Witchcraft, the Glossary
Witchcraft, as most commonly understood in both historical and present-day communities, is the use of alleged supernatural powers of magic.[1]
Table of Contents
283 relations: A & C Black, Ašipu, Age of Enlightenment, Akkadian Empire, Aleister Crowley, American Indian Quarterly, Amulet, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamian religion, Ancient Rome, Anglosphere, Anthropologist, Aos Sí, Apostasy, Apotropaic magic, Apuleius, Asia, Azande witchcraft, Ælfric of Eynsham, Éva Pócs, Babylonia, Bacteria, Bahia, BBC News, Biblical law, Black magic, Buruli ulcer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cameroon, Canongate Books, Capital punishment, Casta, Catholic Church, Center for Inquiry, Central African Republic, Ceremonial magic, Cherokee, Chinese culture, Chinese shamanism, Christian fundamentalism, Christian views on magic, Christianity, Christianity and colonialism, Christianization, Christians, Christina Larner, Classical antiquity, Classical Latin, Code of Hammurabi, Colonial Brazil, ... Expand index (233 more) »
- Incubi
- Religious controversies
A & C Black
A & C Black is a British book publishing company, owned since 2002 by Bloomsbury Publishing.
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Ašipu
In ancient Mesopotamia, the ašipu (also āšipu or mašmaššu) acted as priests.
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
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Akkadian Empire
The Akkadian Empire was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer.
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Aleister Crowley
Aleister Crowley (born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet, philosopher, political theorist, novelist, mountaineer, and painter.
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American Indian Quarterly
The American Indian Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering studies on the indigenous peoples of North and South America.
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Amulet
An amulet, also known as a good luck charm or phylactery, is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor.
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
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Ancient Mesopotamian religion
Mesopotamian religion refers to the religious beliefs (concerning the gods, creation and the cosmos, the origin of man, and so forth) and practices of the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, particularly Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia between circa 6000 BC and 400 AD.
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Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
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Anglosphere
The Anglosphere is the Anglo-American sphere of influence, with a core group of nations that today maintain close political, diplomatic and military co-operation.
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Anthropologist
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.
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Aos Sí
Aos sí (English approximation:; older form: aes sídhe) is the Irish name for a supernatural race in Celtic mythology—daoine sìth in Scottish Gaelic—comparable to fairies or elves.
Apostasy
Apostasy (defection, revolt) is the formal disaffiliation from, abandonment of, or renunciation of a religion by a person.
Apotropaic magic
Apotropaic magic or protective magic is a type of magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye.
See Witchcraft and Apotropaic magic
Apuleius
Apuleius (also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 – after 170) was a Numidian Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician.
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
Azande witchcraft
Witchcraft among the Zande people of North Central Africa is magic used to inflict harm on an individual that is native to the Azande tribal peoples.
See Witchcraft and Azande witchcraft
Ælfric of Eynsham
Ælfric of Eynsham (Ælfrīc; Alfricus, Elphricus) was an English abbot and a student of Æthelwold of Winchester, and a consummate, prolific writer in Old English of hagiography, homilies, biblical commentaries, and other genres.
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Éva Pócs
Éva Pócs (born 1936) is a Hungarian ethnographer and folklorist.
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Bahia
Bahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country.
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Biblical law
Biblical law is the legal aspects of the Bible, the holy scriptures of Christianity and Judaism.
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Black magic
Black magic has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for evil and selfish purposes.
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Buruli ulcer
Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease characterized by the development of painless open wounds.
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Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Cameroon
Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa.
Canongate Books
Canongate Books (trading as Canongate) is an independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh, Scotland.
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Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.
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Casta
Casta is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
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Center for Inquiry
The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is a U.S. nonprofit organization that works to mitigate belief in pseudoscience and the paranormal and to fight the influence of religion in government.
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Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR), formerly known as Ubangi-Shari, is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
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Ceremonial magic
Ceremonial magic (also known as ritual magic, high magic or learned magic) encompasses a wide variety of rituals of magic.
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Cherokee
The Cherokee (translit, or translit) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States.
Chinese culture
Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago.
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Chinese shamanism
Chinese shamanism, alternatively called Wuism (alternatively 巫觋宗教 wū xí zōngjiào), refers to the shamanic religious tradition of China.
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Christian fundamentalism
Christian fundamentalism, also known as fundamental Christianity or fundamentalist Christianity, is a religious movement emphasizing biblical literalism.
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Christian views on magic
Christian views on magic vary widely among Christian denominations and among individuals. Witchcraft and Christian views on magic are religious controversies.
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Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Christianity and colonialism
Christianity and colonialism are associated with each other by some due to the service of Christianity, in its various sects (namely Protestantism, Catholicism and Orthodoxy), as the state religion of the historical European colonial powers, in which Christians likewise made up the majority.
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Christianization
Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity.
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Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christina Larner
Christina Larner (22 September 1933 27 April 1983) was a British historian with pioneering studies about European witchcraft and a Professor of Sociology at the University of Glasgow.
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Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
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Classical Latin
Classical Latin is the form of Literary Latin recognized as a literary standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire.
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Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi is a Babylonian legal text composed during 1755–1750 BC.
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Colonial Brazil
Colonial Brazil (Brasil Colonial) comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to a kingdom in union with Portugal.
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Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
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Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life.
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Constitutio Criminalis Carolina
The Constitutio Criminalis Carolina (sometimes shortened to Carolina) is recognised as the first body of German criminal law (Strafgesetzbuch).
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Cook Islands
The Cook Islands (Rarotongan: Kūki ‘Airani; Kūki Airani) is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.
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Culture
Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.
Cunning folk
Cunning folk, also known as folk healers or wise folk, were practitioners of folk medicine, helpful folk magic and divination in Europe from the Middle Ages until the 20th century.
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Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits
Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic is a study of the beliefs regarding witchcraft and magic in Early Modern Britain written by the British historian Emma Wilby.
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Cunning folk in Britain
The cunning folk were professional or semi-professional practitioners of magic in Europe from the medieval period through the early 20th century.
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Curse
A curse (also called an imprecation, malediction, execration, malison, anathema, or commination) is any expressed wish that some form of adversity or misfortune will befall or attach to one or more persons, a place, or an object.
Deal with the Devil
A deal with the Devil (also called a pact with the Devil, Faustian bargain, or Mephistophelian bargain) is a cultural motif exemplified by the legend of Faust and the figure of Mephistopheles, as well as being elemental to many Christian traditions.
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Zaire, or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country in Central Africa.
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Demonization
Demonization or demonisation is the reinterpretation of polytheistic deities as evil, lying lyings by other religions, generally by the monotheistic and henotheistic ones. Witchcraft and Demonization are Sociology of religion.
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Devil
A devil is the personification of evil as it is conceived in various cultures and religious traditions.
Devil in Christianity
In Christianity, the Devil is the personification of evil.
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Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
The Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith (DDF) is a department of the Roman Curia in charge of the religious discipline of the Catholic Church.
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Divination
Divination is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic ritual or practice. Witchcraft and Divination are superstitions.
Divinity
Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.
Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
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E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Sir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard FBA FRAI (21 September 1902 – 11 September 1973) was an English anthropologist who was instrumental in the development of social anthropology.
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Early modern Europe
Early modern Europe, also referred to as the post-medieval period, is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the mid 15th century to the late 18th century.
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Early modern period
The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.
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Ebola
Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses.
Emma Wilby
Emma Wilby is a British historian and author specialising in the magical beliefs of Early Modern Britain.
Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han (156 – 29 March 87BC), born Liu Che and courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty from 141 to 87 BC. His reign lasted 54 years – a record not broken until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor more than 1,800 years later – and remains the record for ethnic Han emperors.
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Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. is the company known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest continuously published encyclopaedia.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
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Epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures.
Epoch
In chronology and periodization, an epoch or reference epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular calendar era.
Epodes (Horace)
The Epodes (Epodi or Epodon liber; also called Iambi) are a collection of iambic poems written by the Roman poet Horace.
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Erichtho
In Roman literature, Erichtho (from) is a legendary Thessalian witch who appears in several literary works.
Ethnography
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
European witchcraft
European witchcraft is a multifaceted historical and cultural phenomenon that unfolded over centuries, leaving a mark on the continent's social, religious, and legal landscapes. Witchcraft and European witchcraft are religious controversies and Sociology of religion.
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Evil
Evil, by one definition, is being bad and acting out morally incorrect behavior; or it is the condition of causing unnecessary pain and suffering, thus containing a net negative on the world.
Evil eye
The evil eye is a supernatural belief in a curse brought about by a malevolent glare, usually inspired by envy. Witchcraft and evil eye are superstitions.
Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments.
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Extrajudicial punishment is a punishment for an alleged crime or offense which is carried out without legal process or supervision by a court or tribunal through a legal proceeding.
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Fairy
A fairy (also fay, fae, fey, fair folk, or faerie) is a type of mythical being or legendary creature, generally described as anthropomorphic, found in the folklore of multiple European cultures (including Celtic, Slavic, Germanic, and French folklore), a form of spirit, often with metaphysical, supernatural, or preternatural qualities.
Faith healing
Faith healing is the practice of prayer and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice.
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Familiar
In European folklore of the medieval and early modern periods, familiars (strictly familiar spirits, as "familiar" also meant just "close friend" or companion, and may be seen in the scientific name for dog, Canis familiaris) were believed to be supernatural entities, interdimensional beings, or spiritual guardians that would protect or assist witches and cunning folk in their practice of magic, divination, and spiritual insight.
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
Various feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period have been made and published throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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Feminist Press
The Feminist Press at CUNY is an American independent nonprofit literary publisher of the City University of New York, based in New York City.
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Gaels
The Gaels (Na Gaeil; Na Gàidheil; Ny Gaeil) are an ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man.
Gaius Furius Chresimus
Gaius Furius Chresimus, or Cresimus, or Cressinus, was a 2nd-century BC Greek farmer and freedman in the Roman Republic mentioned in a fragment of the lost history of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, preserved in Pliny's ''Natural History''.
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Gardenia taitensis
Gardenia taitensis, also called Tahitian gardenia or tiaré flower, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae.
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Gerald Gardner
Gerald Brosseau Gardner (13 June 1884 – 12 February 1964), also known by the craft name Scire, was an English Wiccan, author, and amateur anthropologist and archaeologist.
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German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
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Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa.
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Ghana
Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.
Gong Tau: An Oriental Black Magic
Gong Tau: An Oriental Black Magic (Cantonese: 降頭 Gong Tau) is a 2007 Hong Kong horror film directed by Herman Yau.
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Hag
A hag is a wizened old woman, or a kind of fairy or goddess having the appearance of such a woman, often found in folklore and children's tales such as "Hansel and Gretel".
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.
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Health care
Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people.
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Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
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Hebrews
The Hebrews were an ancient Semitic-speaking people.
Herb
In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances.
Heresy
Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization. Witchcraft and Heresy are religious controversies.
Hero
A hero (feminine: heroine) is a real person or a main fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, courage, or strength.
Highlands Region
Highlands Region is one of four regions of Papua New Guinea.
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History
History (derived) is the systematic study and documentation of the human past.
History of colonialism
independence. The historical phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time.
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History of Korea
The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago.
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Hittites
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia.
HIV/AIDS
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
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Hopi
The Hopi are Native Americans who primarily live in northeastern Arizona.
Horace
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC),Suetonius,. commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."Quintilian 10.1.96.
Horse skulls
In Ireland, England, Wales, and the Scandinavian Peninsula, horse skulls have been found concealed in the structures of buildings, usually under the foundation or floor.
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Idolatry
Idolatry is the worship of a cult image or "idol" as though it were a deity. Witchcraft and Idolatry are religious controversies.
Incantation
An incantation, a spell, a charm, an enchantment, or a bewitchery, is a magical formula intended to trigger a magical effect on a person or objects.
See Witchcraft and Incantation
Indigenous peoples
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.
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Infanticide
Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or offspring.
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Infection
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.
Initiation
Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society.
Isaac Bonewits
Phillip Emmons Isaac Bonewits (October 1, 1949 – August 12, 2010) was an American Neo-Druid who published a number of books on the subject of Neopaganism and magic.
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Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Isolation (health care)
In health care facilities, isolation represents one of several measures that can be taken to implement in infection control: the prevention of communicable diseases from being transmitted from a patient to other patients, health care workers, and visitors, or from outsiders to a particular patient (reverse isolation).
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James George Frazer
Sir James George Frazer (1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941) was a Scottish social anthropologist and folkloristJosephson-Storm (2017), Chapter 5.
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Japanese folklore
Japanese folklore encompasses the informally learned folk traditions of Japan and the Japanese people as expressed in its oral traditions, customs, and material culture.
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Jean La Fontaine
Jean Sybil La Fontaine FRAI (born 1 November 1931) is a British anthropologist and emeritus professor of the London School of Economics.
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Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
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Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
Keith Thomas (historian)
Sir Keith Vivian Thomas (born 2 January 1933) is a Welsh historian of the early modern world based at Oxford University.
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Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.
Kinshasa
Kinshasa (Kinsásá), formerly named Léopoldville until June 30, 1966, is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Leprosy
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis
The Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis (or veneficiis) (The Cornelian Law against Murderers and Poisoners) was a Roman statute enacted by Lucius Cornelius Sulla in 81 BC during his dictatorship to write laws and reconstitute the state (legibus scribundis et rei publicae constituendae) which aimed at the punishment of murderers, poisoners, abortionists, human sacrifice, and malign magicians and was later also applied to the punishment of castration and circumcision.
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Life expectancy
Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.
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Llewellyn Worldwide
Llewellyn Worldwide (formerly Llewellyn Publications) is a New Age publisher based in Woodbury, Minnesota.
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London
London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.
Longman
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
Love magic
Love magic is a type of magic that has existed or currently exists in many cultures around the world as a part of folk beliefs, both by clergy and laity of nearly every religion.
Lucan
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain).
Magic (supernatural)
Magic is an ancient practice rooted in rituals, spiritual divinations, and/or cultural lineage—with an intention to invoke, manipulate, or otherwise manifest supernatural forces, beings, or entities in the natural world. Witchcraft and Magic (supernatural) are superstitions.
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Magic and religion
Belief in magic exists in all societies, regardless of whether they have organized religious hierarchy including formal clergy or more informal systems. Witchcraft and magic and religion are religious controversies.
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Makaa people
The Maka or Makaa are a Bantu ethnic group inhabiting the southern rain forest zone of Cameroon.
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Malawi
Malawi (in Chichewa and Chitumbuka), officially the Republic of Malawi and formerly known as Nyasaland, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa.
Malleus Maleficarum
The Malleus Maleficarum, usually translated as the Hammer of Witches, is the best known treatise purporting to be about witchcraft.
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Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England and a publisher of academic books and journals.
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Maqlû
The Maqlû, “burning,” series is an Akkadian incantation text which concerns the performance of a rather lengthy anti-witchcraft, or kišpū, ritual.
Marae
A marae (in New Zealand Māori, Cook Islands Māori, Tahitian), malae (in Tongan), meae (in Marquesan) or malae (in Samoan) is a communal or sacred place that serves religious and social purposes in Polynesian societies.
Margaret Murray
Margaret Alice Murray (13 July 1863 – 13 November 1963) was an Anglo-Indian Egyptologist, archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist.
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Médecins Sans Frontières
italic (MSF; pronounced), also known as Doctors Without Borders, is a charity that provides humanitarian medical care. It is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases.
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Medicine man
A medicine man (from Ojibwe mashkikiiwinini) or medicine woman (from Ojibwe mashkikiiwininiikwe) is a traditional healer and spiritual leader who serves a community of Indigenous people of the Americas.
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Member of parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district.
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Mende people
The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
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Mexican Inquisition
The Mexican Inquisition was an extension of the Spanish Inquisition into New Spain.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
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Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
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Middle Low German
Middle Low German (Middelsassisk, label, label or label, italics, italics) is a developmental stage of Low German.
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Midwife
A midwife (midwives) is a health professional who cares for mothers and newborns around childbirth, a specialization known as midwifery.
Milne Bay
Milne Bay is a large bay in Milne Bay Province, south-eastern Papua New Guinea.
Milne Bay Province
Milne Bay is a province of Papua New Guinea.
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Miracle
A miracle is an event that is inexplicable by natural or scientific lawsOne dictionary defines as: "A surprising and welcome event that is not explicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore considered to be the work of a divine agency." and accordingly gets attributed to some supernatural or praeternatural cause.
Misogyny
Misogyny is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls.
Modern paganism
Modern paganism, also known as contemporary paganism and neopaganism, spans a range of new religious movements variously influenced by the beliefs of pre-modern peoples across Europe, North Africa, and the Near East.
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Modern witch-hunts
Witch-hunts are a contemporary phenomenon occurring globally, with notable occurrences in Sub-Saharan Africa, India, Nepal, and Papua New Guinea.
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Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse committed with the necessary intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisdiction.
Murder of Victoria Climbié
Victoria Adjo Climbié (2 November 1991 – 25 February 2000) was an eight-year-old Ivorian girl who was tortured and murdered by her great-aunt and her great-aunt's boyfriend.
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Mysticism
Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning.
Navajo
The Navajo are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States.
Necromancy
Necromancy is the practice of magic involving communication with the dead by summoning their spirits as apparitions or visions for the purpose of divination; imparting the means to foretell future events and discover hidden knowledge.
Neopagan witchcraft
Neopagan witchcraft, sometimes referred to as The Craft, is an umbrella term for some neo-pagan traditions that include the practice of magic.
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Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.
Occult
The occult (from occultus) is a category of esoteric or supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of organized religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving a 'hidden' or 'secret' agency, such as magic and mysticism.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is a department of the United Nations Secretariat that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
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Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
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Old Testament
The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.
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Online Etymology Dictionary
The Online Etymology Dictionary or Etymonline, sometimes abbreviated as OED (not to be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary, which the site often cites), is a free online dictionary that describes the origins of English words, written and compiled by Douglas R. Harper.
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Ovid
Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.
Owen Davies (historian)
Owen Davies (born 1969) is a British historian who specialises in the history of magic, witchcraft, ghosts, and popular medicine.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Paganism
Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).
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Paraíba
Paraíba (Tupi: pa'ra a'íba) is a state of Brazil.
Penguin Books
Penguin Books Limited is a British publishing house.
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Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement that emphasizes direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit.
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Pernambuco
Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country.
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
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Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
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Poppet
In folk magic and witchcraft, a poppet (also known as poppit, moppet, mommet or pippy) is a doll made to represent a person, for casting spells on them, or aiding that person through magic.
Postpartum psychosis
Postpartum psychosis (PPP), also known as puerperal psychosis or peripartum psychosis, involves the abrupt onset of psychotic symptoms shortly following childbirth, typically within two weeks of delivery but less than 4 weeks postpartum.
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Potion
A potion is a liquid "that contains medicine, poison, or something that is supposed to have magic powers." It derives from the Latin word potio which refers to a drink or the act of drinking.
Progress
Progress is movement towards a refined, improved, or otherwise desired state.
Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks." It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library.
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Prophecy
In religion, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet) by a supernatural entity.
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
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Proto-Indo-European root
The roots of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) are basic parts of words to carry a lexical meaning, so-called morphemes.
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Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
Rabbi
A rabbi (רַבִּי|translit.
Reginald Scot
Reginald Scot (or Scott) (– 9 October 1599) was an Englishman and Member of Parliament, the author of The Discoverie of Witchcraft, which was published in 1584.
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Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in ancient Rome consisted of varying imperial and provincial religious practices, which were followed both by the people of Rome as well as those who were brought under its rule.
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Religiosity
The Oxford English Dictionary defines religiosity as: "Religiousness; religious feeling or belief.
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Richard A. Horsley
Richard A. Horsley was the Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and the Study of Religion at the University of Massachusetts Boston until his retirement in 2007.
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Richard Kieckhefer
Richard Kieckhefer (born 1946) is an American medievalist, religious historian, scholar of church architecture, and author.
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Ritual
A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, actions, or revered objects.
Rodney Needham
Rodney Needham (15 May 1923 – 4 December 2006 in Oxford) was an English social anthropologist.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
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Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
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Ronald Hutton
Ronald Edmund Hutton (born 19 December 1953) is an English historian specialising in early modern Britain, British folklore, pre-Christian religion, and modern paganism.
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Rune
A rune is a letter in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets native to the Germanic peoples.
Ruth Behar
Ruth Behar (born 1956) is a Cuban-American anthropologist and writer.
Sacred waters
Sacred waters are sacred natural sites characterized by tangible topographical land formations such as rivers, lakes, springs, reservoirs, and oceans, as opposed to holy water which is water elevated with the sacramental blessing of a cleric.
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Salem witch trials
The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693.
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Samarai Islands
The Samarai Islands archipelago, part of the larger Louisiade Archipelago, is located southeast of mainland New Guinea island, within the nation of Papua New Guinea.
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Satan
Satan, also known as the Devil, is an entity in Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
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Scapegoating
Scapegoating is the practice of singling out a person or group for unmerited blame and consequent negative treatment.
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Scots language
ScotsThe endonym for Scots is Scots.
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Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, or membership are concealed.
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Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.
Secularity
Secularity, also the secular or secularness (from Latin saeculum, "worldly" or "of a generation"), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion.
Shamanism
Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance.
Shapeshifting
In mythology, folklore, and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability to physically transform oneself through unnatural means.
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Shunning
Shunning can be the act of social rejection, or emotional distance.
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone, (also,; Salone) officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa.
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Sigil
A sigil is a type of symbol used in magic.
Skeptical Inquirer
Skeptical Inquirer is a bimonthly American general-audience magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) with the subtitle: The Magazine for Science and Reason.
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Sorcery (goetia)
Goetia is a type of European sorcery, often referred to as witchcraft, that has been transmitted through grimoires—books containing instructions for performing magical practices. Witchcraft and sorcery (goetia) are Sociology of religion.
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Spirituality
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other.
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Stregheria
() is a neo-pagan tradition similar to Wicca, with Italian and Italian American origins.
SUNY Press
The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system.
Supernatural
Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature.
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Superstition
A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural, attributed to fate or magic, perceived supernatural influence, or fear of that which is unknown. Witchcraft and superstition are superstitions.
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Sympathetic magic
Sympathetic magic, also known as imitative magic, is a type of magic based on imitation or correspondence.
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Syncretism
Syncretism is the practice of combining different beliefs and various schools of thought.
Syracuse University Press
Syracuse University Press, founded in 1943, is a university press that is part of Syracuse University.
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Talisman
A talisman is any object ascribed with religious or magical powers intended to protect, heal, or harm individuals for whom they are made.
Telegraph Media Group Limited (TMG; previously the Telegraph Group) is the proprietor of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph.
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The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally.
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The Discoverie of Witchcraft
The Discoverie of Witchcraft is a book published by the English gentleman Reginald Scot in 1584, intended as an exposé of early modern witchcraft.
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The Golden Ass
The Metamorphoses of Apuleius, which Augustine of Hippo referred to as The Golden Ass (Asinus aureus), is the only ancient Roman novel in Latin to survive in its entirety.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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Theistic Satanism
Theistic Satanism, otherwise referred to as religious Satanism, spiritual Satanism, or traditional Satanism, is an umbrella term for religious groups that consider Satan, the Devil, to objectively exist as a deity, supernatural entity, or spiritual being worthy of worship or reverence, whom individuals may contact and convene with, in contrast to the atheistic archetype, metaphor, or symbol found in LaVeyan Satanism.
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Thelema
Thelema is a Western esoteric and occult social or spiritual philosophy and a new religious movement founded in the early 1900s by Aleister Crowley (1875–1947), an English writer, mystic, occultist, and ceremonial magician.
Torah
The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
Toronto Star
The Toronto Star is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper.
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Torture
Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons including punishment, extracting a confession, interrogation for information, intimidating third parties, or entertainment.
Traditional healers of Southern Africa
Traditional healers of Southern Africa are practitioners of traditional African medicine in Southern Africa.
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Traditional medicine
Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before the era of modern medicine.
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Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.
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Twelve Tables
The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law.
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United Nations special rapporteur
Special rapporteur (or independent expert) is the title given to independent human rights experts whose expertise is called upon by the United Nations (UN) to report or advise on human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective.
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University of Toronto Press
The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian university press.
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Vice News
Vice News (stylized as VICE News) is Vice Media's alternative current affairs channel, producing daily documentary essays and video through its website and YouTube channel.
Villain
A villain (also known as a "black hat" or "bad guy"; the feminine form is villainess) is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction.
Violence against women
Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), is violent acts primarily or exclusively committed by men or boys against women or girls.
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Warlock
A warlock is a male practitioner of witchcraft.
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
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White magic
White magic has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for selfless purposes.
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Wicca
Wicca, also known as "The Craft", is a modern pagan, syncretic, earth-centered religion.
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
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Witch (word)
Witch, from the Old English (the masculine warlock, from wærloga, is of different etymology), is a term rooted in European folklore and superstition for a practitioner of witchcraft, magic or sorcery.
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Witch ball
A witch ball is a hollow sphere of glass.
Witch bottle
A witch bottle is a apotropaic magical item used as protection against witchcraft.
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Witch camp
Witch camps are settlements where women in Ghana who have been accused of being witches can flee for safety.
Witch of Endor
The Witch of Endor (בַּעֲלַת־אֹוב בְּעֵין דּוֹר baʿălaṯ-ʾōḇ bəʿĒyn Dōr, "mistress of the ʾōḇ in Endor") is a woman who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was consulted by Saul to summon the spirit of the prophet Samuel.
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Witch trials in the early modern period
In the early modern period, from about 1400 to 1775, about 100,000 people were prosecuted for witchcraft in Europe and British America.
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Witch-cult hypothesis
The witch-cult hypothesis is a discredited theory that the witch trials of the Early Modern period were an attempt to suppress a pagan religion that had survived the Christianization of Europe.
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Witch-hunt
A witch-hunt, or a witch purge, is a search for people who have been labeled witches or a search for evidence of witchcraft.
Witchcraft in Africa
In Africa, witchcraft refers to various beliefs and practices.
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Witchcraft in Latin America
Witchcraft in Latin America, known in Spanish as brujería and in Portuguese as bruxaria, is a complex blend of indigenous, African, and European influences.
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Witchcraft in North America
The views of witchcraft in North America have evolved through an interlinking history of cultural beliefs and interactions. Witchcraft and witchcraft in North America are religious controversies and Sociology of religion.
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Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande
Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande is one of social anthropology's most noted texts.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
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Yahweh
Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity, and the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, later the god of Judaism and its other descendant Abrahamic religions.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
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Zulu people
Zulu people (amaZulu) are a native people of Southern Africa of the Nguni.
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5th century BC
The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC.
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See also
Incubi
- Alp (folklore)
- Cambion
- Dusios
- Incubus
- Incubus (1966 film)
- Lidérc
- Merlin
- Nosferatu (word)
- Sexuality in Christian demonology
- The Nightmare
- Trow (folklore)
- Vrykolakas
- Witchcraft
Religious controversies
- Animal sacrifice
- Asian witchcraft
- Blasphemy
- Christian views on magic
- Christmas controversies
- Circumcision controversies
- Creationism
- Dancing ban
- Dera Sacha Sauda
- Discrimination against atheists
- Ethics of circumcision
- European witchcraft
- Existence of God
- Heresy
- Idolatry
- Islam and magic
- Magic and religion
- Pantheism controversy
- Religion and politics in the United States presidential campaign, 2008
- Religion and violence
- Religion in Scouting
- Religious offense
- Religious schisms
- Ritual slaughter
- Romani crucifixion legend
- Strong (advertisement)
- Witchcraft
- Witchcraft in North America
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchcraft
Also known as Bewitches, Cazi, Colonial Witchcraft, Harmful witchcraft, Sea Witches, Sea witch (folklore), Sea witch (mythology), Witch, Witch craft, Witch crafts, Witch in Islam, Witch-craft, Witchcraft (diabolic), Witchcraft (diabolical), Witchcraft in Islam, Witchcraft in Oceania, Witchcrafts, Witche, Witcheries, Witchery (magic), Witches, Witches in Islam, Worldwide historical and traditional views of witchcraft.
, Colonialism, Confucianism, Constitutio Criminalis Carolina, Cook Islands, Culture, Cunning folk, Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits, Cunning folk in Britain, Curse, Deal with the Devil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Demonization, Devil, Devil in Christianity, Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, Divination, Divinity, Dutch language, E. E. Evans-Pritchard, Early modern Europe, Early modern period, Ebola, Emma Wilby, Emperor Wu of Han, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., English language, Epidemic, Epilepsy, Epoch, Epodes (Horace), Erichtho, Ethnography, Europe, European witchcraft, Evil, Evil eye, Excommunication, Extrajudicial punishment, Fairy, Faith healing, Familiar, Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period, Feminist Press, Gaels, Gaius Furius Chresimus, Gardenia taitensis, Gerald Gardner, German language, Germanic languages, Ghana, Gong Tau: An Oriental Black Magic, Hag, Han dynasty, Health care, Hebrew Bible, Hebrews, Herb, Heresy, Hero, Highlands Region, History, History of colonialism, History of Korea, Hittites, HIV/AIDS, Holy Roman Empire, Hopi, Horace, Horse skulls, Idolatry, Incantation, Indigenous peoples, Infanticide, Infection, Initiation, Isaac Bonewits, Islam, Isolation (health care), James George Frazer, Japanese folklore, Jean La Fontaine, Johns Hopkins University Press, Judaism, Keith Thomas (historian), Kenya, Kinshasa, Leprosy, Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis, Life expectancy, Llewellyn Worldwide, London, Longman, Love magic, Lucan, Magic (supernatural), Magic and religion, Makaa people, Malawi, Malleus Maleficarum, Manchester University Press, Maqlû, Marae, Margaret Murray, Médecins Sans Frontières, Medicine man, Member of parliament, Mende people, Mesopotamia, Mexican Inquisition, Middle Ages, Middle East, Middle Low German, Midwife, Milne Bay, Milne Bay Province, Miracle, Misogyny, Modern paganism, Modern witch-hunts, Murder, Murder of Victoria Climbié, Mysticism, Navajo, Necromancy, Neopagan witchcraft, Nigeria, Occult, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Old English, Old Testament, Online Etymology Dictionary, Ovid, Owen Davies (historian), Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Paganism, Papua New Guinea, Paraíba, Penguin Books, Pentecostalism, Pernambuco, Philippines, Pliny the Elder, Poppet, Postpartum psychosis, Potion, Progress, Project Gutenberg, Prophecy, Protestantism, Proto-Indo-European root, Quran, Rabbi, Reginald Scot, Religion in ancient Rome, Religiosity, Richard A. Horsley, Richard Kieckhefer, Ritual, Rodney Needham, Roman Empire, Roman Republic, Ronald Hutton, Rune, Ruth Behar, Sacred waters, Salem witch trials, Samarai Islands, Satan, Saudi Arabia, Scapegoating, Scots language, Secret society, Secularism, Secularity, Shamanism, Shapeshifting, Shunning, Sierra Leone, Sigil, Skeptical Inquirer, Sorcery (goetia), Spirituality, Stregheria, SUNY Press, Supernatural, Superstition, Sympathetic magic, Syncretism, Syracuse University Press, Talisman, Telegraph Media Group, The Daily Telegraph, The Discoverie of Witchcraft, The Golden Ass, The New York Times, Theistic Satanism, Thelema, Torah, Toronto Star, Torture, Traditional healers of Southern Africa, Traditional medicine, Tsardom of Russia, Tuberculosis, Twelve Tables, United Nations special rapporteur, University of Toronto Press, Vice News, Villain, Violence against women, Warlock, Western world, White magic, Wicca, Wiley-Blackwell, Witch (word), Witch ball, Witch bottle, Witch camp, Witch of Endor, Witch trials in the early modern period, Witch-cult hypothesis, Witch-hunt, Witchcraft in Africa, Witchcraft in Latin America, Witchcraft in North America, Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande, World Health Organization, Yahweh, Yale University Press, Zulu people, 5th century BC.