War of Actium, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 76 relations: Actium, Adriatic Sea, Africa (Roman province), Alexander Helios, Alexandria, Asia (Roman province), Attrition warfare, Augustus, Augustus (title), Battle of Actium, Battle of Alexandria (30 BC), Battle of Philippi, Byzantine Empire, Caesarion, Caligula, Cilicia, Claudius, Cleopatra, Cleopatra Selene II, Client state, Crisis of the Roman Republic, Cyrenaica, Death of Cleopatra, Donations of Alexandria, Fabian strategy, Fall of Constantinople, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Gaius Maecenas, Gaius Sosius, Gaul, Greece in the Roman era, Hellenistic-era warships, Hispania, Julius Caesar, Laureys a Castro, Legionary, Legionary denarii (Mark Antony), Lepidus, Liburna, List of Roman civil wars and revolts, Lucius Arruntius (consul 22 BC), Lucius Pinarius, Marcus Junius Brutus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Mark Antony, Mausoleum, Medes, Messenia, Nero, ... Expand index (26 more) »

2. 1st century BC in Egypt
3. 30 BC
4. 30s BC conflicts
5. 32 BC
6. Cleopatra
7. Crisis of the Roman Republic
8. Mark Antony
9. Roman Republican civil wars
10. Second Triumvirate
11. Wars involving the Ptolemaic Kingdom

Actium

Actium or Aktion (Ἄκτιον) was a town on a promontory in ancient Acarnania at the entrance of the Ambraciot Gulf, off which Octavian gained his celebrated victory, the Battle of Actium, over Antony and Cleopatra, on September 2, 31 BCE.

See War of Actium and Actium

Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.

See War of Actium and Adriatic Sea

Africa (Roman province)

Africa was a Roman province on the northern coast of the continent of Africa.

See War of Actium and Africa (Roman province)

Alexander Helios

Alexander Helios (Ἀλέξανδρος Ἥλιος; late 40 BC – unknown, but possibly between 29 and 25 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and son of Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of the Ptolemaic dynasty and Roman triumvir Mark Antony.

See War of Actium and Alexander Helios

Alexandria

Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.

See War of Actium and Alexandria

Asia (Roman province)

Asia (Ἀσία) was a Roman province covering most of western Anatolia, which was created following the Roman Republic's annexation of the Attalid Kingdom in 133 BC.

See War of Actium and Asia (Roman province)

Attrition warfare

Attrition warfare is a military strategy consisting of belligerent attempts to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel, materiel and morale.

See War of Actium and Attrition warfare

Augustus

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire.

See War of Actium and Augustus

Augustus (title)

Augustus (plural Augusti;,; "majestic", "great" or "venerable") was the main title of the Roman emperors during Antiquity. War of Actium and Augustus (title) are augustus.

See War of Actium and Augustus (title)

Battle of Actium

The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet, led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra. War of Actium and battle of Actium are 1st century BC in Egypt, 1st century BC in the Roman Republic, 30s BC conflicts, augustus and Cleopatra.

See War of Actium and Battle of Actium

Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)

The Battle of Alexandria was fought on July 1 to July 30, 30 BC between the forces of Octavian and Mark Antony during the last war of the Roman Republic. War of Actium and Battle of Alexandria (30 BC) are 1st century BC in Egypt, 30 BC and 30s BC conflicts.

See War of Actium and Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)

Battle of Philippi

The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Liberators' civil war between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Brutus and Cassius, in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia. War of Actium and battle of Philippi are augustus, mark Antony, Roman Republican civil wars and second Triumvirate.

See War of Actium and Battle of Philippi

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

See War of Actium and Byzantine Empire

Caesarion

Ptolemy XV Caesar (Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ,; 23 June 47 BC – 29 August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (Καισαρίων,, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra VII from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 12 August 30 BC, then as sole ruler until his death was ordered by Octavian (who would become the first Roman emperor as Augustus).

See War of Actium and Caesarion

Caligula

Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), better known by his nickname Caligula, was Roman emperor from AD 37 until his assassination in AD 41.

See War of Actium and Caligula

Cilicia

Cilicia is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.

See War of Actium and Cilicia

Claudius

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August – 13 October) was a Roman emperor, ruling from to 54.

See War of Actium and Claudius

Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Θεά ΦιλοπάτωρThe name Cleopatra is pronounced, or sometimes in British English, see, the same as in American English.. Her name was pronounced in the Greek dialect of Egypt (see Koine Greek phonology);Also "Thea Neotera", lit.

See War of Actium and Cleopatra

Cleopatra Selene II

Cleopatra Selene II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; summer 40 BC – BC; the numeration is modern) was a Ptolemaic princess, Queen of Numidia (briefly in 25 BC) and Mauretania (25 BC – 5 BC) and Queen of Cyrenaica (34 BC – 30 BC).

See War of Actium and Cleopatra Selene II

Client state

In the field of international relations, a client state, is a state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state.

See War of Actium and Client state

Crisis of the Roman Republic

The crisis of the Roman Republic was an extended period of political instability and social unrest from about to 44 BC that culminated in the demise of the Roman Republic and the advent of the Roman Empire. War of Actium and crisis of the Roman Republic are 1st century BC in the Roman Republic and Roman Republican civil wars.

See War of Actium and Crisis of the Roman Republic

Cyrenaica

Cyrenaica or Kyrenaika (Barqah, Kurēnaïkḗ, after the city of Cyrene), is the eastern region of Libya.

See War of Actium and Cyrenaica

Death of Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII, the last ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, died on either 10 or 12 August, 30 BC, in Alexandria, when she was 39 years old. War of Actium and Death of Cleopatra are 1st century BC in Egypt, 30 BC and Cleopatra.

See War of Actium and Death of Cleopatra

Donations of Alexandria

The Donations of Alexandria (autumn 34 BC) was a political act by Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony in which they distributed lands held by Rome and Parthia among Cleopatra's children and gave them many titles, especially for Caesarion, the son of Julius Caesar. War of Actium and Donations of Alexandria are 1st century BC in Egypt, 1st century BC in the Roman Republic, Cleopatra, mark Antony and second Triumvirate.

See War of Actium and Donations of Alexandria

Fabian strategy

The Fabian strategy is a military strategy where pitched battles and frontal assaults are avoided in favor of wearing down an opponent through a war of attrition and indirection.

See War of Actium and Fabian strategy

Fall of Constantinople

The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.

See War of Actium and Fall of Constantinople

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.

See War of Actium and Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Gaius Cassius Longinus

Gaius Cassius Longinus (– 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC.

See War of Actium and Gaius Cassius Longinus

Gaius Maecenas

Gaius Cilnius Maecenas (13 April 68 BC – 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to Octavian (who later reigned as emperor Augustus). War of Actium and Gaius Maecenas are augustus.

See War of Actium and Gaius Maecenas

Gaius Sosius

Gaius Sosius (39–17 BC) was a Roman general and politician who featured in the wars of the late Republic as a staunch supporter of Mark Antony.

See War of Actium and Gaius Sosius

Gaul

Gaul (Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy.

See War of Actium and Gaul

Greece in the Roman era

Greece in the Roman era (Greek: Έλλάς, Latin: Graecia) describes the Roman conquest of the territory of the modern nation-state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically.

See War of Actium and Greece in the Roman era

Hellenistic-era warships

From the 4th century BC on, new types of oared warships appeared in the Mediterranean Sea, superseding the trireme and transforming naval warfare.

See War of Actium and Hellenistic-era warships

Hispania

Hispania (Hispanía; Hispānia) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula.

See War of Actium and Hispania

Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. War of Actium and Julius Caesar are Cleopatra.

See War of Actium and Julius Caesar

Laureys a Castro

Laureys a Castro or Lorenzo a Castro (March 1644 –) was a Flemish painter of marine views and portraits who is mainly known for his work carried out in England roughly between 1672 and 1700.

See War of Actium and Laureys a Castro

Legionary

The Roman legionary (in Latin legionarius;: legionarii) was a citizen soldier of the Roman army.

See War of Actium and Legionary

Legionary denarii (Mark Antony)

Legionary denarii is the modern name for a series of Roman silver denarius coins issued by Mark Antony in the eastern Mediterranean during the last war of the Roman Republic from 32 to 31 BC, in the lead up to the Battle of Actium. War of Actium and Legionary denarii (Mark Antony) are 1st century BC in the Roman Republic and mark Antony.

See War of Actium and Legionary denarii (Mark Antony)

Lepidus

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (89 BC – late 13 or early 12 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who formed the Second Triumvirate alongside Octavian and Mark Antony during the final years of the Roman Republic.

See War of Actium and Lepidus

Liburna

A liburna was a type of small galley used for raiding and patrols.

See War of Actium and Liburna

List of Roman civil wars and revolts

This list of Roman civil wars and revolts includes civil wars and organized civil disorder, revolts, and rebellions in ancient Rome (Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic, and Roman Empire) until the fall of the Western Roman Empire (753 BC – AD 476). War of Actium and list of Roman civil wars and revolts are Roman Republican civil wars.

See War of Actium and List of Roman civil wars and revolts

Lucius Arruntius (consul 22 BC)

Lucius Arruntius was a Roman admiral.

See War of Actium and Lucius Arruntius (consul 22 BC)

Lucius Pinarius

Lucius Pinarius Scarpus (flourished 1st century BC) was a Roman who lived during the late Republic and the early Empire.

See War of Actium and Lucius Pinarius

Marcus Junius Brutus

Marcus Junius Brutus (85 BC – 23 October 42 BC) was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar.

See War of Actium and Marcus Junius Brutus

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (BC – 12 BC) was a Roman general, statesman and architect who was a close friend, son-in-law and lieutenant to the Roman emperor Augustus.

See War of Actium and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autocratic Roman Empire.

See War of Actium and Mark Antony

Mausoleum

A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people.

See War of Actium and Mausoleum

Medes

The Medes (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭; Akkadian: 13px, 13px; Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan).

See War of Actium and Medes

Messenia

Messenia or Messinia (Μεσσηνία) is a regional unit (perifereiaki enotita) in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese region, in Greece.

See War of Actium and Messenia

Nero

Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68.

See War of Actium and Nero

Octavia the Younger

Octavia the Younger (Octavia Minor; – 11 BC) was the elder sister of the first Roman emperor, Augustus (known also as Octavian), the half-sister of Octavia the Elder, and the fourth wife of Mark Antony.

See War of Actium and Octavia the Younger

Parthia

Parthia (𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 Parθava; 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅Parθaw; 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw) is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran.

See War of Actium and Parthia

Pax Romana

The (Latin for "Roman peace") is a roughly 200-year-long period of Roman history which is identified as a golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonic power, and regional expansion. War of Actium and Pax Romana are augustus.

See War of Actium and Pax Romana

Pharaoh

Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.

See War of Actium and Pharaoh

Phoenicia

Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.

See War of Actium and Phoenicia

Power vacuum

In political science and political history, the term power vacuum, also known as a power void, is an analogy between a physical vacuum to the political condition "when someone in a place of power, has lost control of something and no one has replaced them." The situation can occur when a government has no identifiable central power or authority.

See War of Actium and Power vacuum

Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. War of Actium and Ptolemaic Kingdom are 30 BC.

See War of Actium and Ptolemaic Kingdom

Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)

Ptolemy Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaios Philadelphos, "Ptolemy the brother-loving", August/September 36 BC – 29 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the youngest and fourth child of Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and her third with Roman Triumvir Mark Antony.

See War of Actium and Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)

Publius Canidius Crassus

Publius Canidius Crassus (died 30 BC) was a Roman general and Mark Antony's lieutenant.

See War of Actium and Publius Canidius Crassus

Roman consul

A consul was the highest elected public official of the Roman Republic (to 27 BC).

See War of Actium and Roman consul

Roman Egypt

Roman Egypt; was an imperial province of the Roman Empire from 30 BC to AD 641. War of Actium and Roman Egypt are 30 BC.

See War of Actium and Roman Egypt

Roman emperor

The Roman emperor was the ruler and monarchical head of state of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC.

See War of Actium and Roman emperor

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See War of Actium and Roman Empire

Roman Italy

Italia (in both the Latin and Italian languages), also referred to as Roman Italy, was the homeland of the ancient Romans.

See War of Actium and Roman Italy

Roman legion

The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.

See War of Actium and Roman legion

Roman province

The Roman provinces (pl.) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.

See War of Actium and Roman province

Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.

See War of Actium and Roman Republic

Roman Senate

The Roman Senate (Senātus Rōmānus) was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy.

See War of Actium and Roman Senate

Roman Syria

Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great, who had become the protector of the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria.

See War of Actium and Roman Syria

Roman triumph

The Roman triumph (triumphus) was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly celebrate and sanctify the success of a military commander who had led Roman forces to victory in the service of the state or, in some historical traditions, one who had successfully completed a foreign war.

See War of Actium and Roman triumph

Second Triumvirate

The Second Triumvirate was an extraordinary commission and magistracy created for Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian to give them practically absolute power. War of Actium and Second Triumvirate are 1st century BC in the Roman Republic, augustus and mark Antony.

See War of Actium and Second Triumvirate

SPQR

SPQR, an initialism for Senatus Populusque Romanus, is an emblematic phrase referring to the government of the Roman Republic.

See War of Actium and SPQR

Strabo

StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.

See War of Actium and Strabo

Tarcondimotus I

Tarcondimotus I (Ταρκονδίμοτος; died 31 BC) was a Roman client king of Cilicia, who played a role in the Roman civil wars of the late Roman Republic.

See War of Actium and Tarcondimotus I

Temple of Vesta

The Temple of Vesta, or the aedes (Latin Aedes Vestae; Italian: Tempio di Vesta), is an ancient edifice in Rome, Italy.

See War of Actium and Temple of Vesta

Titus Statilius Taurus

Titus Statilius Taurus was the name of a line of Roman senators.

See War of Actium and Titus Statilius Taurus

See also

1st century BC in Egypt

• Alexandrian war
• Battle of Actium
• Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)
• Battle of the Nile (47 BC)
• Death of Cleopatra
• Donations of Alexandria
• Ptolemaic dynasty
• Reign of Cleopatra
• Siege of Alexandria (47 BC)
• War of Actium

30 BC

• 30 BC
• Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)
• Death of Cleopatra
• Ptolemaic Kingdom
• Ptolemaic dynasty
• Roman Egypt
• War of Actium

30s BC conflicts

• Antony's Parthian War
• Antony's campaign against Armenia
• Battle of Actium
• Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)
• Battle of Amanus Pass
• Battle of Mount Gindarus
• Battle of Mylae (36 BC)
• Battle of Naulochus
• Battle of Zhizhi
• Battle of the Cilician Gates
• Bellum Siculum
• Roman–Dalmatian wars
• Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC)
• War of Actium

32 BC

• 32 BC
• War of Actium

Cleopatra

• 216 Kleopatra
• Alexandrian Kings
• Alexandrian war
• Antirhodos
• Antony's Atropatene campaign
• Apollodorus the Sicilian
• Arsinoe IV
• Asp (snake)
• Athenion (general)
• Battle of Actium
• Battle of the Nile (47 BC)
• Caesar's civil war
• Caesareum of Alexandria
• Charmion (servant to Cleopatra)
• Cleopatra
• Cleopatra's Needles
• Cleopatrodon
• Cultural depictions of Cleopatra
• Death of Cleopatra
• Donations of Alexandria
• Early life of Cleopatra
• Ethnicity of Cleopatra
• Ganymedes (eunuch)
• Julius Caesar
• Pothinus
• Prix Cléopâtre
• Ptolemy XII Auletes
• Reign of Cleopatra
• Siege of Alexandria (47 BC)
• Taposiris Magna
• Tomb of Antony and Cleopatra
• War of Actium

Crisis of the Roman Republic

• Assassination of Julius Caesar
• Ballot laws of the Roman Republic
• Bellum Octavianum
• Caesar's civil war
• Crisis of the Roman Republic
• Gracchi brothers
• Ides of March
• Lex Pompeia de ambitu
• Liberators' civil war
• Marian reforms
• Perusine War
• Sertorian War
• Social War (91–87 BC)
• Sulla's civil war
• The Historians' History of the World
• Triumvirate (ancient Rome)
• War of Actium
• War of Mutina

Mark Antony

• Alexandrian Kings
• Antony's Atropatene campaign
• Antony's Parthian War
• Antony's campaign against Armenia
• Battle of Forum Gallorum
• Battle of Mutina
• Battle of Philippi
• Bellum Siculum
• Calderara di Reno
• Donations of Alexandria
• Eclogue 4
• Flamen Divi Julii
• Fleet coinage (Mark Antony)
• Glaphyra (hetaera)
• Leges Antoniae
• Legio III Cyrenaica
• Legio VI Ferrata
• Legio X Equestris
• Legio X Gemina
• Legio XII Fulminata
• Legionary denarii (Mark Antony)
• Lex Titia
• Liberators' civil war
• Mark Antony
• Pact of Misenum
• Philippicae
• Pompeian–Parthian invasion of 40 BC
• Second Triumvirate
• Siege of Brundisium
• Temple of Caesar
• The Banquet of Cleopatra
• Tomb of Antony and Cleopatra
• Volumnia Cytheris
• War of Actium
• War of Mutina

Roman Republican civil wars

• Androsthenes of Thessaly
• Battle of Mylae (36 BC)
• Battle of Naulochus
• Battle of Philippi
• Battle of Utica (81 BC)
• Bellum Octavianum
• Bellum Siculum
• Caesar's civil war
• Crisis of the Roman Republic
• First Servile War
• Liberators' civil war
• List of Roman civil wars and revolts
• March on Rome (88 BC)
• Perusine War
• Second Servile War
• Sertorian War
• Servile Wars
• Social War (91–87 BC)
• Sulla's civil war
• Third Servile War
• War of Actium
• War of Mutina

Second Triumvirate

• Antony's Atropatene campaign
• Antony's Parthian War
• Battle of Mylae (36 BC)
• Battle of Naulochus
• Battle of Philippi
• Bellum Siculum
• Donations of Alexandria
• Legio III Cyrenaica
• Lex Titia
• Liberators' civil war
• Pact of Misenum
• Perusine War
• Philippicae
• Rule by decree
• Second Triumvirate
• Temple of Caesar
• The Massacres of the Triumvirate
• Triumvirate (ancient Rome)
• War of Actium

Wars involving the Ptolemaic Kingdom

• Chremonidean War
• Syrian Wars
• War of Actium

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Actium

Also known as Antony's Civil War, Civil war between Antony and Octavian, Final War of the Roman Republic, Last War of the Roman Republic, Roman conquest of Egypt, Two Caesars are one too many, War between Antony and Octavian.

, Octavia the Younger, Parthia, Pax Romana, Pharaoh, Phoenicia, Power vacuum, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra), Publius Canidius Crassus, Roman consul, Roman Egypt, Roman emperor, Roman Empire, Roman Italy, Roman legion, Roman province, Roman Republic, Roman Senate, Roman Syria, Roman triumph, Second Triumvirate, SPQR, Strabo, Tarcondimotus I, Temple of Vesta, Titus Statilius Taurus.