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Walls of Avignon, the Glossary

The walls of Avignon (Les Remparts d'Avignon) are a series of defensive stone walls that surround the city of Avignon in the south of France.^[1]

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70 relations: Albigensian Crusade, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers, Antipope Benedict XIII, Aragon, Arnaud de Cervole, Avant-corps, Avignon, Avignon Papacy, Avignon University, Bartizan, Battlement, Blind arch, Centre des monuments nationaux, Charles I of Anjou, Chemin de ronde, Classical architecture, Clovis I, Cofferdam, Comtat Venaissin, Drawbridge, Durance, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, Franks, Free company, French Revolution, French Wars of Religion, Gabelle, Gregory of Tours, Hoarding (castle), Huguenots, Hundred Years' War, Joanna I of Naples, Joseph Girard (historian), Late antiquity, Lime (material), Lime mortar, Limestone, Loophole (firearm), Louis IX of France, Louis VIII of France, Mendicant orders, Merlon, Mistral (wind), Octroi, Papal legate, Papal States, Pont Saint-Bénézet, Pope Clement V, Pope Clement VI, Pope Innocent VI, ... Expand index (20 more) »
Buildings and structures in Avignon
City walls in France
Military history of Avignon

Albigensian Crusade

The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, what is now southern France.

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Alphonse, Count of Poitiers

Alphonse (11 November 122021 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse (as such called Alphonse II) from 1249.

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Antipope Benedict XIII

Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (25 November 1328 – 23 May 1423), known as or Pope Luna, was an Aragonese nobleman who was christened antipope Benedict XIII during the Western Schism.

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Aragon

Aragon (Spanish and Aragón; Aragó) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Arnaud de Cervole, also de Cervolles, de Cervolle, Arnaut de Cervole or Arnold of Cervoles (c. 1320 – 25 May 1366), known as l'Archiprêtre (The Archpriest), was a French mercenary soldier and Brigand of the Hundred Years War in the 14th century.

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Avant-corps

An avant-corps (avancorpo or risalto, plural risalti, Risalit, ryzalit), a French term literally meaning "fore-body", is a part of a building, such as a porch or pavilion, that juts out from the corps de logis, often taller than other parts of the building.

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Avignon

Avignon (Provençal or Avignoun,; Avenio) is the prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

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Avignon Papacy

The Avignon Papacy (French: Papauté d'Avignon) was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (at the time within the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire; now part of France) rather than in Rome.

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Avignon University

Avignon University (French: Avignon Université; formerly known as Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse) is a public university located in Avignon, France and founded in 1303.

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Bartizan

A bartizan (an alteration of bratticing), also called a guerite, garita, or échauguette, or spelled bartisan, is an overhanging, wall-mounted turret projecting from the walls of late medieval and early-modern fortifications from the early 14th century up to the 18th century.

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Battlement

A battlement, in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at intervals to allow for the launch of arrows or other projectiles from within the defences.

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Blind arch

A blind arch is an arch found in the wall of a building that has been infilled with solid construction and so cannot serve as a passageway, door or window.

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Centre des monuments nationaux

The Centre des monuments nationaux (CMN) (French, 'National monuments centre') is a French government body (Établissement public à caractère administratif) which conserves, restores and manages historic buildings and sites that are the property of the French state.

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Charles I of Anjou

Charles I (early 1226/12277 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou or Charles d'Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou.

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Chemin de ronde

A chemin de ronde (French, "round path"' or "patrol path"), also called an allure, alure or, more prosaically, a wall-walk, is a raised protected walkway behind a castle battlement.

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Classical architecture

Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes more specifically, from De architectura (c. 10 AD) by the Roman architect Vitruvius.

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Clovis I

Clovis (Chlodovechus; reconstructed Frankish: *Hlōdowig; – 27 November 511) was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Franks under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of petty kings to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs.

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Cofferdam

A cofferdam is an enclosure built within a body of water to allow the enclosed area to be pumped out or drained.

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Comtat Venaissin

The Comtat Venaissin (lang; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the Comtat for short, was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791, in what is now the italic region of Southern France.

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Drawbridge

A drawbridge or draw-bridge is a type of moveable bridge typically at the entrance to a castle or tower surrounded by a moat.

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Durance

The Durance (Durença in the Occitan classical norm or Durènço in the Mistralian norm) is a major river in Southeastern France.

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Eugène Viollet-le-Duc

Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (27 January 181417 September 1879) was a French architect and author, famous for his restoration of the most prominent medieval landmarks in France.

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Franks

Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum;; Francs.) were a western European people during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages.

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Free company

A free company (sometimes called a great company or, in French, grande compagnie) was an army of mercenaries between the 12th and 14th centuries recruited by private employers during wars.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

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French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.

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Gabelle

The gabelle was a very unpopular French salt tax that was established during the mid-14th century and lasted, with brief lapses and revisions, until 1946.

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Gregory of Tours

Gregory of Tours (born italic; 30 November – 17 November 594 AD) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours during the Merovingian period and is known as the "father of French history".

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Hoarding (castle)

A hoard or hoarding was a temporary wooden shed-like construction on the exterior of a castle during a siege that enabled the defenders to improve their field of fire along the length of a wall and, most particularly, directly downwards towards the bottom of the wall.

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Huguenots

The Huguenots were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism.

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Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages.

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Joanna I of Naples

Joanna I, also known as Johanna I (Giovanna I; December 1325 – 27 July 1382), was Queen of Naples, and Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1343 to 1381; she was also Princess of Achaea from 1373 to 1381.

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Joseph Girard (historian)

Joseph Girard (11 February 1881 – 26 May 1962) was a French historian, librarian and museum curator.

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Late antiquity

Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location.

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Lime (material)

Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides.

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Lime mortar

Lime mortar or torching is a masonry mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water.

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Limestone

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.

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Loophole (firearm)

A loophole is a protected small opening, which allows a firearm to be aimed and discharged, while providing cover and concealment for the rifleman.

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Louis IX of France

Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly revered as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270.

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Louis VIII of France

Louis VIII (5 September 1187 8 November 1226), nicknamed The Lion (Le Lion), was King of France from 1223 to 1226.

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Mendicant orders

Mendicant orders are, primarily, certain Roman Catholic religious orders that have adopted for their male members a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelization, and ministry, especially to the poor.

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Merlon

A merlon is the solid upright section of a battlement (a crenellated parapet) in medieval architecture or fortifications.

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Mistral (wind)

The mistral (mestral, Corsican: maestrale, maestral, μαΐστρος, maestrale, majjistral) is a strong, cold, northwesterly wind that blows from southern France into the Gulf of Lion in the northern Mediterranean.

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Octroi

Octroi (octroyer, to grant, authorize; Lat. auctor) is a local tax collected on various articles brought into a district for consumption.

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Papal legate

A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the Pope's legate. A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or representatives of the state or monarchy.

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Papal States

The Papal States (Stato Pontificio), officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa; Status Ecclesiasticus), were a conglomeration of territories on the Apennine Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope from 756 to 1870.

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Pont Saint-Bénézet

The Pont Saint-Bénézet (Provençal: Pònt de Sant Beneset), also known as the Pont d'Avignon, was a medieval bridge across the Rhône in the town of Avignon, in southern France. Walls of Avignon and Pont Saint-Bénézet are buildings and structures in Avignon.

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Pope Clement V

Pope Clement V (Clemens Quintus; c. 1264 – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Guoth and de Goth), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his death, in April 1314.

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Pope Clement VI

Pope Clement VI (Clemens VI; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death, in December 1352.

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Pope Innocent VI

Pope Innocent VI (Innocentius VI; 1282 – 12 September 1362), born Étienne Aubert, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 December 1352 to his death, in September 1362.

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Pope Innocent XI

Pope Innocent XI (Innocentius XI; Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 until his death in 12 August 1689.

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Pope John XXII

Pope John XXII (Ioannes PP.; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death, in December 1334.

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Pope Julius II

Pope Julius II (Iulius II; Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513.

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Pope Pius IV

Pope Pius IV (Pio IV; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1559 to his death, in December 1565.

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Portcullis

A portcullis is a heavy, vertically closing gate typically found in medieval fortifications, consisting of a latticed grille made of wood and/or metal, which slides down grooves inset within each jamb of the gateway.

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Provençal dialect

Provençal (provençau or prouvençau) is a variety of Occitan, spoken by people in Provence and parts of Drôme and Gard.

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Ravelin

A ravelin is a triangular fortification or detached outwork, located in front of the innerworks of a fortress (the curtain walls and bastions).

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Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse

Raymond VII (July 1197 – 27 September 1249) was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death.

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Rescue archaeology

Rescue archaeology, sometimes called commercial archaeology, preventive archaeology, salvage archaeology, contract archaeology, developer-funded archaeology, or compliance archaeology, is state-sanctioned, archaeological survey and excavation carried out as part of the planning process in advance of construction or other land development.

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Retaining wall

Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides.

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Savoy

Savoy (Savouè; Savoie; Italian: Savoia) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps.

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Sorgue

The Sorgue is a river in Southeastern France lying between the foothills of the Alps and the Rhône.

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Tavel, Gard

Tavel (Tavèus) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

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Timeline of Avignon

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Avignon in southern France.

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Triumphal arch

A triumphal arch is a free-standing monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road, and usually standing alone, unconnected to other buildings.

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Vallabrègues

Vallabrègues (Valabrega) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

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Vaucluse

Vaucluse (Provençal or Vau-Cluso) is a department in the southeastern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

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Viguerie

In Southern France, a viguerie (vicaria) was a mediaeval administrative court.

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Villeneuve-lès-Avignon

Villeneuve-lès-Avignon (Provençal: Vilanòva d’Avinhon) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

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Western Schism

The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Great Occidental Schism, the Schism of 1378, or the Great Schism, was a split within the Roman Catholic Church lasting from 20 September 1378 to 11 November 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon simultaneously claimed to be the true pope, and were eventually joined by a third line of Pisan claimants in 1409.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walls_of_Avignon

Also known as City walls of Avignon, Ramparts of Avignon.

, Pope Innocent XI, Pope John XXII, Pope Julius II, Pope Pius IV, Portcullis, Provençal dialect, Ravelin, Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, Rescue archaeology, Retaining wall, Savoy, Sorgue, Tavel, Gard, Timeline of Avignon, Triumphal arch, Vallabrègues, Vaucluse, Viguerie, Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, Western Schism.

Walls of Avignon, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Buildings and structures in Avignon

City walls in France

Military history of Avignon

References