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Why Born Enslaved!, the Glossary

Why Born Enslaved? or Why Born a Slave? (French: Pourquoi! Naitre esclave? or La Negresse) is a life-sized bust by the French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux depicting a bound woman of African descent.^[1]

Abolitionism

Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.

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Bronze sculpture

Bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal sculptures; a cast bronze sculpture is often called simply "a bronze".

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Bust (sculpture)

A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human body, depicting a person's head and neck, and a variable portion of the chest and shoulders.

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Carlsberg Foundation

Carlsberg Foundation (Carlsbergfondet) is a not-for-profit organization that was founded by J. C. Jacobsen in 1876, by allocating some of his shares in the Carlsberg Brewery to fund and operate the Carlsberg Laboratory and the Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Palace.

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Cleveland Museum of Art

The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.

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Copenhagen

Copenhagen (København) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the urban area.

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Culture of Africa

The Culture of Africa is varied and manifold, consisting of a mixture of countries with various tribes depicting their unique characteristic and trait from the continent of Africa.

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Fontaine de l'Observatoire

The Fontaine de l'Observatoire is a monumental fountain located in the Jardin Marco Polo, south of the Jardin du Luxembourg in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, with sculpture by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux. Why Born Enslaved! and Fontaine de l'Observatoire are sculptures of Black people.

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Indianapolis Museum of Art

The Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA) is an encyclopedic art museum located at Newfields, a campus that also houses Lilly House, The Virginia B. Fairbanks Art & Nature Park: 100 Acres, the Gardens at Newfields, the Beer Garden, and more.

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Jardin du Luxembourg

The Jardin du Luxembourg, known in English as the Luxembourg Garden, colloquially referred to as the Jardin du Sénat (Senate Garden), is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France.

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Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (11 May 1827 – 12 October 1875) was a French sculptor and painter during the Second Empire under Napoleon III.

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Kara Walker

Kara Elizabeth Walker (born November 26, 1969) is an American contemporary painter, silhouettist, printmaker, installation artist, filmmaker, and professor who explores race, gender, sexuality, violence, and identity in her work.

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Marble sculpture

Marble has been the preferred material for stone monumental sculpture since ancient times, with several advantages over its more common geological "parent" limestone, in particular the ability to absorb light a small distance into the surface before refracting it in subsurface scattering. Why Born Enslaved! and Marble sculpture are Marble sculptures.

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Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an encyclopedic art museum in New York City.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek

The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek ("ny" means "new" in Danish; "Glyptotek" comes from the Greek root glyphein, to carve, and theke, storing place), commonly known simply as Glyptoteket, is an art museum in Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Petit Palais

The (Small Palace) is an art museum in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France.

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Plaster

Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements.

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Polychrome

Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery, or sculpture in multiple colors.

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Salon (Paris)

The Salon (Salon), or rarely Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris), beginning in 1667 was the official art exhibition of the italic in Paris.

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Terracotta

Terracotta, also known as terra cotta or terra-cotta, is a clay-based non-vitreous ceramicOED, "Terracotta";, MFA Boston, "Cameo" database fired at relatively low temperatures.

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The Negress

The Negress is a bronze sculpture by French artist Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux. Why Born Enslaved! and The Negress are sculptures of Black people and sculptures of slaves.

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Warsaw National Museum

The Warsaw National Museum (Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie, MNW), also known as the National Museum in Warsaw, is a national museum in Warsaw, one of the largest museums in Poland and the largest in the capital.

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6th arrondissement of Paris

The 6th arrondissement of Paris (VIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Born_Enslaved!