neck or fretboard of a stringed instrument.

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Fundamental frequency

The fundamental frequency, often referred to simply as the fundamental, is defined as the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform. Violin acoustics and fundamental frequency are acoustics.

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.

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Harmonic

In physics, acoustics, and telecommunications, a harmonic is a sinusoidal wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of a periodic signal. Violin acoustics and harmonic are acoustics.

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Helix

A helix is a shape like a cylindrical coil spring or the thread of a machine screw.

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Helmholtz resonance

Helmholtz resonance, also known as wind throb, refers to the phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity, an effect named after the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz. Violin acoustics and Helmholtz resonance are acoustics.

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Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

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History of the violin

The violin, viola and cello were first built in the early 16th century, in Italy. Violin acoustics and History of the violin are violins.

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Holographic interferometry

Holographic interferometry (HI)Powell RL & Stetson KA, 1965, J. Opt.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Interval (music)

In music theory, an interval is a difference in pitch between two sounds.

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Ionian school (philosophy)

The Ionian school of pre-Socratic philosophy refers to Ancient Greek philosophers, or a school of thought, in Ionia in the 6th century B.C, the first in the Western tradition.

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Italian language

Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.

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John S. Rigden

John S. Rigden was an American physicist.

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Joseph Keller

Joseph Bishop Keller (July 31, 1923 – September 7, 2016) was an American mathematician who specialized in applied mathematics.

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Laser

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

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Lever

A lever is a simple machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum.

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Lute

A lute is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body.

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Magnetic field

A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.

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Major second

In Western music theory, a major second (sometimes also called whole tone or a whole step) is a second spanning two semitones.

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Mass

Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.

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Mathematician

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.

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Modal analysis

Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties of systems in the frequency domain.

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Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the mass moment of inertia, angular/rotational mass, second moment of mass, or most accurately, rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis, akin to how mass determines the force needed for a desired acceleration.

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Musical acoustics

Musical acoustics or music acoustics is a multidisciplinary field that combines knowledge from physics, psychophysics, organology (classification of the instruments), physiology, music theory, ethnomusicology, signal processing and instrument building, among other disciplines. Violin acoustics and Musical acoustics are acoustics.

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Mute (music)

A mute is a device attached to a musical instrument which changes the instrument's tone quality (timbre) or lowers its volume.

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Node (physics)

A node is a point along a standing wave where the wave has minimum amplitude.

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Normal mode

A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation.

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Nut (string instrument)

A nut, on a stringed musical instrument, is a small piece of hard material that supports the strings at the end closest to the headstock or scroll.

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Nylon 6

Nylon 6 or polycaprolactam is a polymer, in particular semicrystalline polyamide.

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Octave

In music, an octave (octavus: eighth) or perfect octave (sometimes called the '''diapason''') is a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice the frequency of vibration of the other.

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Orchestra

An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families.

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Oscillation

Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states.

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Overtone

An overtone is any resonant frequency above the fundamental frequency of a sound. Violin acoustics and overtone are acoustics.

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Paubrasilia

Paubrasilia echinata is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.

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Perfect fifth

In music theory, a perfect fifth is the musical interval corresponding to a pair of pitches with a frequency ratio of 3:2, or very nearly so.

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Perpendicular

In geometry, two geometric objects are perpendicular if their intersection forms right angles (angles that are 90 degrees or π/2 radians wide) at the point of intersection called a foot.

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Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

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Pitch (music)

Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies.

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Pizzicato

Pizzicato (translated as 'pinched', and sometimes roughly as 'plucked') is a playing technique that involves plucking the strings of a string instrument.

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Plane of rotation

In geometry, a plane of rotation is an abstract object used to describe or visualize rotations in space.

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Plate (structure)

A plate is a structural element which is characterized by a three-dimensional solid whose thickness is very small when compared with other dimensions.

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Power (physics)

Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time.

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Proportionality (mathematics)

In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.

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Pythagoras

Pythagoras of Samos (Πυθαγόρας; BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.

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Reflection coefficient

In physics and electrical engineering the reflection coefficient is a parameter that describes how much of a wave is reflected by an impedance discontinuity in the transmission medium.

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Rosin

Rosin, also called colophony or Greek pitch (pix graeca), is a solid form of resin obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers, produced by heating fresh liquid resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components.

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Scientific American

Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.

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Simone Fernando Sacconi

Simone Fernando Sacconi (May 30, 1895 in Rome – June 26, 1973 in Point Lookout) was an expert Italian violin maker and restorer who studied fellow luthier Antonio Stradivari extensively during his lifetime.

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Sine wave

A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. Violin acoustics and sine wave are acoustics.

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Sound

In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. Violin acoustics and sound are acoustics.

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Sound box

A sound box or sounding box (sometimes written soundbox) is an open chamber in the body of a musical instrument which modifies the sound of the instrument, and helps transfer that sound to the surrounding air.

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Sound hole

A sound hole is an opening in the body of a stringed musical instrument, usually the upper sound board.

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Sound post

In a string instrument, the sound post or soundpost is a dowel inside the instrument under the treble end of the bridge, spanning the space between the top and back plates and held in place by friction.

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Standing wave

In physics, a standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that oscillates in time but whose peak amplitude profile does not move in space.

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Stick–slip phenomenon

The stick–slip phenomenon, also known as the slip–stick phenomenon or simply stick–slip, is a type of motion exhibited by objects in contact sliding over one another.

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Stiffness

Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force.

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String (music)

In music, strings are long flexible structures on string instruments that produce sound through vibration.

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String harmonic

Playing a string harmonic (a flageolet) is a string instrument technique that uses the nodes of natural harmonics of a musical string to isolate overtones.

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String instrument

In musical instrument classification, string instruments or chordophones, are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.

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String vibration

A vibration in a string is a wave.

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Superposition principle

The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually.

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Tension (physics)

Tension is the pulling or stretching force transmitted axially along an object such as a string, rope, chain, rod, truss member, or other object, so as to stretch or pull apart the object.

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Timbre

In music, timbre, also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Violin acoustics and timbre are acoustics.

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Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments

A variety of methods are used to tune different stringed instruments.

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Ultrasound

Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. Violin acoustics and Ultrasound are acoustics.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.

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University of Milan

The University of Milan (Università degli Studi di Milano; Universitas Studiorum Mediolanensis), officially abbreviated as UNIMI, or colloquially referred to as La Statale ("the Statal "), is a public research university in Milan, Italy.

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University of New South Wales

The University of New South Wales (UNSW), also known as UNSW Sydney, is a public research university based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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Vibrato

Vibrato (Italian, from past participle of "vibrare", to vibrate) is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of pitch.

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Vincenzo Galilei

Vincenzo Galilei (3 April 1520 – 2 July 1591) was an Italian lutenist, composer, and music theorist.

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Viola

The viola is a string instrument that is usually bowed.

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Violin

The violin, colloquially known as a fiddle, is a wooden chordophone, and is the smallest, and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in regular use in the violin family. Violin acoustics and violin are violins.

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Violin construction and mechanics

A violin consists of a body or corpus, a neck, a finger board, a bridge, a soundpost, four strings, and various fittings. Violin acoustics and violin construction and mechanics are violins.

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Violin family

The violin family of musical instruments was developed in Italy in the 16th century.

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Walter Piston

Walter Hamor Piston, Jr. (January 20, 1894 – November 12, 1976), was an American composer of classical music, music theorist, and professor of music at Harvard University.

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Wavelength

In physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

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Wolf tone

A wolf tone, or simply a "wolf", is an undesirable phenomenon that occurs in some bowed-string instruments, most famously in the cello.

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Young's modulus

Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical property of solid materials that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness when the force is applied lengthwise.

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YouTube

YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin_acoustics

Also known as Acoustics of the Violin, Basic Physics of the Violin, Physics of the violin, Viola acoustics.

, Lever, Lute, Magnetic field, Major second, Mass, Mathematician, Modal analysis, Moment of inertia, Musical acoustics, Mute (music), Node (physics), Normal mode, Nut (string instrument), Nylon 6, Octave, Orchestra, Oscillation, Overtone, Paubrasilia, Perfect fifth, Perpendicular, Physicist, Pitch (music), Pizzicato, Plane of rotation, Plate (structure), Power (physics), Proportionality (mathematics), Pythagoras, Reflection coefficient, Rosin, Scientific American, Simone Fernando Sacconi, Sine wave, Sound, Sound box, Sound hole, Sound post, Standing wave, Stick–slip phenomenon, Stiffness, String (music), String harmonic, String instrument, String vibration, Superposition principle, Tension (physics), Timbre, Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments, Ultrasound, University of Cambridge, University of Milan, University of New South Wales, Vibrato, Vincenzo Galilei, Viola, Violin, Violin construction and mechanics, Violin family, Walter Piston, Wavelength, Wolf tone, Young's modulus, YouTube.

Violin acoustics, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Violins

References