Water purification, the Glossary
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water.[1]
Table of Contents
230 relations: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Acid, Acid rain, Activated alumina, Activated carbon, Algae, Alkali, Allen Hazen, Aluminium sulfate, Ammonia, Analytical chemistry, Anthracite, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Aquifer, Army Medical Department (United States), Army Medical School, Arsenic, Artesian well, Atmospheric water generator, Backwashing (water treatment), Bacteria, Bacteriological water analysis, Bank filtration, Bicarbonate, Bioremediation, Blood lead level, Boiling, Boiling point, Bone char, Bottled water, Bromate, Bromine, Brownian motion, Calcium, Calcium carbonate, Calcium hypochlorite, Calcium oxide, Campylobacter, Canal, Carbon dioxide, Carbonate, Carcinogen, Carl Rogers Darnall, Chelsea Waterworks Company, Chloramines, Chloride, Chlorine, Chlorine dioxide, Chlorite, Cholera, ... Expand index (180 more) »
- Industrial water treatment
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy — and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).
See Water purification and Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.
See Water purification and Acid
Acid rain
Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Water purification and acid rain are water pollution.
See Water purification and Acid rain
Activated alumina
Activated alumina is manufactured from aluminium hydroxide by dehydroxylating it in a way that produces a highly porous material; this material can have a surface area significantly over 200 m2/g.
See Water purification and Activated alumina
Activated carbon
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses.
See Water purification and Activated carbon
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
See Water purification and Algae
Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (from lit) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
See Water purification and Alkali
Allen Hazen
Allen Hazen (August 28, 1869 – July 26, 1930) was an American civil engineer and an expert in hydraulics, flood control, water purification and sewage treatment.
See Water purification and Allen Hazen
Aluminium sulfate
Aluminium sulfate is a salt with the formula Al2(SO4)3. Water purification and Aluminium sulfate are water treatment.
See Water purification and Aluminium sulfate
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.
See Water purification and Ammonia
Analytical chemistry
Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter.
See Water purification and Analytical chemistry
Anthracite
Anthracite, also known as hard coal and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic lustre.
See Water purification and Anthracite
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.
See Water purification and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing material, consisting of permeable or fractured rock, or of unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
See Water purification and Aquifer
Army Medical Department (United States)
The Army Medical Department of the U.S. Army (AMEDD), formerly known as the Army Medical Service (AMS), encompasses the Army's six medical Special Branches (or "Corps").
See Water purification and Army Medical Department (United States)
Army Medical School
Founded by U.S. Army Brigadier General George Miller Sternberg, MD in 1893, the Army Medical School (AMS) was by some reckonings the world's first school of public health and preventive medicine.
See Water purification and Army Medical School
Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and the atomic number 33.
See Water purification and Arsenic
Artesian well
An artesian well is a well that brings groundwater to the surface without pumping because it is under pressure within a body of rock and/or sediment known as an aquifer.
See Water purification and Artesian well
Atmospheric water generator
An atmospheric water generator (AWG), is a device that extracts water from humid ambient air, producing potable water.
See Water purification and Atmospheric water generator
Backwashing (water treatment)
In terms of water treatment, including water purification and sewage treatment, backwashing refers to pumping water backwards through the filters media, sometimes including intermittent use of compressed air during the process. Water purification and backwashing (water treatment) are water treatment.
See Water purification and Backwashing (water treatment)
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
See Water purification and Bacteria
Bacteriological water analysis
Bacteriological water analysis is a method of analysing water to estimate the numbers of bacteria present and, if needed, to find out what sort of bacteria they are.
See Water purification and Bacteriological water analysis
Bank filtration
River Bank filtration is a type of filtration that works by passing water to be purified for use as drinking water through the banks of a river or lake.
See Water purification and Bank filtration
Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
See Water purification and Bicarbonate
Bioremediation broadly refers to any process wherein a biological system (typically bacteria, microalgae, fungi in mycoremediation, and plants in phytoremediation), living or dead, is employed for removing environmental pollutants from air, water, soil, flue gasses, industrial effluents etc., in natural or artificial settings.
See Water purification and Bioremediation
Blood lead level
Blood lead level (BLL), is a measure of the amount of lead in the blood.
See Water purification and Blood lead level
Boiling
Boiling or ebullition is the rapid phase transition from liquid to gas or vapor; the reverse of boiling is condensation.
See Water purification and Boiling
Boiling point
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.
See Water purification and Boiling point
Bone char
Bone char (carbo animalis.) is a porous, black, granular material produced by charring animal bones.
See Water purification and Bone char
Bottled water
Bottled water is drinking water (e.g., well water, distilled water, reverse osmosis water, mineral water, or spring water) packaged in plastic or glass water bottles.
See Water purification and Bottled water
Bromate
The bromate anion, BrO, is a bromine-based oxoanion.
See Water purification and Bromate
Bromine
Bromine is a chemical element; it has symbol Br and atomic number 35.
See Water purification and Bromine
Brownian motion
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas).
See Water purification and Brownian motion
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
See Water purification and Calcium
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Water purification and Calcium carbonate
Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with chemical formula, also written as.
See Water purification and Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.
See Water purification and Calcium oxide
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a type of bacteria that can cause a diarrheal disease in people.
See Water purification and Campylobacter
Canal
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi).
See Water purification and Canal
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
See Water purification and Carbon dioxide
Carbonate
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid,, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula.
See Water purification and Carbonate
Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any agent that promotes the development of cancer.
See Water purification and Carcinogen
Carl Rogers Darnall
Brigadier General Carl Rogers Darnall (December 25, 1867, in Weston, Texas – January 18, 1941, in Washington, D.C.) was a United States Army chemist and surgeon credited with originating the technique of liquid chlorination of drinking water.
See Water purification and Carl Rogers Darnall
Chelsea Waterworks Company
The Chelsea Waterworks Company was a London waterworks company founded in 1723 which supplied water to many central London locations throughout the 18th and 19th centuries until its functions were taken over by the Metropolitan Water Board in 1904.
See Water purification and Chelsea Waterworks Company
Chloramines
Chloramines refer to derivatives of ammonia and organic amines wherein one or more N−H bonds have been replaced by N−Cl bonds.
See Water purification and Chloramines
Chloride
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine ion, which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.
See Water purification and Chloride
Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
See Water purification and Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C.
See Water purification and Chlorine dioxide
Chlorite
The chlorite ion, or chlorine dioxide anion, is the halite with the chemical formula of.
See Water purification and Chlorite
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
See Water purification and Cholera
Clay
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al2Si2O5(OH)4).
See Water purification and Clay
Clear well
A clear well (sometimes spelled as "clearwell") is a component of a municipal drinking water purification system. Water purification and clear well are water technology and water treatment.
See Water purification and Clear well
Coagulation (water treatment)
In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Water purification and coagulation (water treatment) are water technology and water treatment.
See Water purification and Coagulation (water treatment)
Common-ion effect
In chemistry, the common-ion effect refers to the decrease in solubility of an ionic precipitate by the addition to the solution of a soluble compound with an ion in common with the precipitate.
See Water purification and Common-ion effect
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis, sometimes informally called crypto, is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, a genus of protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
See Water purification and Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium, sometimes called crypto, is an apicomplexan genus of alveolates which are parasites that can cause a respiratory and gastrointestinal illness (cryptosporidiosis) that primarily involves watery diarrhea (intestinal cryptosporidiosis), sometimes with a persistent cough (respiratory cryptosporidiosis).
See Water purification and Cryptosporidium
Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB
Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB is a dissimilatory perchlorate reducing bacterium (DRPB) that was isolated from paper mill waste.
See Water purification and Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB
Degassing
Degassing, also known as degasification, is the removal of dissolved gases from liquids, especially water or aqueous solutions.
See Water purification and Degassing
Desalination
Desalination is a process that removes mineral components from saline water. Water purification and Desalination are water treatment.
See Water purification and Desalination
Diarrhea
Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day.
See Water purification and Diarrhea
Disinfectant
A disinfectant is a chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces.
See Water purification and Disinfectant
Disinfection by-product
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are organic and inorganic compounds resulting from chemical reactions between organic and inorganic substances such as contaminates and chemical treatment disinfection agents, respectively, in water during water disinfection processes. Water purification and disinfection by-product are water pollution and water treatment.
See Water purification and Disinfection by-product
Dissolved air flotation
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. Water purification and Dissolved air flotation are water treatment.
See Water purification and Dissolved air flotation
Distillation
Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.
See Water purification and Distillation
Dot distribution map
A dot distribution map (or a dot density map or simply a dot map) is a type of thematic map that uses a point symbol to visualize the geographic distribution of a large number of related phenomena.
See Water purification and Dot distribution map
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.
See Water purification and Drainage basin
Drinking water
Drinking water or potable water is water that is safe for ingestion, either when drunk directly in liquid form or consumed indirectly through food preparation.
See Water purification and Drinking water
Drinking Water Inspectorate
The Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) is a section of Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) set up to regulate the public water supply companies in England and Wales.
See Water purification and Drinking Water Inspectorate
Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or air).
See Water purification and Electrode
Electrodeionization
Electrodeionization (EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. Water purification and Electrodeionization are industrial water treatment and water treatment.
See Water purification and Electrodeionization
Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that are electrically conductive through the movement of those ions, but not conducting electrons.
See Water purification and Electrolyte
Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant
The term environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPP) was first suggested in the nomination in 2010 of pharmaceuticals and environment as an emerging issue in a Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) by the International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE).
See Water purification and Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Water purification and Escherichia coli
Filtration
Filtration is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass. Water purification and Filtration are industrial water treatment.
See Water purification and Filtration
Flocculation
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. Water purification and flocculation are water treatment.
See Water purification and Flocculation
Fluid balance
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
See Water purification and Fluid balance
Fluoride
Fluoride.
See Water purification and Fluoride
Fluoride toxicity
Fluoride toxicity is a condition in which there are elevated levels of the fluoride ion in the body.
See Water purification and Fluoride toxicity
Fog collection
''Atrapanieblas'' or fog collection in Alto Patache, Atacama Desert, Chile Fog collection is the harvesting of water from fog using large pieces of vertical mesh netting to induce the fog-droplets to flow down towards a trough below.
See Water purification and Fog collection
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.
See Water purification and Food and Drug Administration
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, 1st Lord Verulam, PC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I.
See Water purification and Francis Bacon
Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
See Water purification and Gastrointestinal tract
George W. Fuller
George Warren Fuller (December 21, 1868 – June 15, 1934) was an American sanitary engineer who was also trained in bacteriology and chemistry.
See Water purification and George W. Fuller
Germ theory of disease
The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases.
See Water purification and Germ theory of disease
Giardia
Giardia is a genus of anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites of the phylum Metamonada that colonise and reproduce in the small intestines of several vertebrates, causing the disease giardiasis.
See Water purification and Giardia
Giardia duodenalis
Giardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia, is a flagellated parasitic protozoan microorganism of the genus Giardia that colonizes the small intestine, causing a diarrheal condition known as giardiasis.
See Water purification and Giardia duodenalis
Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
See Water purification and Groundwater
Groundwater recharge
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater.
See Water purification and Groundwater recharge
Groundwater remediation is the process that is used to treat polluted groundwater by removing the pollutants or converting them into harmless products. Water purification and groundwater remediation are water pollution.
See Water purification and Groundwater remediation
Haloacetic acids
Haloacetic acids or HAAs are carboxylic acids in which one or more halogen atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms in the methyl group of acetic acid.
See Water purification and Haloacetic acids
Hamburg
Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.
See Water purification and Hamburg
Hard water
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water").
See Water purification and Hard water
pp.
See Water purification and Heavy metals
Hexafluorosilicic acid
Hexafluorosilicic acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
See Water purification and Hexafluorosilicic acid
History of water supply and sanitation
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization.
See Water purification and History of water supply and sanitation
Humic substance
Humic substances (HS) are coloured recalcitrant organic compounds naturally formed during long-term decomposition and transformation of biomass residues.
See Water purification and Humic substance
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl).
See Water purification and Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
See Water purification and Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).
See Water purification and Hydrophobe
Igneous rock
Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
See Water purification and Igneous rock
Illinois
Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
See Water purification and Illinois
Illinois River
The Illinois River (Inoka Siipiiwi) is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River at approximately in length.
See Water purification and Illinois River
Improved water source
An improved water source (or improved drinking-water source or improved water supply) is a term used to categorize certain types or levels of water supply for monitoring purposes.
See Water purification and Improved water source
In situ chemical oxidation
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), a form of advanced oxidation process, is an environmental remediation technique used for soil and/or groundwater remediation to lower the concentrations of targeted environmental contaminants to acceptable levels.
See Water purification and In situ chemical oxidation
Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions.
See Water purification and Indian Medical Service
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53.
See Water purification and Iodine
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
See Water purification and Ion
Ion exchange
Ion exchange is a reversible interchange of one species of ion present in an insoluble solid with another of like charge present in a solution surrounding the solid. Water purification and ion exchange are industrial water treatment.
See Water purification and Ion exchange
Ion-exchange resin
An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange.
See Water purification and Ion-exchange resin
Iron(III) chloride
Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula (H2O)x.
See Water purification and Iron(III) chloride
James Simpson (engineer)
James Simpson (1799–1869) was a British civil engineer.
See Water purification and James Simpson (engineer)
Jersey City, New Jersey
Jersey City is the second-most populous, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development.
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John Snow
John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene.
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Lamella clarifier
A lamella clarifier or inclined plate settler (IPS) is a type of clarifier designed to remove particulates from liquids. Water purification and lamella clarifier are water treatment.
See Water purification and Lamella clarifier
Lime (material)
Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides.
See Water purification and Lime (material)
Lime softening
Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation. Water purification and lime softening are water treatment.
See Water purification and Lime softening
Lincoln, England
Lincoln is a cathedral city and district in Lincolnshire, England, of which it is the county town.
See Water purification and Lincoln, England
List of water supply and sanitation by country
This list of water supply and sanitation by country provides information on the status of water supply and sanitation at a national or, in some cases, also regional level.
See Water purification and List of water supply and sanitation by country
Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
See Water purification and Magnesium
Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in Kent, England, of which it is the county town.
See Water purification and Maidstone
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
See Water purification and Manganese
Membrane
A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others. Water purification and membrane are water technology and water treatment.
See Water purification and Membrane
Membrane technology
Membrane technology encompasses the scientific processes used in the construction and application of membranes.
See Water purification and Membrane technology
Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element; it has symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
See Water purification and Mercury (element)
Metropolis Water Act 1852
The Metropolis Water Act 1852This short title was conferred on this act by of this act.
See Water purification and Metropolis Water Act 1852
Metropolitan Commission of Sewers
The Metropolitan Commission of Sewers was one of London's first steps towards bringing its sewer and drainage infrastructure under the control of a single public body.
See Water purification and Metropolitan Commission of Sewers
Miasma theory
The miasma theory (also called the miasmic theory) is an abandoned medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera, chlamydia, or the Black Death—were caused by a miasma (Ancient Greek for 'pollution'), a noxious form of "bad air", also known as night air.
See Water purification and Miasma theory
Microfiltration
Microfiltration is a type of physical filtration process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane filter to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid. Water purification and Microfiltration are water technology.
See Water purification and Microfiltration
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
See Water purification and Microorganism
Microscope
A microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
See Water purification and Microscope
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).
See Water purification and Microscopy
Mole (unit)
The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, a quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance.
See Water purification and Mole (unit)
Monochloramine
Monochloramine, often called chloramine, is the chemical compound with the formula NH2Cl. Water purification and Monochloramine are water treatment.
See Water purification and Monochloramine
Moritz Traube
Moritz Traube (12 February 1826 – 28 June 1894) was a German chemist and universal private scholar.
See Water purification and Moritz Traube
Nanoparticle
A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter.
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Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity).
See Water purification and Neurotoxin
Nice
Nice (Niçard: Niça, classical norm, or Nissa, Mistralian norm,; Nizza; Nissa; Νίκαια; Nicaea) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France.
See Water purification and Nice
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula.
See Water purification and Nitrate
Nitrification
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via the intermediary nitrite.
See Water purification and Nitrification
Nitrite
The nitrite ion has the chemical formula.
See Water purification and Nitrite
Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.
See Water purification and Organic matter
Organisms involved in water purification
Most organisms involved in water purification originate from the waste, wastewater or water stream itself or arrive as resting spore of some form from the atmosphere. Water purification and organisms involved in water purification are water pollution, water technology and water treatment.
See Water purification and Organisms involved in water purification
Oxidizing agent
An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a (called the,, or). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance.
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Ozone
Ozone (or trioxygen) is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.
See Water purification and Ozone
Paisley, Renfrewshire
Paisley (Paisley; Pàislig) is a large town situated in the west central Lowlands of Scotland.
See Water purification and Paisley, Renfrewshire
Parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
See Water purification and Parasitism
Particle (ecology)
In marine and freshwater ecology, a particle is a small object.
See Water purification and Particle (ecology)
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease.
See Water purification and Pathogen
PH
In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").
Phosphate
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.
See Water purification and Phosphate
Plumbosolvency
Plumbosolvency is the ability of a solvent, notably water, to dissolve lead. Water purification and Plumbosolvency are water pollution.
See Water purification and Plumbosolvency
PolyDADMAC
Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (shortened polyDADMAC or polyDDA), also commonly polyquaternium-6, is a homopolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC). Water purification and polyDADMAC are water treatment.
See Water purification and PolyDADMAC
Polymer
A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules linked together into chains of repeating subunits.
See Water purification and Polymer
Portable water purification
Portable water purification devices are self-contained, easily transported units used to purify water from untreated sources (such as rivers, lakes, and wells) for drinking purposes. Water purification and Portable water purification are water treatment.
See Water purification and Portable water purification
Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number19.
See Water purification and Potassium
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
See Water purification and Protozoa
Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".
See Water purification and Public health
Radioactive waste
Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material.
See Water purification and Radioactive waste
Radium
Radium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ra and atomic number 88.
See Water purification and Radium
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off.
See Water purification and Rainwater harvesting
Rapid sand filter
The rapid sand filter or rapid gravity filter is a type of filter used in water purification and is commonly used in municipal drinking water facilities as part of a multiple-stage treatment system. Water purification and rapid sand filter are water technology.
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Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.
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Reclaimed water
Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes. Water purification and Reclaimed water are water treatment.
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Reservoir
A reservoir is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation.
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Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. Water purification and Reverse osmosis are industrial water treatment and water technology.
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River Thames
The River Thames, known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London.
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Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke (18 July 16353 March 1703) was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist and architect.
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Rockaway River
The Rockaway River is a tributary of the Passaic River, approximately 35 mi (56 km) long, in Morris County, New Jersey in the United States.
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Salmonella
Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
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Sand filter
Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment process of water purification.
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Sanitation
Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage.
See Water purification and Sanitation
Scattering
In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass.
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Schmutzdecke
Schmutzdecke (German, "dirt cover" or dirty skin, sometimes wrongly spelled schmutzedecke) is a hypogeal biological layer formed on the surface of a slow sand filter and a form of periphyton. Water purification and Schmutzdecke are water treatment.
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Screen filter
A screen filter is a type of water purification using a rigid or flexible screen to separate sand and other fine particles out of water for irrigation or industrial applications. Water purification and screen filter are water technology and water treatment.
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Seawater
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean.
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Sedimentation (water treatment)
The physical process of sedimentation (the act of depositing sediment) has applications in water treatment, whereby gravity acts to remove suspended solids from water. Water purification and sedimentation (water treatment) are water treatment.
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Semipermeable membrane
Semipermeable membrane is a type of synthetic or biologic, polymeric membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis.
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Serum (blood)
Serum is the fluid and solvent component of blood which does not play a role in clotting.
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Settling basin
A settling basin, settling pond or decant pond is an earthen or concrete structure using sedimentation to remove settleable matter and turbidity from wastewater. Water purification and settling basin are water treatment.
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Sewage
Sewage (or domestic sewage, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people. Water purification and sewage are water pollution.
See Water purification and Sewage
Shigella
Shigella is a genus of bacteria that is Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non–spore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped, and is genetically nested within Escherichia.
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Silt
Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz.
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Silver nanoparticle
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
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Slow sand filter
Slow sand filters are used in water purification for treating raw water to produce a potable product.
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Sludge
Sludge is a semi-solid slurry that can be produced from a range of industrial processes, from water treatment, wastewater treatment or on-site sanitation systems.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula and its various hydrates.
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Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula.
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Soho
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster in the West End of London.
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Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.
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Solder
Solder (NA) is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces.
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Spencer, Massachusetts
Spencer is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Spring (hydrology)
A spring is a natural exit point at which groundwater emerges from the aquifer and flows onto the top of the Earth's crust (pedosphere) to become surface water.
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Sterilization (microbiology)
Sterilization (sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in or on a specific surface, object, or fluid.
See Water purification and Sterilization (microbiology)
Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes.
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Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.
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Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula.
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Surface water
Surface water is water located on top of land, forming terrestrial (surrounding by land on all sides) waterbodies, and may also be referred to as blue water, opposed to the seawater and waterbodies like the ocean.
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Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.
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Swimming pool sanitation
Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming pools. Water purification and swimming pool sanitation are water technology and water treatment.
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Synthetic membrane
An artificial membrane, or synthetic membrane, is a synthetically created membrane which is usually intended for separation purposes in laboratory or in industry.
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Teddington Lock
Teddington Lock is a complex of three locks and a weir on the River Thames between Ham and Teddington in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England.
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Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries,The word 'caries' is a mass noun, and is not a plural of 'carie'. is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria.
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Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth.
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Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms.
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Trihalomethane
In chemistry, trihalomethanes (THMs) are chemical compounds in which three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane are replaced by halogen atoms.
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Turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. Water purification and Turbidity are water pollution.
See Water purification and Turbidity
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi.
See Water purification and Typhoid fever
Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Water purification and Ultrafiltration are water treatment.
See Water purification and Ultrafiltration
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
See Water purification and Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection technique employing ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly UV-C (180–280 nm), to kill or inactivate microorganisms.
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UNICEF
UNICEF, originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, officially United Nations Children's Fund since 1953, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters.
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Vapor
In physics, a vapor (American English) or vapour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a substance in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical temperature,R.
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Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
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Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
See Water purification and Water
Water chlorination
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. Water purification and water chlorination are water treatment.
See Water purification and Water chlorination
Water conservation
Water conservation aims to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, protect the hydrosphere, and meet current and future human demand.
See Water purification and Water conservation
Water filter
A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process.
See Water purification and Water filter
Water fluoridation
Water fluoridation is the addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Water purification and water fluoridation are water treatment.
See Water purification and Water fluoridation
Water pollution
Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses.
See Water purification and Water pollution
Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. Water purification and water quality are water pollution.
See Water purification and Water quality
Water softening
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. Water purification and water softening are industrial water treatment and water technology.
See Water purification and Water softening
Water supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.
See Water purification and Water supply
Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. Water purification and water treatment are water pollution and water technology.
See Water purification and Water treatment
Waterborne disease
Waterborne diseases are conditions (meaning adverse effects on human health, such as death, disability, illness or disorders) caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted by water.
See Water purification and Waterborne disease
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Water purification and World Health Organization
Zeolite
Zeolite is a family of several microporous, crystalline aluminosilicate materials commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts.
See Water purification and Zeolite
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or one milliard, one yard, long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.
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1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
The Broad Street cholera outbreak (or Golden Square outbreak) was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred in 1854 near Broad Street (now Broadwick Street) in Soho, London, England, and occurred during the 1846–1860 cholera pandemic happening worldwide.
See Water purification and 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
See also
Industrial water treatment
- API oil–water separator
- Antiscalant
- Boiler
- Clarifier
- Condensate polisher
- Deaerator
- Electrodeionization
- Evaporator
- Filtration
- Industrial water treatment
- Ion exchange
- Membrane reactor
- Reverse osmosis
- Water purification
- Water softening
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification
Also known as Chlorine dioxide disinfection, ClO2 disinfection, ClO₂ disinfection, Demineralised water, Demineralized water, Disinfect water, Filtration plant, Filtration station, Non industrial water filtration, Non-industrial water filtration, Primary water purification, Purification of Water, Purifying water, Residential water treatment, Water Purification Plant, Water disinfection, Water filtration plant, Water purifacatan, Water purifacation, Water purifier.
, Clay, Clear well, Coagulation (water treatment), Common-ion effect, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium, Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB, Degassing, Desalination, Diarrhea, Disinfectant, Disinfection by-product, Dissolved air flotation, Distillation, Dot distribution map, Drainage basin, Drinking water, Drinking Water Inspectorate, Electrode, Electrodeionization, Electrolyte, Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant, Escherichia coli, Filtration, Flocculation, Fluid balance, Fluoride, Fluoride toxicity, Fog collection, Food and Drug Administration, Francis Bacon, Gastrointestinal tract, George W. Fuller, Germ theory of disease, Giardia, Giardia duodenalis, Groundwater, Groundwater recharge, Groundwater remediation, Haloacetic acids, Hamburg, Hard water, Heavy metals, Hexafluorosilicic acid, History of water supply and sanitation, Humic substance, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrophobe, Igneous rock, Illinois, Illinois River, Improved water source, In situ chemical oxidation, Indian Medical Service, Iodine, Ion, Ion exchange, Ion-exchange resin, Iron(III) chloride, James Simpson (engineer), Jersey City, New Jersey, John Snow, Lamella clarifier, Lime (material), Lime softening, Lincoln, England, List of water supply and sanitation by country, Magnesium, Maidstone, Manganese, Membrane, Membrane technology, Mercury (element), Metropolis Water Act 1852, Metropolitan Commission of Sewers, Miasma theory, Microfiltration, Microorganism, Microscope, Microscopy, Mole (unit), Monochloramine, Moritz Traube, Nanoparticle, Neurotoxin, Nice, Nitrate, Nitrification, Nitrite, Organic matter, Organisms involved in water purification, Oxidizing agent, Ozone, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Parasitism, Particle (ecology), Pathogen, PH, Phosphate, Plumbosolvency, PolyDADMAC, Polymer, Portable water purification, Potassium, Protozoa, Public health, Radioactive waste, Radium, Rainwater harvesting, Rapid sand filter, Reactive oxygen species, Reclaimed water, Reservoir, Reverse osmosis, River Thames, Robert Hooke, Rockaway River, Salmonella, Sand filter, Sanitation, Scattering, Schmutzdecke, Screen filter, Seawater, Sedimentation (water treatment), Semipermeable membrane, Serum (blood), Settling basin, Sewage, Shigella, Silt, Silver nanoparticle, Slow sand filter, Sludge, Sodium, Sodium carbonate, Sodium hydroxide, Soho, Soil, Solder, Spencer, Massachusetts, Spring (hydrology), Sterilization (microbiology), Stratum, Sulfate, Sulfuric acid, Surface water, Suspension (chemistry), Swimming pool sanitation, Synthetic membrane, Teddington Lock, Tooth decay, Toothpaste, Toxin, Trihalomethane, Turbidity, Typhoid fever, Ultrafiltration, Ultraviolet, Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, UNICEF, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Vapor, Virus, Water, Water chlorination, Water conservation, Water filter, Water fluoridation, Water pollution, Water quality, Water softening, Water supply, Water treatment, Waterborne disease, World Health Organization, Zeolite, 1,000,000,000, 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak.