Virgil Thomson, the Glossary
Virgil Thomson (November 25, 1896 – September 30, 1989) was an American composer and critic.[1]
Table of Contents
98 relations: Aaron Copland, Agnes de Mille, Anthony Tommasini, Arthur Honegger, Benjamin Britten, Benjamin Ivry, Carillon, Cello Concerto (Thomson), Chicago Tribune, Community of Christ, Critic, Darius Milhaud, Delta Omicron, Docufiction, Edward MacDowell Medal, Encyclopædia Britannica, Erick Hawkins, Erik Satie, Eugene Ormandy, Exquisite corpse, Farm Security Administration, Four Saints in Three Acts, Francis Poulenc, Frank O'Hara, Frederick M. Smith, George Balanchine, Georges Auric, Germaine Tailleferre, Gertrude Stein, Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral (Kansas City, Missouri), Harvard Glee Club, Harvard University, Hollywood Bowl, Hollywood Bowl Orchestra, Hotel Chelsea, International Alliance for Women in Music, Jack Larson, John Cage, John Tyrrell (musicologist), Joseph Smith, Journal of the Society for American Music, Kansas City, Missouri, Kennedy Center Honors, Latter Day Saint movement, Leonard Bernstein, Leopold Stokowski, Les Six, Lew Christensen, Library of America, Lise Deharme, ... Expand index (48 more) »
- American ballet composers
- LGBT film score composers
Aaron Copland
Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, critic, writer, teacher, pianist and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Virgil Thomson and Aaron Copland are American LGBT composers, American ballet composers, American expatriates in France, American film score composers, American male film score composers, American male opera composers, American opera composers, Kennedy Center honorees, LGBT classical composers, LGBT film score composers, MacDowell Colony fellows, Pulitzer Prize for Music winners and United States National Medal of Arts recipients.
See Virgil Thomson and Aaron Copland
Agnes de Mille
Agnes George de Mille (September 18, 1905 – October 7, 1993) was an American dancer and choreographer. Virgil Thomson and Agnes de Mille are Kennedy Center honorees and United States National Medal of Arts recipients.
See Virgil Thomson and Agnes de Mille
Anthony Tommasini
Anthony Carl Tommasini (born April 14, 1948) is an American music critic and author who specializes in classical music. Virgil Thomson and Anthony Tommasini are opera critics.
See Virgil Thomson and Anthony Tommasini
Arthur Honegger
Arthur Honegger (10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris.
See Virgil Thomson and Arthur Honegger
Benjamin Britten
Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. Virgil Thomson and Benjamin Britten are LGBT classical composers.
See Virgil Thomson and Benjamin Britten
Benjamin Ivry
Benjamin Ivry is an American writer on the arts, broadcaster and translator.
See Virgil Thomson and Benjamin Ivry
Carillon
A carillon is a pitched percussion instrument that is played with a keyboard and consists of at least 23 bells.
See Virgil Thomson and Carillon
Cello Concerto (Thomson)
The Concerto for Violoncello and Orchestra is a composition for cello and orchestra by the American composer Virgil Thomson.
See Virgil Thomson and Cello Concerto (Thomson)
Chicago Tribune
The Chicago Tribune is an American daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, owned by Tribune Publishing.
See Virgil Thomson and Chicago Tribune
Community of Christ, known from 1872 to 2001 as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS), is an American-based international church, and is the second-largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement.
See Virgil Thomson and Community of Christ
Critic
A critic is a person who communicates an assessment and an opinion of various forms of creative works such as art, literature, music, cinema, theater, fashion, architecture, and food.
Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher.
See Virgil Thomson and Darius Milhaud
Delta Omicron
Delta Omicron (ΔΟ) is a co-ed international professional music honors fraternity whose mission is to promote and support excellence in music and musicianship.
See Virgil Thomson and Delta Omicron
Docufiction
Docufiction (or docu-fiction) is the cinematographic combination of documentary and fiction, this term often meaning narrative film.
See Virgil Thomson and Docufiction
Edward MacDowell Medal
The Edward MacDowell Medal is an award which has been given since 1960 to one person annually who has made an outstanding contribution to American culture and the arts.
See Virgil Thomson and Edward MacDowell Medal
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Virgil Thomson and Encyclopædia Britannica
Erick Hawkins
Frederick "Erick" Hawkins (April 23, 1909November 23, 1994) was an American modern-dance choreographer and dancer.
See Virgil Thomson and Erick Hawkins
Erik Satie
Eric Alfred Leslie Satie (17 May 18661 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist.
See Virgil Thomson and Erik Satie
Eugene Ormandy
Eugene Ormandy (born Jenő Blau; November 18, 1899 – March 12, 1985) was a Hungarian-born American conductor and violinist, best known for his association with the Philadelphia Orchestra, as its music director. Virgil Thomson and Eugene Ormandy are Kennedy Center honorees.
See Virgil Thomson and Eugene Ormandy
Exquisite corpse
Exquisite corpse (from the original French term, literally exquisite cadaver) is a method by which a collection of words or images is collectively assembled.
See Virgil Thomson and Exquisite corpse
Farm Security Administration
The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was a New Deal agency created in 1937 to combat rural poverty during the Great Depression in the United States.
See Virgil Thomson and Farm Security Administration
Four Saints in Three Acts
Four Saints in Three Acts is an opera composed in 1928 by Virgil Thomson, setting a libretto written in 1927 by Gertrude Stein.
See Virgil Thomson and Four Saints in Three Acts
Francis Poulenc
Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (7 January 189930 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist. Virgil Thomson and Francis Poulenc are LGBT classical composers.
See Virgil Thomson and Francis Poulenc
Frank O'Hara
Francis Russell "Frank" O'Hara (March 27, 1926 – July 25, 1966) was an American writer, poet, and art critic.
See Virgil Thomson and Frank O'Hara
Frederick M. Smith
Frederick Madison Smith (January 21, 1874 – March 20, 1946), generally known among his followers as "Fred M.", was an American religious leader and author and the third Prophet-President of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (renamed the Community of Christ in 2001), serving from 1915 until his death.
See Virgil Thomson and Frederick M. Smith
George Balanchine
George Balanchine (Various sources. Virgil Thomson and George Balanchine are Kennedy Center honorees.
See Virgil Thomson and George Balanchine
Georges Auric
Georges Auric (15 February 1899 – 23 July 1983) was a French composer, born in Lodève, Hérault, France.
See Virgil Thomson and Georges Auric
Germaine Tailleferre
Germaine Tailleferre (born Marcelle Germaine Taillefesse; 19 April 18927 November 1983) was a French composer and the only female member of the group of composers known as Les Six.
See Virgil Thomson and Germaine Tailleferre
Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector.
See Virgil Thomson and Gertrude Stein
Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral (Kansas City, Missouri)
Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral is an Episcopal cathedral in the Quality Hill neighborhood of downtown Kansas City, Missouri, United States.
See Virgil Thomson and Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral (Kansas City, Missouri)
Harvard Glee Club
The Harvard Glee Club (Glee Club or HGC) is a 60-voice, Tenor-Bass choral ensemble at Harvard University.
See Virgil Thomson and Harvard Glee Club
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See Virgil Thomson and Harvard University
Hollywood Bowl
The Hollywood Bowl is an amphitheatre in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, California, United States.
See Virgil Thomson and Hollywood Bowl
Hollywood Bowl Orchestra
The Hollywood Bowl Orchestra (HBO) is a symphony orchestra that is managed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic Association and plays the vast majority of its performances at the Hollywood Bowl.
See Virgil Thomson and Hollywood Bowl Orchestra
Hotel Chelsea
The Hotel Chelsea (also known as the Chelsea Hotel and the Chelsea) is a hotel at 222 West 23rd Street in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.
See Virgil Thomson and Hotel Chelsea
International Alliance for Women in Music
The International Alliance for Women in Music (IAWM) is an international membership organization of women and men dedicated to fostering and encouraging the activities of women in music, particularly in the areas of musical activity, such as composing, performing, and research, in which gender discrimination is a historic and ongoing concern.
See Virgil Thomson and International Alliance for Women in Music
Jack Larson
Jack Edward Larson (February 8, 1928 – September 20, 2015) was an American actor, librettist, screenwriter and producer best known for his portrayal of photographer/cub reporter Jimmy Olsen on the television series Adventures of Superman.
See Virgil Thomson and Jack Larson
John Cage
John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer and music theorist. Virgil Thomson and John Cage are American LGBT composers, American ballet composers, American male opera composers, American opera composers, composers for carillon and LGBT classical composers.
See Virgil Thomson and John Cage
John Tyrrell (musicologist)
John Tyrrell (17 August 1942 – 4 October 2018) was a British musicologist.
See Virgil Thomson and John Tyrrell (musicologist)
Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith Jr. (December 23, 1805June 27, 1844) was an American religious leader and the founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement.
See Virgil Thomson and Joseph Smith
Journal of the Society for American Music
The Journal of the Society for American Music, published quarterly, is a peer-reviewed academic journal and the official journal of the Society for American Music.
See Virgil Thomson and Journal of the Society for American Music
Kansas City, Missouri
Kansas City, Missouri (KC or KCMO) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area.
See Virgil Thomson and Kansas City, Missouri
Kennedy Center Honors
The Kennedy Center Honors are annual honors given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture.
See Virgil Thomson and Kennedy Center Honors
Latter Day Saint movement
The Latter Day Saint movement (also called the LDS movement, LDS restorationist movement, or Smith–Rigdon movement) is the collection of independent church groups that trace their origins to a Christian Restorationist movement founded by Joseph Smith in the late 1820s.
See Virgil Thomson and Latter Day Saint movement
Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein (born Louis Bernstein; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, music educator, author, and humanitarian. Virgil Thomson and Leonard Bernstein are American LGBT composers, American ballet composers, American film score composers, American male film score composers, American male opera composers, Kennedy Center honorees, LGBT classical composers, LGBT film score composers and MacDowell Colony fellows.
See Virgil Thomson and Leonard Bernstein
Leopold Stokowski
Leopold Anthony Stokowski (18 April 1882 – 13 September 1977) was a British-born American conductor.
See Virgil Thomson and Leopold Stokowski
Les Six
"Les Six" is a name given to a group of six composers, five of them French and one Swiss, who lived and worked in Montparnasse.
See Virgil Thomson and Les Six
Lew Christensen
Lewellyn Farr Christensen (May 6, 1909 – October 9, 1984) was a ballet dancer, choreographer and director for many companies.
See Virgil Thomson and Lew Christensen
Library of America
The Library of America (LOA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature.
See Virgil Thomson and Library of America
Lise Deharme
Lise Deharme (née Anne-Marie Hirtz; 5 May 1898 – 19 January 1980) was a French writer associated with the Surrealist movement.
See Virgil Thomson and Lise Deharme
Lord Byron (opera)
Lord Byron is an opera in three acts by Virgil Thomson to an original English libretto by Jack Larson, inspired by the historical character Lord Byron.
See Virgil Thomson and Lord Byron (opera)
Lou Harrison
Lou Silver Harrison (May 14, 1917 – February 2, 2003) was an American composer, music critic, music theorist, painter, and creator of unique musical instruments. Virgil Thomson and Lou Harrison are American LGBT composers, American male opera composers, American music critics, American opera composers and LGBT classical composers.
See Virgil Thomson and Lou Harrison
Louisiana Story
Louisiana Story is a 1948 American black-and-white drama film directed and produced by Robert J. Flaherty.
See Virgil Thomson and Louisiana Story
MacDowell (artists' residency and workshop)
MacDowell is an artist's residency program in Peterborough, New Hampshire. Virgil Thomson and MacDowell (artists' residency and workshop) are MacDowell Colony fellows and United States National Medal of Arts recipients.
See Virgil Thomson and MacDowell (artists' residency and workshop)
Maurice Grosser
Maurice Grosser (October 23, 1903 – December 22, 1986) was an American painter, art critic, and writer.
See Virgil Thomson and Maurice Grosser
Max Kahn
Max Kahn (1902–2005) was a Litvak lithographer, painter and sculptor born in Slonim, Belarus in 1902. Virgil Thomson and Max Kahn are American expatriates in France.
See Virgil Thomson and Max Kahn
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an encyclopedic art museum in New York City.
See Virgil Thomson and Metropolitan Museum of Art
Modernism (music)
In music, modernism is an aesthetic stance underlying the period of change and development in musical language that occurred around the turn of the 20th century, a period of diverse reactions in challenging and reinterpreting older categories of music, innovations that led to new ways of organizing and approaching harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic aspects of music, and changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger identifiable period of modernism in the arts of the time.
See Virgil Thomson and Modernism (music)
Nadia Boulanger
Juliette Nadia Boulanger (16 September 188722 October 1979) was a French music teacher, conductor and composer.
See Virgil Thomson and Nadia Boulanger
National Medal of Arts
The National Medal of Arts is an award and title created by the United States Congress in 1984, for the purpose of honoring artists and patrons of the arts. Virgil Thomson and National Medal of Arts are United States National Medal of Arts recipients.
See Virgil Thomson and National Medal of Arts
Ned Rorem
Ned Miller Rorem (October 23, 1923 – November 18, 2022) was an American composer of contemporary classical music and a writer. Virgil Thomson and Ned Rorem are American LGBT composers, American male opera composers, American opera composers, LGBT classical composers and Pulitzer Prize for Music winners.
See Virgil Thomson and Ned Rorem
Neoclassicism (music)
Neoclassicism in music was a twentieth-century trend, particularly current in the interwar period, in which composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept of "classicism", namely order, balance, clarity, economy, and emotional restraint.
See Virgil Thomson and Neoclassicism (music)
Neoromanticism (music)
In Western classical music, neoromanticism is a return to the emotional expression associated with nineteenth-century Romanticism.
See Virgil Thomson and Neoromanticism (music)
New York Herald Tribune
The New York Herald Tribune was a newspaper published between 1924 and 1966.
See Virgil Thomson and New York Herald Tribune
New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City, United States.
See Virgil Thomson and New York University
Notes (journal)
Notes is a quarterly journal devoted to "music librarianship, music bibliography and discography, the music trade, and on certain aspects of music history." Published by the Music Library Association, Notes offers reviews on current music-related books, digital media, and sound recordings as well as inventories of publishers’ catalogs and materials recently received.
See Virgil Thomson and Notes (journal)
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France.
See Virgil Thomson and Pablo Picasso
Pare Lorentz
Pare Lorentz (December 11, 1905 – March 4, 1992) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal.
See Virgil Thomson and Pare Lorentz
Paul Bowles
Paul Frederic Bowles (December 30, 1910November 18, 1999) was an American expatriate composer, author, and translator. Virgil Thomson and Paul Bowles are American LGBT composers, American expatriates in France, American male opera composers and American opera composers.
See Virgil Thomson and Paul Bowles
Pervigilium Veneris
Pervigilium Veneris (or The Vigil of Venus) is a Latin poem of uncertain date, variously assigned to the 2nd, 4th or 5th centuries.
See Virgil Thomson and Pervigilium Veneris
Philadelphia Orchestra
The Philadelphia Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra, based in Philadelphia.
See Virgil Thomson and Philadelphia Orchestra
Pilgrims and Pioneers
Pilgrims and Pioneers is a symphonic poem written by the American composer Virgil Thomson.
See Virgil Thomson and Pilgrims and Pioneers
Pulitzer Prize for Music
The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. Virgil Thomson and Pulitzer Prize for Music are Pulitzer Prize for Music winners.
See Virgil Thomson and Pulitzer Prize for Music
Resettlement Administration
The Resettlement Administration (RA) was a New Deal U.S. federal agency created May 1, 1935.
See Virgil Thomson and Resettlement Administration
Richard Kostelanetz
Richard Cory Kostelanetz (born May 14, 1940) is an American artist, author, and critic.
See Virgil Thomson and Richard Kostelanetz
Robert J. Flaherty
Robert Joseph Flaherty, (February 16, 1884 – July 23, 1951) was an American filmmaker who directed and produced the first commercially successful feature-length documentary film, Nanook of the North (1922).
See Virgil Thomson and Robert J. Flaherty
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
See Virgil Thomson and Ronald Reagan
Samuel Sanford
Samuel Simons Sanford (15 March 18496 January 1910) was an American pianist and educator.
See Virgil Thomson and Samuel Sanford
Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie (30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was an influential and prolific British musicologist, music critic, and editor. Virgil Thomson and Stanley Sadie are opera critics.
See Virgil Thomson and Stanley Sadie
Steven Watson (born 1947) is an author, art and cultural historian, curator, and documentary filmmaker.
See Virgil Thomson and Steven Watson (author)
Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony (born Susan Anthony; February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.
See Virgil Thomson and Susan B. Anthony
Symphony on a Hymn Tune
Symphony on a Hymn Tune is a four-movement orchestral composition by the American composer Virgil Thomson.
See Virgil Thomson and Symphony on a Hymn Tune
Tennessee Williams
Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983), known by his pen name Tennessee Williams, was an American playwright and screenwriter. Virgil Thomson and Tennessee Williams are Kennedy Center honorees.
See Virgil Thomson and Tennessee Williams
The Goddess (1958 film)
The Goddess is a 1958 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Kim Stanley and Lloyd Bridges.
See Virgil Thomson and The Goddess (1958 film)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art Centennial
The Metropolitan Museum of Art Centennial was a series of events and initiatives celebrating the 100th anniversary of the charter of the Museum occurring between 1969 and 1971.
See Virgil Thomson and The Metropolitan Museum of Art Centennial
The Mother of Us All
The Mother of Us All is a two-act opera composed by Virgil Thomson to a libretto by Gertrude Stein.
See Virgil Thomson and The Mother of Us All
The Musical Quarterly
The Musical Quarterly is the oldest academic journal on music in America.
See Virgil Thomson and The Musical Quarterly
The Nation
The Nation is a progressive American monthly magazine that covers political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis.
See Virgil Thomson and The Nation
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians.
See Virgil Thomson and The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The Plow That Broke the Plains
The Plow That Broke the Plains is a 1936 short documentary film that shows the cultivation of the Great Plains region of the United States and Canada following the Civil War and leading up to the Dust Bowl as a result of farmers' exploitation of the Great Plains' natural resources.
See Virgil Thomson and The Plow That Broke the Plains
The River (1938 film)
The River is a 1938 short documentary film which shows the importance of the Mississippi River to the United States, and how farming and timber practices had caused topsoil to be swept down the river and into the Gulf of Mexico, leading to catastrophic floods and impoverishing farmers.
See Virgil Thomson and The River (1938 film)
Theodor W. Adorno
Theodor W. Adorno (born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; 11 September 1903 – 6 August 1969) was a German philosopher, musicologist, and social theorist.
See Virgil Thomson and Theodor W. Adorno
Thomas Hardie Chalmers
Thomas Hardie Chalmers (October 20, 1884 – June 11, 1966) was an American opera singer and actor.
See Virgil Thomson and Thomas Hardie Chalmers
Tim Page (music critic)
Tim Page (born Ellis Batten Page Jr.; 11 October 1954) is an American writer, music critic, editor, producer and professor who won the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for his music criticism for The Washington Post. Virgil Thomson and Tim Page (music critic) are opera critics.
See Virgil Thomson and Tim Page (music critic)
Tristan Tzara
Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; – 25 December 1963) was a Romanian avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist.
See Virgil Thomson and Tristan Tzara
Walt Whitman
Walter Whitman Jr. (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and journalist.
See Virgil Thomson and Walt Whitman
Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
See Virgil Thomson and Yale University
YouTube
YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google.
See Virgil Thomson and YouTube
See also
American ballet composers
- Aaron Copland
- Alan Hovhaness
- Alexei Haieff
- Arnold Schoenberg
- Bohuslav Martinů
- Charles Wuorinen
- Christopher Rouse (composer)
- David Lang (composer)
- Don Gillis (composer)
- Ernest Guiraud
- Ernst Krenek
- Florence Wickham
- Gerald Busby
- Hershy Kay
- John Cage
- Kenji Bunch
- Leonard Bernstein
- Michael Torke
- Morton Gould
- Norman Dello Joio
- Norman Lloyd (composer)
- Paul Creston
- Richard Farber
- Richard Peaslee
- Richard Rodgers
- Robert McBride (composer)
- Robert Prince (composer)
- Samuel Barber
- Teiji Ito
- Teo Macero
- Tobias Picker
- Virgil Thomson
- Walter Piston
- William Schuman
LGBT film score composers
- Aaron Copland
- Cole Porter
- Danielle Egnew
- Don Davis (composer)
- Ivri Lider
- John Ottman
- John Strauss
- Joseph Dubin
- Laura Karpman
- Leonard Bernstein
- Lesley Barber
- Lord Berners
- Marc Shaiman
- Mark Bradshaw (composer)
- Mica Levi
- Michael Abels
- Nathan Barr
- Peer Raben
- Richard Addinsell
- Richard Robbins (composer)
- Richard Rodney Bennett
- Roger Edens
- Scott Wittman
- Stephen Trask
- Verity Susman
- Virgil Thomson
- Wendy Carlos
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil_Thomson
Also known as Virgil Garnett Thomson, Virgil Thompson.
, Lord Byron (opera), Lou Harrison, Louisiana Story, MacDowell (artists' residency and workshop), Maurice Grosser, Max Kahn, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Modernism (music), Nadia Boulanger, National Medal of Arts, Ned Rorem, Neoclassicism (music), Neoromanticism (music), New York Herald Tribune, New York University, Notes (journal), Pablo Picasso, Pare Lorentz, Paul Bowles, Pervigilium Veneris, Philadelphia Orchestra, Pilgrims and Pioneers, Pulitzer Prize for Music, Resettlement Administration, Richard Kostelanetz, Robert J. Flaherty, Ronald Reagan, Samuel Sanford, Stanley Sadie, Steven Watson (author), Susan B. Anthony, Symphony on a Hymn Tune, Tennessee Williams, The Goddess (1958 film), The Metropolitan Museum of Art Centennial, The Mother of Us All, The Musical Quarterly, The Nation, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, The Plow That Broke the Plains, The River (1938 film), Theodor W. Adorno, Thomas Hardie Chalmers, Tim Page (music critic), Tristan Tzara, Walt Whitman, Yale University, YouTube.