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Warfare in Sumer, the Glossary

Warfare in Sumer predominantly consisted of small-scale conflicts between nearby city-states.^[1]

60 relations: Akkadian Empire, Animal, Aratta, Archaeology, Armour, Art of Mesopotamia, Battering ram, Bronze, Chariot, City-state, Cloak, Commission (art), Composite bow, Copper, Crossbreed, Donkey, Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Elam, Epigraphy, Flood, Gilgamesh, Gutian people, Helmet, History of Sumer, Iran, Khopesh, Kish (Sumer), Lagash, Lapis lazuli, Light infantry, List of cities of the ancient Near East, Looting, Manishtushu, Meshkiangasher, Military alliance, Mule, Nomad, Phalanx, Prisoner of war, Reputation, Sapper, Sargon of Akkad, Shublugal, Siege, Spear, Standard of Ur, Stele of the Vultures, Sumer, Sword, Theme (narrative), ... Expand index (10 more) »
Ancient warfare

Akkadian Empire

The Akkadian Empire was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer. Warfare in Sumer and Akkadian Empire are ancient Mesopotamia.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Aratta

Aratta is a land that appears in Sumerian myths surrounding Enmerkar and Lugalbanda, two early and possibly mythical kings of Uruk also mentioned on the Sumerian king list.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Armour (Commonwealth English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially direct contact weapons or projectiles during combat, or from a potentially dangerous environment or activity (e.g.

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Art of Mesopotamia

The art of Mesopotamia has survived in the record from early hunter-gatherer societies (8th millennium BC) on to the Bronze Age cultures of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Warfare in Sumer and art of Mesopotamia are ancient Mesopotamia.

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Battering ram

A battering ram is a siege engine that originated in ancient times and was designed to break open the masonry walls of fortifications or splinter their wooden gates.

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Bronze

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.

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Chariot

A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power. Warfare in Sumer and chariot are ancient warfare.

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City-state

A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.

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Cloak

A cloak is a type of loose garment worn over clothing, mostly but not always as outerwear for outdoor wear, serving the same purpose as an overcoat, protecting the wearer from the weather.

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Commission (art)

In art, a commission is the act of requesting the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another.

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Composite bow

A composite bow is a traditional bow made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together, a form of laminated bow.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.

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Crossbreed

A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations.

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Donkey

The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine.

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Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)

The Early Dynastic period (abbreviated ED period or ED) is an archaeological culture in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that is generally dated to and was preceded by the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods. Warfare in Sumer and Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia) are ancient Mesopotamia.

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Elam

Elam (Linear Elamite: hatamti; Cuneiform Elamite:; Sumerian:; Akkadian:; עֵילָם ʿēlām; 𐎢𐎺𐎩 hūja) was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. Warfare in Sumer and Elam are ancient Mesopotamia.

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Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.

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Flood

A flood is an overflow of water (or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry.

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Gilgamesh

Gilgamesh (𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦|translit.

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Gutian people

The Guti, also known by the derived exonyms Gutians or Guteans, were a people of the ancient Near East. Warfare in Sumer and Gutian people are ancient Mesopotamia.

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Helmet

A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head.

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History of Sumer

The history of Sumer spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Khopesh

The khopesh (ḫpš; also vocalized khepesh) is an Egyptian sickle-shaped sword that developed from battle axes.

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Kish (Sumer)

Kish (Kiš;; cuneiform: 𒆧𒆠; Kiššatu, near modern Tell al-Uhaymir) is an important archaeological site in Babil Governorate (Iraq), located south of Baghdad and east of the ancient city of Babylon.

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Lagash

Lagash (cuneiform: LAGAŠKI; Sumerian: Lagaš) was an ancient city state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq.

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Lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.

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Light infantry

Light infantry refers to certain types of lightly equipped infantry throughout history.

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List of cities of the ancient Near East

The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

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Looting

Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting.

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Manishtushu

Manishtushu (Man-ištušu) (Ma-an-ish-tu-su) c. 2270-2255 BC (middle chronology) was the third (or possibly second) king of the Akkadian Empire, reigning 15 years from c. 2270 BC until his death in c. 2255 BC.

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Meshkiangasher

Meshkiangasher was a legendary king mentioned in the Sumerian King List as the priest of the Eanna temple in Uruk, whose journey led him to the enter the sea and ascend the mountains.

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Military alliance

A military alliance is a formal agreement between nations that specifies mutual obligations regarding national security.

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Mule

The mule is a domestic equine hybrid between a donkey and a horse.

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Nomad

Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas.

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Phalanx

The phalanx (phalanxes or phalanges) was a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar polearms tightly packed together.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Reputation

The reputation or prestige of a social entity (a person, a social group, an organization, or a place) is an opinion about that entity – typically developed as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria, such as behavior or performance.

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Sapper

A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair.

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Sargon of Akkad

Sargon of Akkad (𒊬𒊒𒄀|Šarrugi), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.

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Shublugal

In ancient Mesopotamia, a shublugal, meaning slave of the king(with Lugal meaning king), was a slave who lived in a temple, like gurush and iginidug, but this type was more numerous. Warfare in Sumer and shublugal are ancient Mesopotamia.

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Siege

A siege (lit) is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault.

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Spear

A spear is a polearm consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head.

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Standard of Ur

The Standard of Ur is a Sumerian artifact of the 3rd millennium BC that is now in the collection of the British Museum.

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Stele of the Vultures

The Stele of the Vultures is a monument from the Early Dynastic IIIb period (2600–2350 BC) in Mesopotamia celebrating a victory of the city-state of Lagash over its neighbour Umma.

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Sumer

Sumer is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. Warfare in Sumer and Sumer are ancient Mesopotamia.

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Sword

A sword is an edged, bladed weapon intended for manual cutting or thrusting.

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Theme (narrative)

In contemporary literary studies, a theme is a central topic, subject, or message within a narrative.

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Tin

Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.

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Trade route

A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo.

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Tutelary deity

A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation.

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Umma

Umma (𒄑𒆵𒆠; in modern Dhi Qar Province in Iraq, was an ancient city in Sumer. There is some scholarly debate about the Sumerian and Akkadian names for this site. Traditionally, Umma was identified with Tell Jokha. More recently it has been suggested that it was located at Umm al-Aqarib, less than to its northwest or was even the name of both cities.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfare_in_Sumer

Also known as Ancient Sumerian warfare, Warfare in Ancient Mesopotamia, Warfare in Ancient Sumeria, Warfare in ancient Sumer.

, Tin, Trade route, Tutelary deity, Umma, Ur, Uruk, Uruk period, War wagon, Wealth, Zagros Mountains.

Warfare in Sumer, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Ancient warfare

References