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William Astbury, the Glossary

William Thomas Astbury FRS (25 February 1898 – 4 June 1961) was an English physicist and molecular biologist who made pioneering X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules.^[1]

76 relations: Actonian Prize, Alpha helix, Amino acid, Appendectomy, Beta sheet, Biomolecule, Cambridge, Chemist, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Collagen, Cork (city), Croonian Medal, Crystal, Crystallography, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, DNA, Duke of Sutherland, Enthusiasm, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fiber diffraction, Fibrin, Florence Bell (scientist), Francis Crick, Hans Neurath, Happiness, Head girl and head boy, Hugh Stott Taylor, Hydrogen bond, Idealism, Imagination, Ireland, J. D. Bernal, James Watson, Jesus College, Cambridge, Kathleen Lonsdale, Keratin, Lecturer, Leeds, Linus Pauling, London, Longton High School, Longton, Staffordshire, Maurice Loyal Huggins, Maurice Wilkins, Molecular biology, Myosin, Nature (journal), Nucleic acid, Nucleic acid double helix, Nucleotide, ... Expand index (26 more) »
English molecular biologists

Actonian Prize

The Actonian Prize was established by the Royal Institution as a septennial award for the "person who in the judgement of the committee of managers for the time being of the Institution, should have been the author of the best essay illustrative of the wisdom and beneficence of the Almighty, in such department of science as the committee of managers should, in their discretion, have selected".

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Alpha helix

An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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Appendectomy

An appendectomy (American English) or appendicectomy (British English) is a surgical operation in which the vermiform appendix (a portion of the intestine) is removed.

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Beta sheet

The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure.

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Biomolecule

A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.

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Chemist

A chemist (from Greek chēm(ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchemist) is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field.

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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a private, non-profit institution with research programs focusing on cancer, neuroscience, plant biology, genomics, and quantitative biology.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.

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Cork (city)

Cork (from corcach, meaning 'marsh') is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland, third largest on the island of Ireland, the county town of County Cork and largest city in the province of Munster.

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Croonian Medal

The Croonian Medal and Lecture is a prestigious award, a medal, and lecture given at the invitation of the Royal Society and the Royal College of Physicians.

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Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

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Crystallography

Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties.

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Dictionary of Scientific Biography

The Dictionary of Scientific Biography is a scholarly reference work that was published from 1970 through 1980 by publisher Charles Scribner's Sons, with main editor the science historian Charles Gillispie, from Princeton University.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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Duke of Sutherland

Duke of Sutherland is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom which was created by William IV in 1833 for George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Marquess of Stafford.

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Enthusiasm

In modern usage, enthusiasm refers to intense enjoyment, interest, or approval expressed by a person.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".

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Fiber diffraction

Fiber diffraction is a subarea of scattering, an area in which molecular structure is determined from scattering data (usually of X-rays, electrons or neutrons).

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Fibrin

Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood.

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Florence Bell (scientist)

Florence Ogilvy Bell (1 May 1913 – 23 November 2000), later Florence Sawyer, was a British scientist who contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA. William Astbury and Florence Bell (scientist) are British crystallographers.

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Francis Crick

Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. William Astbury and Francis Crick are English molecular biologists.

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Hans Neurath

Hans Neurath (October 29, 1909 – April 2002) was a biochemist, a leader in protein chemistry, and the founding chairman of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington in Seattle.

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Happiness

Happiness is a positive and pleasant emotion, ranging from contentment to intense joy.

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Head girl and head boy

Head boy and head girl are student leadership roles in schools, representing the school's entire student body.

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Hugh Stott Taylor

Sir Hugh Stott Taylor (6 February 1890 – 17 April 1974) was an English chemist primarily interested in catalysis.

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Hydrogen bond

In chemistry, a hydrogen bond (or H-bond) is primarily an electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn), and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac).

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Idealism

Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real".

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Imagination

Imagination is the production of sensations, feelings and thoughts informing oneself.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.

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J. D. Bernal

John Desmond Bernal (10 May 1901 – 15 September 1971) was an Irish scientist who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography in molecular biology. William Astbury and J. D. Bernal are British crystallographers.

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James Watson

James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist.

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Jesus College, Cambridge

Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

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Kathleen Lonsdale

Dame Kathleen Lonsdale (Yardley; 28 January 1903 – 1 April 1971) was a British crystallographer, pacifist, and prison reform activist. William Astbury and Kathleen Lonsdale are academics of the University of Leeds and British crystallographers.

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Keratin

Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.

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Lecturer

Lecturer is an academic rank within many universities, though the meaning of the term varies somewhat from country to country.

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Leeds

Leeds is a city in West Yorkshire, England. William Astbury and Leeds are Leeds Blue Plaques.

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Linus Pauling

Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist, author, and educator. William Astbury and Linus Pauling are history of genetics.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Longton High School

Longton High School was a school in Longton and later Meir, Staffordshire from 1760 to 2010.

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Longton, Staffordshire

Longton is one of the six towns which amalgamated to form the county borough of Stoke-on-Trent in 1910, along with Hanley, Tunstall, Fenton, Burslem and Stoke-upon-Trent in Staffordshire, England.

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Maurice Loyal Huggins

Maurice Loyal Huggins (September 19, 1897, Berkeley County, West Virginia – December 17, 1981) was a scientist who independently conceived the idea of hydrogen bonding and who was an early advocate for their role in stabilizing protein secondary structure.

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Maurice Wilkins

Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born British biophysicist and Nobel laureate whose research spanned multiple areas of physics and biophysics, contributing to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. William Astbury and Maurice Wilkins are English physicists.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.

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Myosin

Myosins are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

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Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.

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Nucleic acid double helix

In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA.

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Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

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Peptide bond

In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.

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Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Pottery

Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other raw materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form.

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Professor

Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.

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Protein folding

Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids, changes from an unstable random coil into a more ordered three-dimensional structure.

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Protein secondary structure

Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains.

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Protein structure

Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule.

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Raymond Gosling

Raymond George Gosling (15 July 1926 – 18 May 2015) was a British scientist.

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Reader (academic rank)

The title of reader in the United Kingdom and some universities in the Commonwealth of Nations, for example India, Australia and New Zealand, denotes an appointment for a senior academic with a distinguished international reputation in research or scholarship.

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Robert Corey

Robert Brainard Corey (August 19, 1897 – April 23, 1971) was an American biochemist, mostly known for his role in discovery of the α-helix and the β-sheet with Linus Pauling.

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Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. William Astbury and Rosalind Franklin are British crystallographers and English molecular biologists.

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Royal Army Medical Corps

The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families, in war and in peace.

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Royal Institution

The Royal Institution of Great Britain (often the Royal Institution, Ri or RI) is an organisation for scientific education and research, based in the City of Westminster.

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Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Scholarship

A scholarship is a form of financial aid awarded to students for further education.

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Tartaric acid

Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados, and citrus.

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Textile industry

The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of textiles: yarn, cloth and clothing.

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Torbjörn Oskar Caspersson (15 October 1910 – 7 December 1997) was a Swedish cytologist and geneticist.

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University College London

University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.

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University of Leeds

The University of Leeds is a public research university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. William Astbury and university of Leeds are Leeds Blue Plaques.

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William Henry Bragg

Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel Prize (in any field). William Astbury and William Henry Bragg are academics of the University of Leeds, British crystallographers and Leeds Blue Plaques.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Astbury

Also known as Astbury, William, W. T. Astbury, W.T. Astbury, WT Astbury, William Thomas Astbury.

, Peptide bond, Physicist, Physics, Pottery, Professor, Protein folding, Protein secondary structure, Protein structure, Raymond Gosling, Reader (academic rank), Robert Corey, Rosalind Franklin, Royal Army Medical Corps, Royal Institution, Royal Society, Scholarship, Tartaric acid, Textile industry, Torbjörn Caspersson, University College London, University of Cambridge, University of Leeds, William Henry Bragg, Wool, World War I, X-ray crystallography.

William Astbury, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

English molecular biologists

References