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Xylose, the Glossary

Xylose (ξύλον,, "wood") is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it.^[1]

57 relations: Aldehyde, Arabinose, Biomass, Blood, Carbon, Cardiac glycoside, Chemical formula, Chondroitin sulfate, D-xylose absorption test, Embryo, Endogeny (biology), Enzyme, Fasting, Functional group, Furanose, Furfural, Hemiacetal, Hemicellulose, Heparan sulfate, Hydrogen production, Hydrogenation, Ion, Life, Lyxose, Malabsorption, Monosaccharide, O-linked glycosylation, Open-chain compound, Optical rotation, Organic redox reaction, Organic synthesis, Oxidoreductase, Pentose, Polyphosphate, Polysaccharide, Protein xylosyltransferase, Proteoglycan, Pyranose, Reducing sugar, Ribose, Saccharophagus, Serine, Sucrose, Sugar substitute, Tetrahydrofuran, Threonine, Unicellular organism, Urine, Xylan, Xylitol, ... Expand index (7 more) »
Aldopentoses
Pyranoses

Aldehyde

In organic chemistry, an aldehyde is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure.

Arabinose

Arabinose is an aldopentose – a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group. Xylose and Arabinose are aldopentoses and pyranoses.

See Xylose and Arabinose

Biomass

Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms.

See Xylose and Biomass

Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

See Xylose and Blood

Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.

See Xylose and Carbon

Cardiac glycoside

Cardiac glycosides are a class of organic compounds that increase the output force of the heart and decrease its rate of contractions by inhibiting the cellular sodium-potassium ATPase pump.

See Xylose and Cardiac glycoside

Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.

See Xylose and Chemical formula

Chondroitin sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid).

See Xylose and Chondroitin sulfate

D-xylose absorption test

D-xylose absorption test is a medical test performed to diagnose conditions that present with malabsorption of the proximal small intestine due to defects in the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

See Xylose and D-xylose absorption test

Embryo

An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.

See Xylose and Embryo

Endogeny (biology)

Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a living system such as an organism, tissue, or cell.

See Xylose and Endogeny (biology)

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

See Xylose and Enzyme

Fasting

Fasting is abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.

See Xylose and Fasting

Functional group

In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.

See Xylose and Functional group

Furanose

A furanose is a collective term for carbohydrates that have a chemical structure that includes a five-membered ring system consisting of four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

See Xylose and Furanose

Furfural

Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H3OCHO.

See Xylose and Furfural

Hemiacetal

In organic chemistry, a hemiacetal or a hemiketal has the general formula, where is hydrogen or an organic substituent.

See Xylose and Hemiacetal

Hemicellulose

A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls.

See Xylose and Hemicellulose

Heparan sulfate

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues.

See Xylose and Heparan sulfate

Hydrogen production

Hydrogen gas is produced by several industrial methods.

See Xylose and Hydrogen production

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.

See Xylose and Hydrogenation

Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.

See Xylose and Ion

Life

Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not.

See Xylose and Life

Lyxose

Lyxose is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group. Xylose and Lyxose are aldopentoses and pyranoses.

See Xylose and Lyxose

Malabsorption

Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

See Xylose and Malabsorption

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.

See Xylose and Monosaccharide

O-linked glycosylation

O-linked glycosylation is the attachment of a sugar molecule to the oxygen atom of serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues in a protein.

See Xylose and O-linked glycosylation

Open-chain compound

In chemistry, an open-chain compound (or open chain compound) or acyclic compound (Greek prefix α 'without' and κύκλος 'cycle') is a compound with a linear structure, rather than a cyclic one.

See Xylose and Open-chain compound

Optical rotation

Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.

See Xylose and Optical rotation

Organic redox reaction

Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds.

See Xylose and Organic redox reaction

Organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds.

See Xylose and Organic synthesis

Oxidoreductase

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.

See Xylose and Oxidoreductase

Pentose

In chemistry, a pentose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with five carbon atoms.

See Xylose and Pentose

Polyphosphate

A polyphosphate is a salt or ester of polymeric oxyanions formed from tetrahedral PO4 (phosphate) structural units linked together by sharing oxygen atoms.

See Xylose and Polyphosphate

Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.

See Xylose and Polysaccharide

Protein xylosyltransferase

In enzymology, a protein xylosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta-D-xylosyl residue is transferred from UDP-D-xylose to the sidechain oxygen atom of a serine residue in a protein.

See Xylose and Protein xylosyltransferase

Proteoglycan

Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated.

See Xylose and Proteoglycan

Pyranose

In organic chemistry, pyranose is a collective term for saccharides that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom (a heterocycle). Xylose and pyranose are pyranoses.

See Xylose and Pyranose

Reducing sugar

A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent.

See Xylose and Reducing sugar

Ribose

Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C5H10O5 and the linear-form composition H−(C. Xylose and Ribose are aldopentoses and pyranoses.

See Xylose and Ribose

Saccharophagus

Saccharophagus degradans is a gram-negative marine bacterium known to degrade a number of complex polysaccharides as energy source.

See Xylose and Saccharophagus

Serine

Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

See Xylose and Serine

Sucrose

Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.

See Xylose and Sucrose

Sugar substitute

A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweetness like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy than sugar-based sweeteners, making it a zero-calorie or low-calorie sweetener.

See Xylose and Sugar substitute

Tetrahydrofuran

Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O.

See Xylose and Tetrahydrofuran

Threonine

Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

See Xylose and Threonine

Unicellular organism

A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.

See Xylose and Unicellular organism

Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

See Xylose and Urine

Xylan

Xylan (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues.

See Xylose and Xylan

Xylitol

Xylitol is a chemical compound with the formula, or HO(CH2)(CHOH)3(CH2)OH; specifically, one particular stereoisomer with that structural formula.

See Xylose and Xylitol

Xylonic acid

Xylonic acid is a sugar acid that can be obtained by oxidation of the hemiacetal/aldehyde group of xylose.

See Xylose and Xylonic acid

D-Xylose is a five-carbon aldose (pentose, monosaccharide) that can be catabolized or metabolized into useful products by a variety of organisms.

See Xylose and Xylose metabolism

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylose

Also known as D-xylose, L-xylose, Wood sugar, Xylo-Pfan, Xylopyranoside, Xylosyl.

, Xylonic acid, Xylose metabolism, XYLT1, XYLT2, Xylulokinase, Xylulose, Yield (chemistry).

Xylose, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Aldopentoses

Pyranoses

References