White Latin Americans, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 344 relations: Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Africanization, Afro–Latin Americans, AIESEC, Alejandro O'Reilly, Alsace, Amazonas (Peruvian department), American Journal of Human Biology, American Sociological Association, Americas, Andalusia, Andalusians, Andes, Angola, Antioquia Department, Arabs, Argentina, Argentine Northwest, Armenia, Armenians, Ashkenazi Jews, Asian Latin Americans, Asturias, Austria-Hungary, Autosome, Bahia, Balkans, Basque Country (autonomous community), Basques, Bay Islands Department, Belarusians, Belgians, Birth defect, Birthmark, Black Hispanic and Latino Americans, Blanqueamiento, Blond, Boers, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brasiguayos, Brazilian Gold Rush, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, British people, Buenos Aires, Bulgarians, Burgos, Caazapá Department, Calabria, California, ... Expand index (294 more) »

2. Ethnic groups in Central America
3. Ethnic groups in Latin America
4. Ethnic groups in North America
5. Ethnic groups in South America
6. Ethnic groups in the Caribbean

Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation

The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación), also known as Colciencias, was a Colombian government agency that supported fundamental and applied research in Colombia.

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Africanization

Africanization or Africanisation (lit., making something African) has been applied in various contexts, notably in geographic and personal naming and in the composition of the civil service via processes such as indigenization.

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Afro–Latin Americans

Afro–Latin Americans or Black Latin Americans (sometimes Afro-Latinos) are Latin Americans of full or mainly sub-Saharan African ancestry. White Latin Americans and Afro–Latin Americans are ethnic groups in Central America, ethnic groups in Latin America, ethnic groups in North America, ethnic groups in South America and ethnic groups in the Caribbean.

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AIESEC

AIESEC is an international "youth-run" and led, non-governmental and not-for-profit organization that provides young people with business development internships.

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Alejandro O'Reilly

Alejandro O'Reilly, 1st Count of O'Reilly, KOA (October 24, 1723 in Baltrasna, County Meath, Ireland – March 23, 1794 in Bonete, Spain), English: Alexander, Count of O'Reilly, Irish: Alastar Ó Raghallaigh, was an Irish-born military reformer and Inspector-General of Infantry for the Spanish Empire in the second half of the 18th century.

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Alsace

Alsace (Low Alemannic German/Alsatian: Elsàss ˈɛlsɑs; German: Elsass (German spelling before 1996: Elsaß.) ˈɛlzas ⓘ; Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.

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Amazonas (Peruvian department)

Amazonas is a department and region in northern Peru bordered by Ecuador on the north and west, Cajamarca on the west, La Libertad on the south, and Loreto and San Martín on the east.

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American Journal of Human Biology

The American Journal of Human Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering human biology.

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American Sociological Association

The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology.

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Americas

The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.

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Andalusia

Andalusia (Andalucía) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain.

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Andalusians

The Andalusians (andaluces) are the people of Andalusia, an autonomous community in southern Spain.

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Andes

The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America.

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Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-central coast of Southern Africa.

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Antioquia Department

Antioquia is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the central northwestern part of Colombia with a narrow section that borders the Caribbean Sea.

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Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Argentine Northwest

The Argentine Northwest (Noroeste Argentino) is a geographic and historical region of Argentina composed of the provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán.

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Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.

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Asian Latin Americans

Asian Latin Americans (sometimes Asian-Latinos) are Latin Americans of Asian descent. White Latin Americans and Asian Latin Americans are ethnic groups in Central America, ethnic groups in Latin America, ethnic groups in North America, ethnic groups in South America and ethnic groups in the Caribbean.

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Asturias

Asturias (Asturies) officially the Principality of Asturias, (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies; Galician–Asturian: Principao d'Asturias) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

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Autosome

An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

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Bahia

Bahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country.

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Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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The Basque Country (Euskadi; País Vasco), also called the Basque Autonomous Community, is an autonomous community in northern Spain.

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Basques

The Basques (or; euskaldunak; vascos; basques) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. White Latin Americans and basques are ethnic groups in South America.

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Bay Islands Department

The Bay Islands (Islas de la Bahía) is a group of islands off the coast of Honduras.

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Belarusians

Belarusians (biełarusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus.

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Belgians

Belgians (Belgen; Belges; Belgier) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe.

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Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause.

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Birthmark

A birthmark is a congenital, benign irregularity on the skin which is present at birth or appears shortly after birth—usually in the first month.

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Black Hispanic and Latino Americans

Black Hispanic and Latino Americans, also called Afro-Hispanics, Afro-Latinos, Black Hispanics, or Black Latinos, are classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget, and other U.S. government agencies as Black people living in the United States with ancestry in Latin America, Spain or Portugal and/or who speak Spanish, and/or Portuguese as either their first language or second language.

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Blanqueamiento

Blanqueamiento in Spanish, or branqueamento in Portuguese (both meaning whitening), is a social, political, and economic practice used in many post-colonial countries in the Americas and Oceania to "improve the race" (mejorar la raza) towards a supposed ideal of whiteness.

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Blond

Blond or blonde, also referred to as fair hair, is a human hair color characterized by low levels of eumelanin, the dark pigment.

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Boers

Boers (Boere are the descendants of the proto Afrikaans-speaking Free Burghers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled Dutch Cape Colony, but the United Kingdom incorporated it into the British Empire in 1806.

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Bolivia

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Brasiguayos

The term Brasiguaio (Portuguese) or brasiguayo (Spanish) is associated to individuals holding ties with Brazil and Paraguay.

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Brazilian Gold Rush

The Brazilian Gold Rush was a gold rush that started in the 1690s, in the then Portuguese colony of Brazil in the Portuguese Empire.

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Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil.

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British people

British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens of the United Kingdom, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina.

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Bulgarians

Bulgarians (bŭlgari) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and its neighbouring region, who share a common Bulgarian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Burgos

Burgos is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Caazapá Department

Caazapá is a department in Paraguay.

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Calabria

Calabria is a region in southern Italy.

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California

California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.

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Callao

Callao is a Peruvian seaside city and region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area.

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Campania

Campania is an administrative region of Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the island of Capri.

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Canary Islanders

Canary Islanders, or Canarians (canarios), are the people of the Canary Islands, an autonomous community of Spain near the coast of northwest Africa.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Canarias), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Cantabria

Cantabria (also) is an autonomous community and province in northern Spain with Santander as its capital city.

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Carcamano

Carcamano is an ethnic slur used in Southern Brazil for the descendants of the non-Iberian European immigrants who arrived in Brazil in the late 19th century and in the early 20th century. White Latin Americans and Carcamano are ethnic groups in Latin America.

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Carlos Menem

Carlos Saúl Menem (2 July 1930 – 14 February 2021) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as the president of Argentina from 1989 to 1999.

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Casta

Casta is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.

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Castilians

Castilians (castellanos) are the inhabitants of the historical region of Castile.

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Castizo

CastizoPronunciation in Latin American Spanish: (fem. Castiza) was a racial category used in 18th-century Colonial Mexico to refer to people who were three-quarters Spanish by descent and one-quarter Amerindian.

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Catalans

Catalans (Catalan, French and Occitan: catalans; catalanes, Italian: catalani, cadelanos) are a Romance ethnic group native to Catalonia, who speak Catalan.

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Catalonia

Catalonia (Catalunya; Cataluña; Catalonha) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Córdoba, Argentina

Córdoba is a city in central Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Central-West Region, Brazil

The Central-West or Center-West Region of Brazil (Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil) is composed of the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; along with Distrito Federal (Federal District), where Brazil's national capital, Brasília, is situated.

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Chiloé Archipelago

The Chiloé Archipelago (Archipiélago de Chiloé) is a group of islands lying off the coast of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Coffin ship

A coffin ship is a popular idiom used to describe the ships that carried Irish migrants escaping the Great Irish Famine and Highlanders displaced by the Highland Clearances.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.

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Criollo people

In Hispanic America, criollo is a term used originally to describe people of full Spanish descent born in the viceroyalties. White Latin Americans and criollo people are ethnic groups in Latin America and ethnic groups in South America.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

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Croatian diaspora

The Croatian diaspora (Hrvatsko iseljeništvo or Hrvatsko rasuće) consists of communities of ethnic Croats and/or Croatian citizens living outside Croatia.

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Croatian Heritage Foundation

The Croatian Heritage Foundation (Hrvatska matica iseljenika) is an organization which works with Croatian emigrants.

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Croats

The Croats (Hrvati) or Horvati (in a more archaic version) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Cuban Revolution

The Cuban Revolution (Revolución cubana) was the military and political effort to overthrow Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship which reigned as the government of Cuba between 1952 and 1959.

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Cuenca, Ecuador

Cuenca, officially Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca, is an Ecuadorian city, head of the canton of the same name and capital of the province of Azuay, as well as its largest and most populated city.

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Cuyo (Argentina)

Cuyo is the wine-producing, mountainous region of central-west Argentina.

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Danes

Danes (danskere) are an ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark.

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Demographics of Argentina

This is a demography of Argentina including population density, ethnicity, economic status and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Bolivia

The demographic characteristics of the population of Bolivia are known from censuses, with the first census undertaken in 1826 and the most recent in 2012.

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Demographics of Brazil

Brazil had an official resident population of 203 million in 2022, according to IBGE.

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Demographics of Chile

Chile's 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003 people.

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Demographics of Colombia

The demographics of Colombia consist of statistics regarding Colombians' health, economic status, religious affiliations, ethnicity, population density, and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Costa Rica

This is a demographic article about Costa Rica's population, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Cuba

The demographic characteristics of Cuba are known through census which have been conducted and analyzed by different bureaus since 1774.

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Demographics of Ecuador

Demographic features of the population of Ecuador include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of El Salvador

This is a demography of the population of El Salvador including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Guatemala

This is a demography of the population of Guatemala including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Haiti

Haiti is the eighty-fifth most populous country in the world, with an estimated population of 11,123,178 as of July 2018.

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Demographics of Honduras

This article is about the ethnic groups and population of Honduras.

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Demographics of Mexico

With a population of about 129 million in 2022, Mexico is the 10th most populated country in the world.

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Demographics of Nicaragua

According to, Nicaragua has a population of.

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Demographics of Panama

This is a demography of the population of Panama including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Paraguay

Demographic features of the population of Paraguay include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Peru

This is a demography of the population of Peru including population density, ethnicity, education level, the health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

See White Latin Americans and Demographics of Peru

Demographics of Puerto Rico

The population of Puerto Rico has been shaped by native American settlement, European colonization especially under the Spanish Empire, slavery and economic migration.

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Demographics of the Dominican Republic

This is a demography of the population of the Dominican Republic including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

See White Latin Americans and Demographics of the Dominican Republic

Demographics of Uruguay

This is a demography of the population of Uruguay including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Venezuela

Venezuela is a country in South America.

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Department of Ancash

Ancash (Anqash; Áncash) is a department and region in western Peru.

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Department of Apurímac

Apurímac is a department and region in southern-central Peru.

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Department of Arequipa

Arequipa (Ariqipa) is a department and region in southwestern Peru.

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Department of Ayacucho

Ayacucho, known as Huamanga from its creation in 1822 until 1825, is a department and region of Peru, located in the south-central Andes of the country.

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Department of Cajamarca

Cajamarca (Kashamarka; Qajamarka) is a department and region in Peru.

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Department of Cuzco

Cusco, also spelled Cuzco (Qusqu suyu), is a department and region in Peru and is the fourth largest department in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto.

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Department of Huancavelica

Huancavelica is a department and region in Peru with an area of and a population of 347,639 (2017 census).

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Department of Huánuco

Huánuco is a department and region in central Peru.

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Department of Ica

Ica (Ika) is a department and region of Peru.

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Department of Junín

Junín is a department and region in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon.

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Department of La Libertad

La Libertad (in English: The Liberty) is a department and region in northwestern Peru.

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Department of Lambayeque

Lambayeque is a department and region in northwestern Peru known for its rich Moche and Chimú historical past.

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Department of Lima

The Department of Lima, known as the Department of the Capital (Departamento de la Capital) until 1823, is a department and region located in the central coast of Peru; the seat of the regional government is Huacho.

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Department of Loreto

Loreto is Peru's northernmost department and region.

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Department of Madre de Dios

Madre de Dios (Mother of God) is a department and region in southeastern Peru, bordering Brazil, Bolivia and the Peruvian departments of Puno, Cusco and Ucayali, in the Amazon Basin.

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Department of Moquegua

Moquegua is a department and region in southern Peru that extends from the coast to the highlands.

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Department of Pasco

Pasco is a department and region in central Peru.

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Department of Piura

Piura is a coastal department and region in northwestern Peru.

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Department of Puno

Puno is a department and region in southeastern Peru.

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Department of San Martín

San Martín is a department and region in northern Peru.

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Department of Tacna

Tacna (Aymara & Quechua: Taqna) is the southernmost department and region in Peru.

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Department of Tumbes

Tumbes is a coastal department and region in northwestern Peru bordering Ecuador.

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Department of Ucayali

Ucayali is an inland department and region of Peru.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a North American country on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north.

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Druze

The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.

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Dutch language

Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.

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Dutch people

The Dutch (Dutch) are an ethnic group native to the Netherlands.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.

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English people

The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.

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Espírito Santo

Espírito Santo is a state in southeastern Brazil.

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Ethnic groups in Europe

Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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European emigration

European emigration is the successive emigration waves from the European continent to other continents.

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European immigration to Brazil

European immigration to Brazil refers to the movement of European people to Brazil.

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European University Viadrina

European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) (Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder)) is a university located at Frankfurt (Oder) in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Father

A father is the male parent of a child.

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Federal Foreign Office

The Federal Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union.

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Fort Mose

Fort Mose, originally known as Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose (Royal Grace of Saint Teresa of Mose), and later as Fort Mose, or alternatively, Fort Moosa or Fort Mossa, is a former Spanish fort in St. Augustine, Florida.

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Francisco Menéndez (black soldier)

Francisco Menéndez (before 1709 – after 1763) was a notable free Black militiaman who served the Spanish Empire in Florida during the 18th-century.

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French immigration to Cuba

French immigration to Cuba began in Cuba in the eighteenth century and increased significantly in the nineteenth century.

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French language

French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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French people

The French people (lit) are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.

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Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands (Islas Galápagos) are an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Eastern Pacific, located around the Equator west of the mainland of South America.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galicia (officially) or Galiza; Galicia) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Galicians

Galicians (galegos; gallegos) are a Romance-speaking European ethnic group from northwestern Spain; they are closely related to the northern Portuguese people and has its historic homeland in Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Gene pool

The gene pool is the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species.

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Genetic analysis

Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

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Genotype

The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material.

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Georgians

The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms.

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German Chileans

German Chileans (germanochilenos; Deutsch-Chilenen) are Chileans descended from German immigrants, about 30,000 of whom arrived in Chile between 1846 and 1914.

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German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue

From 1850 to 1875, some 30,000 German immigrants settled in the region around Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue in Southern Chile as part of a state-led colonization scheme.

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German diaspora

The German diaspora (Deutschstämmige) consists of German people and their descendants who live outside of Germany.

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German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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German revolutions of 1848–1849

The German revolutions of 1848–1849 (Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries.

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Germanic peoples

The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Goiás

Goiás is a Brazilian state located in the Midwest region.

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Government of Spain

The government of Spain (Gobierno de España) is the central government which leads the executive branch and the General State Administration of the Kingdom of Spain.

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Great Famine (Ireland)

The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger (an Gorta Mór), the Famine and the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of starvation and disease in Ireland lasting from 1845 to 1852 that constituted a historical social crisis and subsequently had a major impact on Irish society and history as a whole.

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Greater Buenos Aires

Greater Buenos Aires (Gran Buenos Aires, GBA), also known as the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, AMBA), refers to the urban agglomeration comprising the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the adjacent 24 partidos (districts) in the Province of Buenos Aires.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Guaraní people

The Guarani are a group of culturally-related indigenous peoples of South America.

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Guayaquil

Guayaquil (Wayakil), officially Santiago de Guayaquil, is the largest city in Ecuador and also the nation's economic capital and main port.

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Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (Guiné-Bissau; script; Mandinka: ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ Gine-Bisawo), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (República da Guiné-Bissau), is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 2,026,778.

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Haiti

Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas.

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Havana

Havana (La Habana) is the capital and largest city of Cuba.

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History of Bolivia

The history of Bolivia involves thousands of years of human habitation.

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History of the Jews in Cuba

Jewish Cubans, Cuban Jews, or Cubans of Jewish heritage, have lived in the nation of Cuba for centuries.

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History of the Jews in Ecuador

The history of the Jews in Ecuador dates back to the 16th and 17th centuries, when Sephardic Jews began arriving from Spain and Portugal as a result of the Spanish Inquisition.

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Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America.

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Howard F. Cline

Howard F. Cline (June 12, 1915 – June 1, 1971) was an American government official and historian, specializing in Latin America.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a Central European nation and an ethnic group native to Hungary and historical Hungarian lands (i.e. belonging to the former Kingdom of Hungary) who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language.

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.

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Indigenous peoples in Argentina

Argentina has 35 indigenous people groups (often referred to as Argentine Amerindians or Native Argentines) officially recognized by the national government.

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Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia

The Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH, National Institute of Anthropology and History) is a Mexican federal government bureau established in 1939 to guarantee the research, preservation, protection, and promotion of the prehistoric, archaeological, anthropological, historical, and paleontological heritage of Mexico.

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Interracial marriage

Interracial marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different races or racialized ethnicities.

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Irish people

Irish people (Muintir na hÉireann or Na hÉireannaigh) are an ethnic group and nation native to the island of Ireland, who share a common ancestry, history and culture.

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Italian Cubans

Italian Cubans (italo-cubani; ítalo-cubanos) are Cuban-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Cuba during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Cuba.

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Italian language

Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.

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Italians

Italians (italiani) are an ethnic group native to the Italian geographical region.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Jewish diaspora

The Jewish diaspora (təfūṣā) or exile (Hebrew: גָּלוּת; Yiddish) is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.

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Jewish Virtual Library

The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL, formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia

José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco (6 January 1766 – 20 September 1840) was a Paraguayan lawyer and politician, and the first dictator (1814–1840) of Paraguay following its 1811 independence from the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

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Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo

Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo (1719 in Mérida, Yucatán (now Mexico) – 1799 in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish colonial politician born in New Spain (now Mexico), and Viceroy of the Río de la Plata.

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Judaism

Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.

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Jujuy Province

Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia.

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Ladino people

The Ladino people are a mix of mestizo or Hispanicized peoples en el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (DRAE) in Latin America, principally in Central America. White Latin Americans and Ladino people are ethnic groups in Central America and ethnic groups in South America.

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Latin America

Latin America often refers to the regions in the Americas in which Romance languages are the main languages and the culture and Empires of its peoples have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural impact.

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Latin Americans

Latin Americans (Latinoamericanos; Latino-americanos) are the citizens of Latin American countries (or people with cultural, ancestral or national origins in Latin America).

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Lebanese people

The Lebanese people (الشعب اللبناني / ALA-LC) are the people inhabiting or originating from Lebanon.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

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Levantine Arabic

Levantine Arabic, also called Shami (autonym: or اللهجة الشامية), is an Arabic variety spoken in the Levant, namely in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel and southern Turkey (historically only in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces).

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Lima Province

Lima Province is located in the central coast of Peru and is the only province in the country not belonging to any of the twenty-five regions, thus being quasi-autonomous.

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Limpieza de sangre

Limpieza de sangre, also known as limpeza de sangue or neteja de sang, literally 'cleanliness of blood' and meaning 'blood purity', was a racially discriminatory term used in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires during the early modern period to refer to those who were considered to be Old Christians by virtue of not having Muslim, Jewish, Romani, or Agote ancestors.

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Lithuanians

Lithuanians (lietuviai) are a Baltic ethnic group.

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Llanquihue, Chile

Llanquihue is a Chilean commune and city in Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos Region.

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Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano

Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano (LAB), internationally known as LAB Bolivian Airlines, was the flag carrier and principal airline of Bolivia from 1925 until it ceased operations in 2010.

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Loja, Ecuador

Loja, formerly Loxa and fully City of the Immaculate Conception of Loja (Ciudad de la Inmaculada Concepción de Loja), is the capital of Ecuador's Loja Province.

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LOM Ediciones

LOM Ediciones («Lom», means in yaghan language: «sun») is a Chilean press based in Santiago.

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Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.

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Los Ángeles, Chile

Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Bío Bío, in the commune of the same name, in Bío Bío, in the center-south of Chile.

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Magallanes Region

The Magallanes Region, officially the Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions.

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Maicao

Maicao (Wayuu: mai-ka-u) is a city and municipality in the Department of La Guajira, northern Republic of Colombia.

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María Antonia Ruth Sautu

María Antonia Ruth Sautu (born 25 February 1932) is an Argentine sociologist and methodologist.

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Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe.

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Mato Grosso do Sul

Mato Grosso do Sul is one of Brazil's 27 federal units, located in the southern part of the Central-West Region, bordering five Brazilian states: Mato Grosso (to the north), Goiás and Minas Gerais (northeast), São Paulo (east) and Paraná (southeast); and two South America countries: Paraguay (south and southwestern) and Bolivia (west).

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Mesopotamia, Argentina

La Mesopotamia or Región Mesopotámica is the humid and verdant area of northeast Argentina, comprising the provinces of Misiones, Entre Ríos, and Corrientes.

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Mestizo

Mestizo (fem. mestiza, literally 'mixed person') is a person of mixed European and Indigenous non-European ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. White Latin Americans and mestizo are ethnic groups in Central America, ethnic groups in North America and ethnic groups in South America.

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Mestizo Colombians

Mestizo Colombians refers to Colombians who are of European (mostly Spanish) and Amerindian ancestry.

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The Mexican Institute of Social Security (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS) is a governmental organization that assists public health, pensions and social security in Mexico operating under the Secretariat of Health.

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Minas Gerais

Minas Gerais is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 census.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Moldovans

Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians (moldoveni), are a Romanian-speaking ethnic group and the largest ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) and a significant minority in Romania, Italy, Ukraine and Russia.

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Mongolian spot

A Mongolian spot, also known as slate grey nevus or congenital dermal melanocytosis, is a benign, flat, congenital birthmark with wavy borders and an irregular shape.

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Monoculturalism

Monoculturalism is the policy or process of supporting, advocating, or allowing the expression of the culture of a single social or ethnic group.

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Montenegro

Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Montevideo

Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay.

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Mother

A mother is the female parent of a child.

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Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Africa to the southwest.

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Mulatto

Mulatto is a racial classification that refers to people of mixed African and European ancestry. White Latin Americans and Mulatto are ethnic groups in Latin America.

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Multiracial people

The terms multiracial people or mixed-race people refer to people who are of more than two ''races'', and the terms multi-ethnic people or ethnically mixed people refer to people who are of more than two ethnicities.

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National Council to Prevent Discrimination

The National Council to Prevent Discrimination (Consejo Nacional para Prevenir La Discriminación; CONAPRED) is a Mexican government agency created in 2003 by Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination and to promote policies and measures to contribute to the cultural and social development and progress in social inclusion and guarantee the right to equality.

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National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.

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National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina

The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which exercises the direction of all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

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National Institute of Statistics and Geography

The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI from its former name in Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática) is an autonomous agency of the Mexican Government dedicated to coordinate the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information of the country.

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National Statistics Institute (Chile)

The National Statistics Institute of Chile (Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Chile, INE) is a state-run organization of the Government of Chile, created in the second half of the 19th century and tasked with performing a general census of population and housing, then collecting, producing and publishing official demographic statistics of people in Chile, in addition to other specific tasks entrusted to it by law.

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Navarre

Navarre, officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France.

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New Christian

New Christian (Novus Christianus; Cristiano Nuevo; Cristão-Novo; Cristià Nou; Kristiano muevo) was a socio-religious designation and legal distinction in the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire.

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New Spain

New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España; Nahuatl: Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.

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North Region, Brazil

The North Region of Brazil (Região Norte do Brasil) is the largest region of Brazil, accounting for 45.27% of the national territory.

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Northeast Region, Brazil

The Northeast Region of Brazil (Região Nordeste do Brasil) is one of the five official and political regions of the country according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.

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Norwegians

Norwegians (Nordmenn) are an ethnic group and nation native to Norway, where they form the vast majority of the population.

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Occitania

Occitania (Occitània,, or, Occitanie) is the historical region in Southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes used as a second language.

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One-drop rule

The one-drop rule was a legal principle of racial classification that was prominent in the 20th-century United States.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Palestinians

Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.

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Pampas

The Pampas (from the pampa, meaning "plain") are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil's southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul.

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Panama Canal

The Panama Canal (Canal de Panamá) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean, cutting across the Isthmus of Panama, and is a conduit for maritime trade.

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Paraguay

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Paraguái Tavakuairetã), is a landlocked country in South America.

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Paraná (state)

Paraná is one of the 26 states of Brazil, in the south of the country.

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Pardo

In the former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas, pardos (feminine pardas) are triracial descendants of Southern Europeans, Indigenous Americans and West Africans. White Latin Americans and pardo are ethnic groups in Latin America.

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Patagonia

Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.

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Pedro I of Brazil

Dom Pedro I (12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834) was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, where he was known as "the Liberator".

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Peninsulares

In the context of the Spanish Empire, a peninsular (pl. peninsulares) was a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea. White Latin Americans and peninsulares are ethnic groups in Latin America.

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Pernambuco

Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country.

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Peru

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.

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Peter Wade

Peter Wade is a British anthropologist who specializes in issues of race and ethnicity in Latin America.

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Phenotype

In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.

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Piedmont

Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piemont), located in northwest Italy, is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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PLOS Genetics

PLOS Genetics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal established in 2005 and published by the Public Library of Science.

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PLOS One

PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.

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Pogrom

A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews.

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Polish people

Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.

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Portuguese language in the Americas

Portuguese is the third most spoken language of the Americas, and the second most spoken language in South America.

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Portuguese people

The Portuguese people (– masculine – or Portuguesas) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation indigenous to Portugal, a country in the west of the Iberian Peninsula in the south-west of Europe, who share a common culture, ancestry and language.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.

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Quito

Quito (Kitu), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area.

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Race (human categorization)

Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.

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Race and ethnicity in Latin America

There is no single system of races or ethnicities that covers all modern Latin America, and usage of labels may vary substantially. White Latin Americans and race and ethnicity in Latin America are ethnic groups in Latin America.

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Racial politics in Brazil

Racial whitening, or "whitening" (branqueamento), is an ideology that was widely accepted in Brazil between 1889 and 1914, as the solution to the "Negro problem".

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Rafael Trujillo

Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (24 October 1891 – 30 May 1961), nicknamed El Jefe, was a Dominican military commander and dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from August 1930 until his assassination in May 1961.

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Regions of Peru

According to the Organic Law of Regional Governments, the regions (regiones) are, with the departments, the first-level administrative subdivisions of Peru.

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Revista Médica de Chile

Revista Médica de Chile is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering aspects of internal medicine.

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Rio de Janeiro (state)

Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.

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Rio Grande do Sul

Rio Grande do Sul ("Great River of the South") is a state in the southern region of Brazil.

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Robert T. Hill

Robert Thomas Hill (August 11, 1858 – July 20, 1941) was a significant figure in the development of American geology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Romani people

The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle. White Latin Americans and Romani people are ethnic groups in South America.

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Romanians

Romanians (români,; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a common culture and ancestry, they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2021 Romanian census found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russians

Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.

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Ruthenia

Ruthenia is an exonym, originally used in Medieval Latin, as one of several terms for Kievan Rus'.

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Salta Province

Salta is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country.

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San Pedro Sula

San Pedro Sula is the capital of Cortés Department, Honduras.

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Santa Catarina (state)

Santa Catarina is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil and the capital of the state of São Paulo.

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São Paulo (state)

São Paulo is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus.

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SCADTA

Sociedad Colombo Alemana de Transportes Aéreos (Deutsch-Kolumbianische Luftverkehrsgesellschaft), or SCADTA, was the world's second airline, and the first airline in Latin America, operating from 1919 until World War II.

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Scottish people

The Scottish people or Scots (Scots fowk; Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland.

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Second Mexican Empire

The Second Mexican Empire (Segundo Imperio mexicano; Second Empire mexicain), officially the Mexican Empire (Imperio Mexicano), was a constitutional monarchy established in Mexico by Mexican monarchists in conjunction with the Second French Empire.

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Sephardic Jews

Sephardic Jews (Djudíos Sefardíes), also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).

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Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Shia Islam

Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Silesians

Silesians (Ślōnzŏki or Ślůnzoki; Silesian German: Schläsinger or Schläsier; Schlesier; Ślązacy; Slezané) is both an ethnic as well as a geographical term for the inhabitants of Silesia, a historical region in Central Europe divided by the current national boundaries of Poland, Germany, and Czechia.

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Slavery in Brazil

Slavery in Brazil began long before the first Portuguese settlement.

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South Region, Brazil

The South Region of Brazil (Região Sul do Brasil) is one of the five regions of Brazil.

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Southeast Region, Brazil

The Southeast Region of Brazil (Região Sudeste do Brasil) is composed of the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

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Spaniards

Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a people native to Spain.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976.

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Spanish immigration to Cuba

Spanish immigration to Cuba began in 1492, when the Spanish first landed on the island, and continues to the present day.

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Spanish language in the Americas

The different varieties of the Spanish language spoken in the Americas are distinct from each other as well as from those varieties spoken in the Iberian peninsula, collectively known as Peninsular Spanish and Spanish spoken elsewhere, such as in Africa and Asia.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

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Swedes

Swedes (svenskar) are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, in particular Finland where they are an officially recognized minority, with Swedish being one of the official languages of the country, and with a substantial diaspora in other countries, especially the United States.

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Swiss people

The Swiss people (die Schweizer, les Suisses, gli Svizzeri, ils Svizzers) are the citizens of the multi-ethnic Swiss Confederation (Switzerland) regardless of ethno-cultural background or people of self-identified Swiss ancestry.

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Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

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Tarapacá Region

The Tarapacá Region (Región de Tarapacá) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions.

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Tegucigalpa

Tegucigalpa—formally Tegucigalpa, Municipality of the Central District (Tegucigalpa, Municipio del Distrito Central or Tegucigalpa, M.D.C.), and colloquially referred to as Tegus or Teguz—is the capital and largest city of Honduras along with its sister city, Comayagüela.

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Telenovela

A telenovela is a type of a television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America.

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Tepotzotlán

Tepotzotlán is a city and a municipality in the Mexican state of Mexico.

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The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.

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United Nations Population Fund

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide.

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United States census

The United States census (plural censuses or census) is a census that is legally mandated by the Constitution of the United States.

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Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana

The Metropolitan Autonomous University (Spanish: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana) also known as UAM, is a Mexican public research university.

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University College London

University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.

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University of Barcelona

The University of Barcelona (official name in Universitat de Barcelona, UB) is a public research university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

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University of Brasília

The University of Brasília (Universidade de Brasília, UnB) is a federal public university in Brasília, the capital of Brazil.

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University of Chile

The University of Chile (Universidad de Chile) is a public research university in Santiago, Chile.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America.

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Valdivia

Valdivia (Mapuche: Ainil) is a city and commune in southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Valdivia.

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Veneto

Veneto or the Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the north-east of the country.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

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Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata

The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (Virreinato del Río de la Plata or Virreinato de las Provincias del Río de la Plata) meaning "River of the Silver", also called the "Viceroyalty of River Plate" in some scholarly writings, in southern South America, was the last to be organized and also the shortest-lived of one of the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.

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Volga Germans

The Volga Germans (Wolgadeutsche,; povolzhskiye nemtsy) are ethnic Germans who settled and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov and close to Ukraine nearer to the south.

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

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Welsh people

The Welsh (Cymry) are an ethnic group native to Wales.

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West Africa

West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R.

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West Asia

West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.

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White Hispanic and Latino Americans

White Hispanic and Latino Americans, also called Euro-Hispanics, Euro-Latinos, White Hispanics, or White Latinos, are Americans of white ancestry and ancestry from Latin America.

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White people

White (often still referred to as Caucasian) is a racial classification of people generally used for those of mostly European ancestry.

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World Bank

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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Y chromosome

The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.

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Yuty

Yuty is a town in the Caazapá Department of Paraguay.

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1899 Puerto Rico census

The 1899 Puerto Rico census (Porto Rico was also used) was a national population census held in Puerto Rico and first under U.S. control by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. War Department.

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1920 Santo Domingo census

The 1920 Santo Domingo Census was conducted from 19 January to 24 December 1920, during the administration of the general Thomas Snowden, American governor of the Santo Domingo following the American occupation of the Dominican Republic.

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1927 Costa Rican census

The Costa Rica 1927 census was elaborated by then Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, predecessor of current National Institute of Statistics and Census.

See White Latin Americans and 1927 Costa Rican census

1950 Dominican Republic census

The Third National Census of Population of the Dominican Republic was raised on 6 August 1950, during the presidency of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, after the Decree No.6091 of 20 October 1949. This census collected information on sex, occupation, age, fertility, race, religion, marital status, nationality, literacy, ability to vote, and housing.

See White Latin Americans and 1950 Dominican Republic census

1960 Dominican Republic census

The Fourth National Census of Population of the Dominican Republic was raised on 7 August 1960, during the presidency of Joaquín Balaguer, after a decree issued by his predecessor Héctor Trujillo. This census collected information respect on sex, occupation, age, fertility, race, religion, marital status, nationality, literacy, ability to vote, and housing.

See White Latin Americans and 1960 Dominican Republic census

2000 United States census

The 2000 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2 percent over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 census.

See White Latin Americans and 2000 United States census

2017 Peruvian census

The 2017 Peru Census was a detailed enumeration and twelfth national population census of Peru.

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2022 Dominican Republic Census

The 2022 Dominican Republic census is the tenth Dominican Republic national census, and was held from the 10 to 23 of November 2022, during the presidency of Luis Abinader.

See White Latin Americans and 2022 Dominican Republic Census

See also

Ethnic groups in Central America

• Afro–Latin Americans
• Asian Latin Americans
• Belizean Americans
• Belizeans
• Ethnic groups in Central America
• Garifuna
• Hondurans
• Ladino people
• Lenca
• List of Afro-Latinos
• Mestizo
• Miskito
• Pipil
• Raizal
• Salvadorans
• White Latin Americans

Ethnic groups in Latin America

• Afro–Latin Americans
• Asian Latin Americans
• Carcamano
• Criollo people
• Ethnic groups in Latin America
• Ethnic groups in South America
• Isleños
• List of Afro-Latinos
• Mulatto
• Pardo
• Peninsulares
• Race and ethnicity in Latin America
• White Latin Americans
• Zambo

Ethnic groups in North America

• Afro–Latin Americans
• Asian Latin Americans
• Ethnic groups in Central America
• Indigenous peoples of North America
• List of Afro-Latinos
• Métis
• Mestizo
• Mixed-blood
• Racism in North America
• White Latin Americans

Ethnic groups in South America

• Afro–Latin Americans
• Asian Latin Americans
• Aymara
• Basques
• Bulgarians in South America
• Criollo people
• Demographics of South America
• Ethnic groups in Argentina
• Ethnic groups in Bolivia
• Ethnic groups in Brazil
• Ethnic groups in Chile
• Ethnic groups in Colombia
• Ethnic groups in Ecuador
• Ethnic groups in Guyana
• Ethnic groups in Paraguay
• Ethnic groups in Peru
• Ethnic groups in Suriname
• Ethnic groups in Uruguay
• Ethnic groups in Venezuela
• Inca
• Indigenous peoples of South America
• Ladino people
• List of Afro-Latinos
• Maroons
• Mestizo
• Romani people
• Uru
• White Latin Americans

Ethnic groups in the Caribbean

• Afro–Latin Americans
• Afro-Caribbean people
• Arawak
• Asian Caribbeans
• Asian Latin Americans
• Belizean Americans
• Belizean Creole people
• Caribbean people
• Chinese Caribbeans
• Cubans
• Engagé
• Free people of color
• Garifuna
• German Caribbeans
• Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean
• Indo-Caribbeans
• Irish Caribbeans
• Japanese Caribbeans
• Kalinago
• List of Afro-Latinos
• Maroons
• Raizal
• Redleg
• Taíno
• White Caribbeans
• White Latin Americans

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Latin_Americans

Also known as Caucasian Latin Americans, Caucasians Latin Americans, Euro-Latin Americans, Euromestizo, Euromestizos, European Central American, European Latin American, European Latin Americans, White Central American, White Latin American, Whiteno.

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