World War I cryptography, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 44 relations: A-1 (code), Abhorchdienst, ADFGVX cipher, Admiralty Civilian Shore Wireless Service, Agnes Meyer Driscoll, Alastair Denniston, Alfred Ewing, Arthur Zimmermann, Austro-Hungarian Army, Étienne Bazeries, Battle of Tannenberg, Black Chamber, Code talker, Cryptography, Dilly Knox, Elizebeth Smith Friedman, Ernst Fetterlein, Georges Painvin, Herbert Yardley, Hermann Pokorny, History of cryptography, Imperial German Army, Imperial Russian Army, Japanese cryptology from the 1500s to Meiji, Malcolm Vivian Hay, MI1, Nigel de Grey, Oliver Strachey, OP-20-G, Playfair cipher, Polybius square, Reginald Hall, Riverbank Laboratories, Room 40, Substitution cipher, Tableau de Concordance, Trench code, Vigenère cipher, William F. Friedman, William Montgomery (cryptographer), Wireless telegraphy, World War I, World War II cryptography, Zimmermann Telegram.

2. Signals intelligence of World War I

A-1 (code)

A-1 was the designation for a code used by the United States Navy during World War I that replaced the Secret Code of 1887, SIGCODE and another system designed for radio communication. World War I cryptography and a-1 (code) are signals intelligence of World War I and World War I.

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Abhorchdienst

The Abhorchdienst (i.e. "Listening Bureau") was a German code-breaking bureau which operated during the final years of the First World War.

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ADFGVX cipher

In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a manually applied field cipher used by the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was used to transmit messages secretly using wireless telegraphy.

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Admiralty Civilian Shore Wireless Service

The Admiralty Civilian Shore Wireless Service (ACSWS) was a radio service and network of wireless stations operated by the British Royal Navy based at Irton Moor, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England from 1939 to 1956.

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Agnes Meyer Driscoll

Agnes Meyer Driscoll (July 24, 1889 – September 16, 1971), known as "Miss Aggie" or "Madame X'", was an American cryptanalyst during both World War I and World War II and was known as "the first lady of naval cryptology.".

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Alastair Denniston

Commander Alexander "Alastair" Guthrie Denniston (1 December 1881 – 1 January 1961) was a Scottish codebreaker in Room 40, deputy head of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) and hockey player.

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Alfred Ewing

Sir James Alfred Ewing MInstitCE (27 March 1855 − 7 January 1935) was a Scottish physicist and engineer, best known for his work on the magnetic properties of metals and, in particular, for his discovery of, and coinage of the word, hysteresis.

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Arthur Zimmermann

Arthur Zimmermann (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1940) was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917.

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Austro-Hungarian Army

The Austro-Hungarian Army, also known as the Imperial and Royal Army,lit; lit was the principal ground force of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918.

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Étienne Bazeries

Étienne Bazeries (21 August 1846, in Port Vendres – 7 November 1931, in Noyon) was a French military cryptanalyst active between 1890 and the First World War.

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Battle of Tannenberg

The Battle of Tannenberg, also known as the Second Battle of Tannenberg, was fought between Russia and Germany between 23 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the half of Russian Second Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov.

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Black Chamber

The Black Chamber, officially the Cable and Telegraph Section and also known as the Cipher Bureau, was the first peacetime cryptanalytic organization in the United States, operating from 1917 to 1929.

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Code talker

A code talker was a person employed by the military during wartime to use a little-known language as a means of secret communication. World War I cryptography and code talker are history of cryptography.

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Cryptography

Cryptography, or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.

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Dilly Knox

Alfred Dillwyn "Dilly" Knox, CMG (23 July 1884 – 27 February 1943) was a British classics scholar and papyrologist at King's College, Cambridge and a codebreaker.

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Elizebeth Smith Friedman

Elizebeth Smith Friedman (August 26, 1892 – October 31, 1980) was an American cryptanalyst and author who deciphered enemy codes in both World Wars and helped to solve international smuggling cases during Prohibition.

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Ernst Fetterlein

Ernst Constantin Fetterlein (3 April 1873Victor Madeira, "`Because I Don't Trust Him, We are Friends': Signals Intelligence and the Reluctant Anglo-Soviet Embrace, 1917-24", Intelligence & National Security 19(1), March 2004, pp. 29–51. – June 1944Ralph Erskine, to Intelligence Forum, 11 October 2004) was a Russian cryptographer who later defected to Britain.

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Georges Painvin

Georges Jean Painvin (28 January 1886 – 21 January 1980) was a French geologist and industrialist, best known as the cryptanalyst who broke the ADFGX/ADFGVX cipher used by the Germans during the First World War.

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Herbert Yardley

Herbert Osborn Yardley (April 13, 1889 – August 7, 1958) was an American cryptologist.

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Hermann Pokorny

Hermann Pokorny (7 April 1882 – 18 February 1960) was a World War I Austro-Hungarian Army cryptologist whose work with Russian ciphers contributed substantially to Central Powers victories over Russia.

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History of cryptography

Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers to protect secrets, began thousands of years ago.

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Imperial German Army

The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire.

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Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army or Russian Imperial Army (Rússkaya imperátorskaya ármiya) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Japanese cryptology from the 1500s to Meiji

The cipher system that the Uesugi are said to have used is a simple substitution usually known as a Polybius square or "checkerboard." The i-ro-ha alphabet contains forty-eight letters, so a seven-by-seven square is used, with one of the cells left blank. World War I cryptography and Japanese cryptology from the 1500s to Meiji are history of cryptography.

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Malcolm Vivian Hay

Major Malcolm Vivian Hay of Seaton (1881–1962) was an officer in the Gordon Highlanders, a cryptographer during the First World War, a historian of Catholic and Jewish history, and the last Laird of Seaton House in Aberdeen, Scotland.

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MI1

MI1 or British Military Intelligence, Section 1 was a department of the British Directorate of Military Intelligence, part of the War Office.

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Nigel de Grey

Nigel de Grey (27 March 1886 – 25 May 1951) was a British codebreaker. World War I cryptography and Nigel de Grey are signals intelligence of World War I.

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Oliver Strachey

Oliver Strachey CBE (3 November 1874 – 14 May 1960), a British civil servant in the Foreign Office, was a cryptographer from World War I to World War II.

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OP-20-G

OP-20-G or "Office of Chief Of Naval Operations (OPNAV), 20th Division of the Office of Naval Communications, G Section / Communications Security", was the U.S. Navy's signals intelligence and cryptanalysis group during World War II.

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Playfair cipher

The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher.

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Polybius square

The Polybius square, also known as the Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the ancient Greeks Cleoxenus and Democleitus, and made famous by the historian and scholar Polybius.

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Reginald Hall

Admiral Sir William Reginald Hall (28 June 1870 – 22 October 1943), known as Blinker Hall, was the British Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI) from 1914 to 1919.

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Riverbank Laboratories

Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories (RAL), (often referred to as Riverbank or Riverbank Labs), is a NVLAP accredited acoustical testing agency founded by George Fabyan in 1913. World War I cryptography and Riverbank Laboratories are history of cryptography.

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Room 40

Room 40, also known as 40 O.B. (old building; officially part of NID25), was the cryptanalysis section of the British Admiralty during the First World War. World War I cryptography and Room 40 are history of cryptography and signals intelligence of World War I.

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Substitution cipher

In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. World War I cryptography and substitution cipher are history of cryptography.

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Tableau de Concordance

The Tableau de Concordance was the main French diplomatic code used during World War I; the term also refers to any message sent using the code.

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Trench code

Trench codes (a form of cryptography) were codes used for secrecy by field armies in World War I.*, William Friedman, U.S. War Department, June 1942. World War I cryptography and Trench code are history of cryptography and signals intelligence of World War I.

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Vigenère cipher

The Vigenère cipher is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different Caesar cipher, whose increment is determined by the corresponding letter of another text, the key.

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William F. Friedman

William Frederick Friedman (September 24, 1891 – November 12, 1969) was a US Army cryptographer who ran the research division of the Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) in the 1930s, and parts of its follow-on services into the 1950s.

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William Montgomery (cryptographer)

Rev. World War I cryptography and William Montgomery (cryptographer) are signals intelligence of World War I.

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Wireless telegraphy

Wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraphy is transmission of text messages by radio waves, analogous to electrical telegraphy using cables.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II cryptography

Cryptography was used extensively during World War II because of the importance of radio communication and the ease of radio interception. World War I cryptography and World War II cryptography are history of cryptography.

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Zimmermann Telegram

The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note or Zimmermann Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military contract between the German Empire and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany. World War I cryptography and Zimmermann Telegram are history of cryptography, signals intelligence of World War I and World War I.

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See also

Signals intelligence of World War I

• A-1 (code)
• Nigel de Grey
• Room 40
• Trench code
• William Montgomery (cryptographer)
• World War I cryptography
• Y service
• Zimmermann Telegram

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography