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Western Block of the North China Craton, the Glossary

The Western Block of the North China Craton is an ancient micro-continental block mainly composed of Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic rock basement, with some parts overlain by Cambrian to Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks.^[1]

88 relations: Accretionary wedge, Adakite, Amphibolite, Andesite, Archean subduction, Argillite, Banded iron formation, Basalt, Cambrian, Carbonate rock, Carboniferous, Cenozoic, Charnockite, Columbia (supercontinent), Conglomerate (geology), Continent, Continental arc, Continental crust, Continental margin, Cretaceous, Dacite, Datong, Diorite, Eastern Block of the North China Craton, Fault (geology), Feldspar, Felsic, Geology of China, Gneiss, Granite, Granitoid, Granulite, Greenstone belt, Guyang County, Helan Mountains, Hornblende, Igneous rock, Inner Mongolia, Intrusive rock, Jining, Jurassic, Khondalite, Mafic, Magmatism, Marble, Metamorphic rock, Metamorphism, Mica, Mineral, Mudstone, ... Expand index (38 more) »
Geology of China
Historical continents
Historical tectonic plates
Northeast China

Accretionary wedge

An accretionary wedge or accretionary prism forms from sediments accreted onto the non-subducting tectonic plate at a convergent plate boundary.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Accretionary wedge

Adakite

Adakites are volcanic rocks of intermediate to felsic composition that have geochemical characteristics of magma originally thought to have formed by partial melting of altered basalt that is subducted below volcanic arcs.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Adakite

Amphibolite

Amphibolite is a metamorphic rock that contains amphibole, especially hornblende and actinolite, as well as plagioclase feldspar, but with little or no quartz.

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Andesite

Andesite is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Andesite

Archean subduction

Archean subduction is a contentious topic involving the possible existence and nature of subduction in the Archean, a geologic eon extending from 4.0-2.5 billion years ago.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Archean subduction

Argillite

Argillite is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed predominantly of indurated clay particles.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Argillite

Banded iron formation

Banded iron formations (BIFs; also called banded ironstone formations) are distinctive units of sedimentary rock consisting of alternating layers of iron oxides and iron-poor chert.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Banded iron formation

Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

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Cambrian

The Cambrian is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Phanerozoic Eon.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Cambrian

Carbonate rock

Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals.

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Carboniferous

The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma.

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Cenozoic

The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.

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Charnockite

Charnockite is any orthopyroxene-bearing quartz-feldspar rock formed at high temperature and pressure, commonly found in granulite facies’ metamorphic regions, sensu stricto as an endmember of the charnockite series.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Charnockite

Columbia (supercontinent)

Columbia, also known as Nuna or Hudsonland, is a hypothetical ancient supercontinent.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Columbia (supercontinent)

Conglomerate (geology)

Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Conglomerate (geology)

Continent

A continent is any of several large geographical regions.

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Continental arc

A continental arc is a type of volcanic arc occurring as an "arc-shape" topographic high region along a continental margin.

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Continental crust

Continental crust is the layer of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks that forms the geological continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.

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Continental margin

A continental margin is the outer edge of continental crust abutting oceanic crust under coastal waters.

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Cretaceous

Dacite

Dacite is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Dacite

Datong

Datong is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Datong

Diorite

Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling underground of magma (molten rock) that has a moderate content of silica and a relatively low content of alkali metals.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Diorite

Eastern Block of the North China Craton

The Eastern Block of the North China Craton is one of the Earth's oldest pieces of continent. Western Block of the North China Craton and Eastern Block of the North China Craton are geology of China and Northeast China.

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Fault (geology)

In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Fault (geology)

Feldspar

Feldspar (sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Feldspar

Felsic

In geology, felsic is a modifier describing igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz.

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Geology of China

The geology of China (or the geological structure of the People's Republic of China) consists of three Precambrian cratons surrounded by a number of orogenic belts.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Geology of China

Gneiss

Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Gneiss

Granite

Granite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Granite

Granitoid

A granitoid is a generic term for a diverse category of coarse-grained igneous rocks that consist predominantly of quartz, plagioclase, and alkali feldspar.

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Granulite

Granulites are a class of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the granulite facies that have experienced high-temperature and moderate-pressure metamorphism.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Granulite

Greenstone belt

Greenstone belts are zones of variably metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic sequences with associated sedimentary rocks that occur within Archaean and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Greenstone belt

Guyang County

Guyang County (Mongolian) is a county in western Inner Mongolia, China.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Guyang County

Helan Mountains

The Helan Mountains, frequently called Alashan Mountains in older sources, are an isolated desert mountain range forming the border of Inner Mongolia's Alxa League and Ningxia.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Helan Mountains

Hornblende

Hornblende is a complex inosilicate series of minerals.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Hornblende

Igneous rock

Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Igneous rock

Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Inner Mongolia

Intrusive rock

Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Intrusive rock

Jining

Jining is a former capital of Shandong.

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Jurassic

The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Jurassic

Khondalite

Khondalite is a foliated metamorphic rock.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Khondalite

Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.

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Magmatism

Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Magmatism

Marble

Marble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)) that have crystallized under the influence of heat and pressure.

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Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock in a process called metamorphism.

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Metamorphism is the transformation of existing rock (the protolith) to rock with a different mineral composition or texture.

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Mica

Micas are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into extremely thin elastic plates.

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Mineral

In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Mineral

Mudstone

Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Mudstone

Neoarchean

The Neoarchean (also spelled Neoarchaean) is the last geologic era in the Archean Eon that spans from 2800 to 2500 million years ago—the period being defined chronometrically and not referencing a specific level in a rock section on Earth.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Neoarchean

North China Craton

The North China Craton is a continental crustal block with one of Earth's most complete and complex records of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes. Western Block of the North China Craton and North China Craton are cratons, geology of China, Historical continents, Historical tectonic plates and Northeast China.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and North China Craton

Oceanic crust

Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Oceanic crust

Ordos Block

The Ordos Block is a crustal block, that forms part of the larger North China Block (NCB). Western Block of the North China Craton and Ordos Block are geology of China.

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Ordos City

Ordos, also known as Ih Ju, is one of the twelve major subdivisions of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Ordovician

The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.

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Pacific Plate

The Pacific Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean.

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Paleoproterozoic

The Paleoproterozoic Era (also spelled Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning from (2.5–1.6 Ga).

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Paleoproterozoic

Passive margin

A passive margin is the transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Passive margin

Pelite

A pelite or metapelite is a metamorphosed fine-grained sedimentary rock, i.e. mudstone or siltstone.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Pelite

Permian

The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Permian

Plagioclase

Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Plagioclase

Plateau

In geology and physical geography, a plateau (plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.

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Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pC, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.

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Pressure-temperature-time path

The Pressure-Temperature-time path (P-T-t path) is a record of the pressure and temperature (P-T) conditions that a rock experienced in a metamorphic cycle from burial and heating to uplift and exhumation to the surface.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Pressure-temperature-time path

Protolith

A protolith is the original, unmetamorphosed rock from which a given metamorphic rock is formed.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Protolith

Quartz

Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Quartz

Quartzite

Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Quartzite

Red beds

Red beds (or redbeds) are sedimentary rocks, typically consisting of sandstone, siltstone, and shale, that are predominantly red in color due to the presence of ferric oxides.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Red beds

Rhyolite

Rhyolite is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Rhyolite

Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Sandstone

Sanukitoid

Sanukitoids are a variety of high-Mg granitoid found in convergent margin settings.

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Schist

Schist is a medium-grained metamorphic rock showing pronounced schistosity.

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Sediment

Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Sedimentary rock

Siltstone

Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Siltstone

Stratum

In geology and related fields, a stratum (strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes.

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Subduction

Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries.

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Suture (geology)

In structural geology, a suture is a joining along a major fault zone, of separate terranes, tectonic units that have different plate tectonic, metamorphic and paleogeographic histories.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Suture (geology)

Tectonics

Tectonics are the processes that result in the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time.

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Tomography

Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave.

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Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite

Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) rocks are intrusive rocks with typical granitic composition (quartz and feldspar) but containing only a small portion of potassium feldspar.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite

Triassic

The Triassic (sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya.

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Triassic

Ultramafic rock

Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

See Western Block of the North China Craton and Ultramafic rock

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Block_of_the_North_China_Craton

Also known as Western Block of North China Craton.

, Neoarchean, North China Craton, Oceanic crust, Ordos Block, Ordos City, Ordovician, Pacific Plate, Paleoproterozoic, Passive margin, Pelite, Permian, Plagioclase, Plateau, Precambrian, Pressure-temperature-time path, Protolith, Quartz, Quartzite, Red beds, Rhyolite, Sandstone, Sanukitoid, Schist, Sediment, Sedimentary rock, Siltstone, Stratum, Subduction, Suture (geology), Tectonics, Tomography, Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite, Triassic, Ultramafic rock, Volcanic arc, Volcanic rock, Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia, Zircon.

Western Block of the North China Craton, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Geology of China

Historical continents

Historical tectonic plates

Northeast China

References