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Wind turbine design, the Glossary

Wind turbine design is the process of defining the form and configuration of a wind turbine to extract energy from the wind.^[1]

156 relations: AC-to-AC converter, Aeroelastic tailoring, Airfoil, Albert Betz, Alternating current, Aluminium, Anemometer, Angle of attack, Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Availability, Betz's law, Bloomberg News, Buckling, Carbon, Carbon nanofiber, Carbon nanotube, Centre for Alternative Technology, CleanTechnica, Composite material, Composite repair, Crane (machine), Deep foundation, Delamination, Design specification, Dicyclopentadiene, Direct current, Direct-drive mechanism, Disc brake, Distributed power, DNV, Doubly fed electric machine, Drum brake, Electrek, Electric generator, Electric power, Electrical grid, Enercon, Epoxy, European Union, Fail-safe, Fatigue, Fatigue (material), Fiberglass, Fibre-reinforced plastic, Floating wind turbine, Foundation (engineering), Furl (sailing), GE Wind, Glider (sailplane), Global Wind Energy Council, ... Expand index (106 more) »
Wind turbines

AC-to-AC converter

A solid-state AC-to-AC converter converts an AC waveform to another AC waveform, where the output voltage and frequency can be set arbitrarily.

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Aeroelastic tailoring is defined as "the embodiment of directional stiffness into an aircraft structural design to control aeroelastic deformation, static or dynamic, in such a fashion as to affect the aerodynamic and structural performance of that aircraft in a beneficial way",Shirk, M., Hertz, T., Weisshaar, T., "Aeroelastic Tailoring – Theory, Practice, Promise", Journal of Aircraft, Vol.

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Airfoil

An airfoil (American English) or aerofoil (British English) is a streamlined body that is capable of generating significantly more lift than drag.

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Albert Betz

Albert Betz (25 December 1885 – 16 April 1968) was a German physicist and a pioneer of wind turbine technology.

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Alternating current

Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction.

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Aluminium

Aluminium (Aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Anemometer

In meteorology, an anemometer is a device that measures wind speed and direction.

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Angle of attack

In fluid dynamics, angle of attack (AOA, α, or \alpha) is the angle between a reference line on a body (often the chord line of an airfoil) and the vector representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is moving.

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Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future

The Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability is the hub of collaborative sustainability research at Cornell University, forging vital connections among researchers, students, staff, and external partners.

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Availability

In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings.

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Betz's law

In aerodynamics, Betz's law indicates the maximum power that can be extracted from the wind, independent of the design of a wind turbine in open flow.

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Bloomberg News

Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.

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Buckling

In structural engineering, buckling is the sudden change in shape (deformation) of a structural component under load, such as the bowing of a column under compression or the wrinkling of a plate under shear.

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Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.

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Carbon nanofiber

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), or vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) are cylindrical nanostructures with graphene layers arranged as stacked cones, cups or plates.

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Carbon nanotube

A scanning tunneling microscopy image of a single-walled carbon nanotube Rotating single-walled zigzag carbon nanotube A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a tube made of carbon with a diameter in the nanometre range (nanoscale).

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Centre for Alternative Technology

The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) (Canolfan y Dechnoleg Amgen) is an eco-centre in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales dedicated to demonstrating and teaching sustainable development.

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CleanTechnica

CleanTechnica is a US-based website dedicated to aggregating news in clean technology, sustainable energy, and electric vehicles, with a focus on Tesla.

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Composite material

A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials.

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Composite repair

Composite repairs are performed on damaged laminate structures, fibre reinforced composites and other composite materials.

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Crane (machine)

A crane is a machine used to move materials both vertically and horizontally, utilizing a system of a boom, hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves for lifting and relocating heavy objects within the swing of its boom.

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Deep foundation

A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a subsurface layer or a range of depths.

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Delamination

Delamination is a mode of failure where a material fractures into layers.

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Design specification

A design specification (or product design specification) is a document which details exactly what criteria a product or a process should comply with.

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Dicyclopentadiene

Dicyclopentadiene, abbreviated DCPD, is a chemical compound with formula.

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Direct current

Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge.

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Direct-drive mechanism

A direct-drive mechanism is a mechanism design where the force or torque from a prime mover is transmitted directly to the effector device (such as the drive wheels of a vehicle) without involving any intermediate couplings such as a gear train or a belt.

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Disc brake

A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or a rotor to create friction.

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Distributed power

In rail transport, distributed power (DP) is a generic term referring to the physical distribution—at intermediate points throughout the length of a train—of separate motive power groups.

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DNV

Det Norske Veritas (DNV), formerly DNV GL is an international accredited registrar and classification society headquartered in Høvik, Norway.

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Doubly fed electric machine

Doubly fed electric machines, also slip-ring generators, are electric motors or electric generators, where both the field magnet windings and armature windings are separately connected to equipment outside the machine.

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Drum brake

A drum brake is a brake that uses friction caused by a set of shoes or pads that press outward against a rotating bowl-shaped part called a brake drum.

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Electrek

Electrek is an American news website dedicated to electric transportation and sustainable energy.

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Electric generator

In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit.

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Electric power

Electric power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy within a circuit.

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Electrical grid

An electrical grid (or electricity network) is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers.

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Enercon

Enercon GmbH is a wind turbine manufacturer based in Aurich, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Epoxy

Epoxy is the family of basic components or cured end products of epoxy resins.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Fail-safe

In engineering, a fail-safe is a design feature or practice that, in the event of a failure of the design feature, inherently responds in a way that will cause minimal or no harm to other equipment, to the environment or to people.

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Fatigue

Fatigue describes a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion or loss of energy.

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Fatigue (material)

In materials science, fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading.

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Fiberglass

Fiberglass (American English) or fibreglass (Commonwealth English) is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber.

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Fibre-reinforced plastic

Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP; also called fibre-reinforced polymer, or in American English fiber) is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres.

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Floating wind turbine

A floating wind turbine is an offshore wind turbine mounted on a floating structure that allows the turbine to generate electricity in water depths where fixed-foundation turbines are not feasible.

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Foundation (engineering)

In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground.

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Furl (sailing)

Furling refers to stowing a sail into a neat package after it has been ed, but leaving it still fastened in the position from which it can be set.

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GE Wind

GE Wind is a division of GE Vernova.

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Glider (sailplane)

A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring).

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Global Wind Energy Council

The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) was established in 2005 to provide a credible and representative forum for the entire wind energy sector at an international level.

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High voltage

High voltage electricity refers to electrical potential large enough to cause injury or damage.

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Hitachi

() is a Japanese multinational conglomerate founded in 1910 and headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo.

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HVDC converter station

An HVDC converter station (or simply converter station) is a specialised type of substation which forms the terminal equipment for a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line.

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Hybrid system

A hybrid system is a dynamical system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior – a system that can both flow (described by a differential equation) and jump (described by a state machine or automaton).

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HyperSizer

HyperSizer is computer-aided engineering (CAE) software used for stress analysis and sizing optimization of metallic and composite structures.

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IEC 61400

IEC 61400 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) regarding wind turbines. Wind turbine design and IEC 61400 are wind turbines.

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IEEE Spectrum

IEEE Spectrum is a magazine edited by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

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Indiana

Indiana is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Induction motor

An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor that produces torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.

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Ingeniøren

Ingeniøren (full name: Nyhedsmagasinet Ingeniøren, literally The News Magazine "The Engineer") is a Danish weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics.

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Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) professional association for electronics engineering, electrical engineering, and other related disciplines.

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International Electrotechnical Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; Commission électrotechnique internationale) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology".

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Kinetic energy

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.

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Lead-acid battery

The lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery first invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté.

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Lift (force)

When a fluid flows around an object, the fluid exerts a force on the object.

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Lift-to-drag ratio

In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio (or L/D ratio) is the lift generated by an aerodynamic body such as an aerofoil or aircraft, divided by the aerodynamic drag caused by moving through air.

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Low voltage

In electrical engineering, low voltage is a relative term, the definition varying by context.

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Magnet

A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field.

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Magnetic field

A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.

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Manitoba

Manitoba is a province of Canada at the longitudinal centre of the country.

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Maximum power point tracking

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction as conditions vary.

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Mechanical energy

In physical sciences, mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.

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Mingyang Wind Power

Ming Yang Wind Power Group Limited ("Ming Yang") is the largest private wind turbine manufacturer in China and the fifth largest overall in the country.

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Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the mass moment of inertia, angular/rotational mass, second moment of mass, or most accurately, rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis, akin to how mass determines the force needed for a desired acceleration.

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Nacelle (wind turbine)

A nacelle is a cover housing that houses all of the generating components in a wind turbine, including the generator, gearbox, drive train, and brake assembly. Wind turbine design and nacelle (wind turbine) are wind turbines.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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Neodymium

Neodymium is a chemical element; it has symbol Nd and atomic number 60.

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Neodymium magnet

A Nickel-plated neodymium magnet on a bracket from a hard disk drive Nickel-plated neodymium magnet cubes Left: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of Nd2Fe14B; right: crystal structure with unit cell marked A neodymium magnet (also known as NdFeB, NIB or Neo magnet) is a permanent magnet made from an alloy of neodymium, iron, and boron to form the Nd2Fe14B tetragonal crystalline structure.

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Nordex

Nordex SE is a European company that designs, sells and manufactures wind turbines.

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a federally funded research and development center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

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Offshore wind power

Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the generation of electricity through wind farms in bodies of water, usually at sea.

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Operating reserve

In electricity networks, the operating reserve is the generating capacity available to the system operator within a short interval of time to meet demand in case a generator goes down or there is another disruption to the supply.

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Operating temperature

An operating temperature is the allowable temperature range of the local ambient environment at which an electrical or mechanical device operates.

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Paraffin wax

Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax) is a soft colorless solid derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between 20 and 40 carbon atoms.

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Pitch bearing

The pitch bearing, also named blade bearing, is a component of modern wind turbines which connect the rotor hub and the rotor blade. Wind turbine design and pitch bearing are wind turbines.

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Pitching moment

In aerodynamics, the pitching moment on an airfoil is the moment (or torque) produced by the aerodynamic force on the airfoil if that aerodynamic force is considered to be applied, not at the center of pressure, but at the aerodynamic center of the airfoil.

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Polymer

A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules linked together into chains of repeating subunits.

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Power factor

In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC power system is defined as the ratio of the real power absorbed by the load to the apparent power flowing in the circuit.

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Power inverter

A power inverter, inverter, or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).

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Prestressed concrete

Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction.

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Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the process of thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures, often in an inert atmosphere.

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Rajasthan

Rajasthan (lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northwestern India.

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Rare-earth element

The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths or, in context, rare-earth oxides, and sometimes the lanthanides (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals.

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Reactances of synchronous machines

The reactances of synchronous machines comprise a set of characteristic constants used in the theory of synchronous machines.

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Rectifier

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction.

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Reefing

Reefing reduces the area of a sail, usually by folding or rolling one edge of the canvas in on itself and attaching the unused portion to a spar or a, as the primary measure to preserve a sailing vessel's stability in strong winds.

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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on sustainable energy.

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Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

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Revolutions per minute

Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines.

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Rotor (electric)

The rotor is a moving component of an electromagnetic system in the electric motor, electric generator, or alternator.

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Scoraig

Scoraig (Sgoraig) is a settlement located on a remote peninsula between Little Loch Broom and Loch Broom, north-west of Ullapool in Ross and Cromarty, Highland, Scotland. The 1871 census recorded more than 380 Gaelic-speaking inhabitants of Scoraig. Today it is known for its remoteness (reachable only by boat or about five miles' walk), its somewhat "alternative" atmosphere, organic food production, and its pioneering use of wind power.

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Shipping container

A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling.

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Siemens Gamesa

Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, S.A. was formed in 2017 in a merger of Siemens' Wind Power division with Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica, S.A.; it is a Spanish-German wind engineering company based in Zamudio, Biscay, Spain.

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Sine and cosine

In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.

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Slewing drive

The slewing drive is a gearbox that can safely hold radial and axial loads without brakes, as well as transmit a torque for rotating.

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Small wind turbine

Small wind turbines, also known as micro wind turbines or urban wind turbines, are wind turbines that generate electricity for small-scale use.

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St. Leon Wind Farm

St.

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Stall (fluid dynamics)

In fluid dynamics, a stall is a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a foil as angle of attack increases.

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Stator

The stator is the stationary part of a rotary system, found in electric generators, electric motors, sirens, mud motors, or biological rotors (such as bacterial flagella or ATP synthase).

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Steven Chu

Steven Chu in atomic physics and laser spectroscopy, including the first observation of parity non-conservation in atoms, excitation and precision spectroscopy of positronium, and the optical confinement and cooling of atoms.

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Structural engineering

Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the 'bones and joints' that create the form and shape of human-made structures.

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Structural load

A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements.

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Structural steel

Structural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes.

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Submarine power cable

A submarine power cable is a transmission cable for carrying electric power below the surface of the water.

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Substation

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.

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Supercapacitor

doi-access.

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Superhydrophobic coating

A superhydrophobic coating is a thin surface layer that repels water.

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Swing equation

A power system consists of a number of synchronous machines operating synchronously under all operating conditions.

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Synchronous motor

A synchronous electric motor is an AC electric motor in which, at steady state, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integer number of AC cycles.

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Technical University of Denmark

The Technical University of Denmark (Danmarks Tekniske Universitet), often simply referred to as DTU, is a polytechnic university and school of engineering.

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Tension control bolt

A tension control bolt (TC bolt) is a heavy duty bolt used in steel frame construction.

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Thermal analysis

Thermal analysis is a branch of materials science where the properties of materials are studied as they change with temperature.

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Thermoplastic

A thermoplastic, or thermosoftening plastic, is any plastic polymer material that becomes pliable or moldable at a certain elevated temperature and solidifies upon cooling.

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Thermosetting polymer

In materials science, a thermosetting polymer, often called a thermoset, is a polymer that is obtained by irreversibly hardening ("curing") a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer (resin).

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Tip-speed ratio

The tip-speed ratio, λ, or TSR for wind turbines is the ratio between the tangential speed of the tip of a blade and the actual speed of the wind, v. The tip-speed ratio is related to efficiency, with the optimum varying with blade design. Wind turbine design and tip-speed ratio are wind turbines.

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Tonne

The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.

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Torque

In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational analogue of linear force.

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Transmission (mechanical device)

A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.

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Unconventional wind turbines

Unconventional wind turbines are those that differ significantly from the most common types in use. Wind turbine design and Unconventional wind turbines are wind turbines.

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United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy-related research, and energy conservation.

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Variable capacitor

A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance may be intentionally and repeatedly changed mechanically or electronically.

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Variable speed wind turbine

A variable speed wind turbine is one which is specifically designed to operate over a wide range of rotor speeds. Wind turbine design and variable speed wind turbine are wind turbines.

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Vector control (motor)

Vector control, also called field-oriented control (FOC), is a variable-frequency drive (VFD) control method in which the stator currents of a three-phase AC or brushless DC electric motor are identified as two orthogonal components that can be visualized with a vector.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_design

Also known as Design feasibilIty of Wind turbine systems, Direct drive wind turbine, Gear less wind turbine, Gearless Wind turbine.

, High voltage, Hitachi, HVDC converter station, Hybrid system, HyperSizer, IEC 61400, IEEE Spectrum, Indiana, Induction motor, Ingeniøren, Inner Mongolia, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, International Electrotechnical Commission, Kinetic energy, Lead-acid battery, Lift (force), Lift-to-drag ratio, Low voltage, Magnet, Magnetic field, Manitoba, Maximum power point tracking, Mechanical energy, Mingyang Wind Power, Moment of inertia, Nacelle (wind turbine), NASA, Neodymium, Neodymium magnet, Nordex, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Offshore wind power, Operating reserve, Operating temperature, Paraffin wax, Pitch bearing, Pitching moment, Polymer, Power factor, Power inverter, Prestressed concrete, Pyrolysis, Rajasthan, Rare-earth element, Reactances of synchronous machines, Rectifier, Reefing, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Resistor, Revolutions per minute, Rotor (electric), Scoraig, Shipping container, Siemens Gamesa, Sine and cosine, Slewing drive, Small wind turbine, St. Leon Wind Farm, Stall (fluid dynamics), Stator, Steven Chu, Structural engineering, Structural load, Structural steel, Submarine power cable, Substation, Supercapacitor, Superhydrophobic coating, Swing equation, Synchronous motor, Technical University of Denmark, Tension control bolt, Thermal analysis, Thermoplastic, Thermosetting polymer, Tip-speed ratio, Tonne, Torque, Transmission (mechanical device), Ultraviolet, Unconventional wind turbines, United States Department of Energy, Variable capacitor, Variable speed wind turbine, Vector control (motor), Vertical-axis wind turbine, Vestas, Volatile organic compound, Volt-ampere, Vortex generator, Water droplet erosion, Watt, Weather vane, Wind, Wind profile power law, Wind resource assessment, Wind shear, Wind turbine, Wind-turbine aerodynamics, WindEurope, Windpower Monthly, Wingtip device, Wolfe Island Wind Farm, Wood, World Steel Association, Yaw (rotation).

Wind turbine design, the Glossary

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