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Adam Koc, the Glossary

Adam Ignacy Koc (31 August 1891 – 3 February 1969) was a Polish politician, MP, soldier, journalist and Freemason.^[1]

240 relations: Adam Skwarczyński, Adjutant, Aleksander Litwinowicz, Aleksander Prystor, Aleksander Sulkiewicz, Aleksandra Piłsudska, Ancient language, Annopol, Anti-communism, Antisemitism, Antoni Czubiński, Antoni Roman, April Constitution of Poland, Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz, August Zaleski, Austria-Hungary, Autarky, Axis powers, Żeligowski's Mutiny, Bank Handlowy, Bank of France, Bank Polski SA, Battle of Warsaw (1920), Beirut, Beniaminów, Biała Podlaska, Bohdan Winiarski, Bolesław Piasecki, Bordeaux, Bucharest, Camp of National Unity, Captain, Catholic Church, Central Powers, Centrolew, Chef, Chernivtsi, Coal, Colonel, Communist Party of Poland, Congress Poland, Conservatism, Cross of Independence, Cross of Valour (Poland), Currency, Customs, Dakar, Dąbrowa coat of arms, Debt, Decree, ... Expand index (190 more) »
Burials at Wolvercote Cemetery
Camp of National Unity politicians
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930)
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935)
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
People from Suwałki
People from Suwałki Governorate
Polish Freemasons
Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1938–1939)

Adam Skwarczyński

Adam Franciszek Ksawery Skwarczynski (Stary, Adam Sliwinski, Adam Plomienczyk, 1886–1934) was a Polish independence activist and politician, one of main ideologists of the Sanacja movement. Adam Koc and Adam Skwarczyński are camp of National Unity politicians, Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians and Polish Military Organisation members.

See Adam Koc and Adam Skwarczyński

Adjutant

Adjutant is a military appointment given to an officer who assists the commanding officer with unit administration, mostly the management of human resources in an army unit.

See Adam Koc and Adjutant

Aleksander Litwinowicz

Aleksander Litwinowicz (1879–1948) was a Polish general who was a member of Polish Independence Organizations before World War I and a member of the Polish Legions during the war. Adam Koc and Aleksander Litwinowicz are Recipients of the Cross of Independence and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Aleksander Litwinowicz

Aleksander Prystor

Aleksander Błażej Prystor (2 January 1874 – 1941) was a Polish politician, activist, soldier and freemason, who served as 23rd Prime Minister of Poland from 1931 to 1933. Adam Koc and Aleksander Prystor are camp of National Unity politicians, members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935), Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians, Polish Freemasons, Polish Military Organisation members, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland), Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari and senators of the Second Polish Republic (1938–1939).

See Adam Koc and Aleksander Prystor

Aleksander Sulkiewicz

Iskander Mirza Huzman Beg Sulkiewicz (8 December 1867 – 18 September 1916), known as Aleksander Sulkiewicz, was a Polish politician of Lipka Tatar ethnicity who campaigned for Polish independence and co-founded the Polish Socialist Party.

See Adam Koc and Aleksander Sulkiewicz

Aleksandra Piłsudska

Aleksandra Piłsudska (Szczerbińska; 12 December 1882 – 31 March 1963) was a Polish socialist and independence activist, member of Polish Socialist Party and Polish Military Organisation, the second wife of Józef Piłsudski. Adam Koc and Aleksandra Piłsudska are people from Suwałki and people from Suwałki Governorate.

See Adam Koc and Aleksandra Piłsudska

Ancient language

An ancient language is any language originating in times that may be referred to as ancient.

See Adam Koc and Ancient language

Annopol

Annopol is a town in south-eastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland), located in Kraśnik County.

See Adam Koc and Annopol

Anti-communism

Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals.

See Adam Koc and Anti-communism

Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

See Adam Koc and Antisemitism

Antoni Czubiński

Antoni Czubiński (22 November 1928 in Konin, Poland – 10 February 2003 in Poznań, Poland) was a Polish historian and director of the Western Institute (Instytut Zachodni) in Poznań from 1978 to 1990.

See Adam Koc and Antoni Czubiński

Antoni Roman

Antoni Roman (10 September 1892 - 28 April 1951) was a Polish politician, senator, diplomat and minister of trade and commerce in the Second Polish Republic.

See Adam Koc and Antoni Roman

April Constitution of Poland

The April Constitution of Poland (Ustawa konstytucyjna 23 IV 1935 or Konstytucja kwietniowa) was the general law passed by the act of the Polish Sejm on 23 April 1935.

See Adam Koc and April Constitution of Poland

Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz

Gabriel Narutowicz, the first president of Poland after regaining independence, was assassinated on 16 December 1922, five days after taking office, aged 57.

See Adam Koc and Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz

August Zaleski

August Zaleski (13 September 1883 – 7 April 1972) was a Polish economist, freemason, politician, and diplomat. Adam Koc and August Zaleski are Polish Freemasons.

See Adam Koc and August Zaleski

Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

See Adam Koc and Austria-Hungary

Autarky

Autarky is the characteristic of self-sufficiency, usually applied to societies, communities, states, and their economic systems.

See Adam Koc and Autarky

Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

See Adam Koc and Axis powers

Żeligowski's Mutiny

Żeligowski's Mutiny (bunt Żeligowskiego, also, Želigovskio maištas) was a Polish false flag operation led by General Lucjan Żeligowski in October 1920, which resulted in the creation of the Republic of Central Lithuania.

See Adam Koc and Żeligowski's Mutiny

Bank Handlowy

Bank Handlowy w Warszawie (BHW), rebranded Citibank Handlowy in 2003 and Citi Handlowy in 2007, is a Polish bank based in Warsaw, Poland.

See Adam Koc and Bank Handlowy

Bank of France

The Bank of France (Banque de France, the name used by the bank to refer to itself in all English communications) is the French member of the Eurosystem.

See Adam Koc and Bank of France

Bank Polski SA

Bank Polski SA, full name Bank Polski Spółka Akcyjna, was the central bank of the Second Polish Republic.

See Adam Koc and Bank Polski SA

Battle of Warsaw (1920)

The Battle of Warsaw (Bitwa Warszawska; Варшавская битва, Varshavskaya bitva), also known as the Miracle on the Vistula (Cud nad Wisłą), was a series of battles that resulted in a decisive Polish victory in 1920 during the Polish–Soviet War.

See Adam Koc and Battle of Warsaw (1920)

Beirut

Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

See Adam Koc and Beirut

Beniaminów

Beniaminów is a village in Poland, administratively located in the Legionowo County in the Masovian Voivodeship.

See Adam Koc and Beniaminów

Biała Podlaska

Biała Podlaska (Alba Ducalis) is a city in eastern Poland with 56,498 inhabitants It is situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the capital of Biała Podlaska Voivodeship (1975–1998).

See Adam Koc and Biała Podlaska

Bohdan Winiarski

Bohdan Stefan Winiarski (27 April 1884 – 4 December 1969) was a Polish politician and jurist who served as President of the International Court of Justice from 1961 to 1964.

See Adam Koc and Bohdan Winiarski

Bolesław Piasecki

Bolesław Bogdan Piasecki, alias Leon Całka, Wojciech z Królewca, Sablewski (18 February 1915 – 1 January 1979) was a Polish writer, politician and political theorist. Adam Koc and Bolesław Piasecki are Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Bolesław Piasecki

Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Bordèu; Bordele) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, southwestern France.

See Adam Koc and Bordeaux

Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania.

See Adam Koc and Bucharest

Camp of National Unity

Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego (Camp of National Unity; abbreviated "OZN"; and often called "Ozon" (Polish for "ozone")) was a Polish political party founded in 1937 by sections of the leadership in the Sanacja movement.

See Adam Koc and Camp of National Unity

Captain

Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, etc.

See Adam Koc and Captain

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

See Adam Koc and Catholic Church

Central Powers

The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).

See Adam Koc and Central Powers

Centrolew

The Centrolew ('Center-Left') was a coalition of several Polish political parties (Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", German Socialist Labour Party of Poland, Polish People's Party "Piast", National Workers' Party, Polish Socialist Party and Christian-democratic parties) after the 1928 parliamentary election.

See Adam Koc and Centrolew

Chef

A chef is a professional cook and tradesperson who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.

See Adam Koc and Chef

Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi (Чернівці,; Cernăuți,; see also other names) is a city in southwestern Ukraine on the upper course of the Prut River.

See Adam Koc and Chernivtsi

Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.

See Adam Koc and Coal

Colonel

Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries.

See Adam Koc and Colonel

Communist Party of Poland

The interwar Communist Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP) was a communist party active in Poland during the Second Polish Republic.

See Adam Koc and Communist Party of Poland

Congress Poland

Congress Poland or Congress Kingdom of Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw.

See Adam Koc and Congress Poland

Conservatism

Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values.

See Adam Koc and Conservatism

Cross of Independence

Cross of Independence (Krzyż Niepodległości) was the second highest Polish military decoration between World Wars I and II. Adam Koc and Cross of Independence are Recipients of the Cross of Independence.

See Adam Koc and Cross of Independence

Cross of Valour (Poland)

The Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych) is a Polish military decoration. Adam Koc and Cross of Valour (Poland) are Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland).

See Adam Koc and Cross of Valour (Poland)

Currency

A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins.

See Adam Koc and Currency

Customs

Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country.

See Adam Koc and Customs

Dakar

Dakar (Ndakaaru) is the capital and largest city of Senegal.

See Adam Koc and Dakar

Dąbrowa coat of arms

Dąbrowa is a Polish coat of arms originated from the Duchy of Masovia.

See Adam Koc and Dąbrowa coat of arms

Debt

Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor.

See Adam Koc and Debt

Decree

A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures.

See Adam Koc and Decree

Devaluation

In macroeconomics and modern monetary policy, a devaluation is an official lowering of the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange-rate system, in which a monetary authority formally sets a lower exchange rate of the national currency in relation to a foreign reference currency or currency basket.

See Adam Koc and Devaluation

Druskininkai

Druskininkai (also see other names) is a spa city on the Nemunas River in southern Lithuania, close to the borders of Belarus and Poland.

See Adam Koc and Druskininkai

Edward Rydz-Śmigły

Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły also called Edward Śmigły-Rydz, (11 March 1886 – 2 December 1941) was a Polish politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland's armed forces, as well as a painter and poet. Adam Koc and Edward Rydz-Śmigły are camp of National Unity politicians, Polish Military Organisation members, Recipients of the Cross of Independence and Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland).

See Adam Koc and Edward Rydz-Śmigły

Encirclement

Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces.

See Adam Koc and Encirclement

English Electric

The English Electric Company Limited (EE) was a British industrial manufacturer formed after the armistice ending the fighting of World War I by amalgamating five businesses which, during the war, made munitions, armaments and aeroplanes.

See Adam Koc and English Electric

Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski

Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (30 December 1888, Kraków – 22 August 1974, Kraków) was a Polish politician and economist, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, government minister and manager of the Second Polish Republic. Adam Koc and Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski are Polish Military Organisation members.

See Adam Koc and Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski

Fascism

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

See Adam Koc and Fascism

Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski

Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski (9 June 1885, Gąbin – 31 August 1962 London) was a Polish physician, general, and politician who served as Minister of Internal Affairs and as the 28th Prime Minister of Poland before and at the Outbreak of World War II. Adam Koc and Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski are camp of National Unity politicians, members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935), Polish Freemasons, Recipients of the Cross of Independence, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski

Filipów, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Filipów (Pilypavas) is a village in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

See Adam Koc and Filipów, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

See Adam Koc and Franklin D. Roosevelt

Freemasonry

Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 14th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients.

See Adam Koc and Freemasonry

French–Polish Rail Association

French–Polish Rail Association (Polish: Francusko-Polskie Towarzystwo Kolejowe, FPTK, French: Compagnie Franco-Polonaise de Chemins de Fer, CFPCF) was a Joint-stock company, established in 1931 to complete construction and then usage of the Polish Coal Trunk-Line.

See Adam Koc and French–Polish Rail Association

Front (military)

In a military context, the term front can have several meanings.

See Adam Koc and Front (military)

Front Morges

The Front Morges was a political alliance of centrist political parties (Polish Christian Democratic Party, National Workers' Party, Związek Hallerczyków) of interbellum Poland.

See Adam Koc and Front Morges

Gabriel Narutowicz

Gabriel Józef Narutowicz (29 March 1865 – 16 December 1922) was a Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering and politician who served as the first President of Poland from 11 December 1922 until his assassination on 16 December, five days after assuming office. Adam Koc and Gabriel Narutowicz are Polish Freemasons.

See Adam Koc and Gabriel Narutowicz

Gaia Gai

Hayk Bzhishkian (Հայկ Բժշկյան,, also known as Guy Dmitrievich Guy, Gai Dmitrievich Gai (Гай Дмитриевич Гай), Gaya Gai (Гая Гай), – 11 December 1937), was a Soviet military commander of Armenian origin who fought in the Russian Civil War and Polish–Soviet War.

See Adam Koc and Gaia Gai

Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (. Collins English Dictionary Galicja,; translit,; Galitsye) is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

See Adam Koc and Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Gazeta Polska (1929–1939)

Gazeta Polska was an important newspaper in the interwar Poland, published from 1929 to 1939 in Warsaw.

See Adam Koc and Gazeta Polska (1929–1939)

General Inspector of the Armed Forces

General Inspector of the Armed Forces (Generalny Inspektor Sił Zbrojnych; GISZ) was an office created in the Second Polish Republic in 1926, after the May Coup.

See Adam Koc and General Inspector of the Armed Forces

General strike

A general strike is a strike action in which participants cease all economic activity, such as working, to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal.

See Adam Koc and General strike

Gold

Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.

See Adam Koc and Gold

Gold standard

A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold.

See Adam Koc and Gold standard

Government-in-exile

A government-in-exile (GiE) is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a sovereign state or semi-sovereign state, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country.

See Adam Koc and Government-in-exile

Governor of the Bank of England

The governor of the Bank of England is the most senior position in the Bank of England.

See Adam Koc and Governor of the Bank of England

Grand Duchy of Finland

The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, was the predecessor state of modern Finland.

See Adam Koc and Grand Duchy of Finland

Great Depression

The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.

See Adam Koc and Great Depression

Greek language

Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.

See Adam Koc and Greek language

Grodno

Grodno (Гродно; Grodno) or Hrodna (Гродна) is a city in western Belarus.

See Adam Koc and Grodno

Henryk Floyar-Rajchman

Henryk Floyar-Rajchman (December 7, 1893 – March 22, 1951) was a Polish statesman and a founding member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America for Research in the Modern History of Poland created in New York City in July 1943. Adam Koc and Henryk Floyar-Rajchman are Polish Military Organisation members, Recipients of the Cross of Independence, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Henryk Floyar-Rajchman

Henryk Leon Strasburger

Henryk Leon Strasburger (27 May 1887 – 2 May 1951) was a Polish economist, general commissioner in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk) and delegate to the League of Nations.

See Adam Koc and Henryk Leon Strasburger

Ignacy Daszyński

Ignacy Ewaryst Daszyński (26 October 1866 – 31 October 1936) was a Polish socialist politician, journalist, and very briefly Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic's first government, formed in Lublin in 1918.

See Adam Koc and Ignacy Daszyński

Ignacy Jan Paderewski

Ignacy Jan Paderewski (– 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist, composer and statesman who was a spokesman for Polish independence. Adam Koc and Ignacy Jan Paderewski are Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Ignacy Jan Paderewski

Ignacy Matuszewski

Ignacy Hugo Stanisław Matuszewski (– 3 August 1946) was a Polish politician, publicist, diplomat, Minister of Finance of the Second Polish Republic, colonel, infantry officer and intelligence agent of the Polish Army, member of the International Olympic Committee. Adam Koc and Ignacy Matuszewski are Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians, Polish Military Organisation members and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Ignacy Matuszewski

Interventionism (politics)

Interventionism, in international politics, is the interference of a state or group of states into the domestic affairs of another state for the purposes of coercing that state to do something or refrain from doing something.

See Adam Koc and Interventionism (politics)

Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.

See Adam Koc and Invasion of Poland

Jagiellonian University

The Jagiellonian University (UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland.

See Adam Koc and Jagiellonian University

Jan Dąbski

Jan Dąbski (10 April 1880 in Kukizów, Galicia– 5 June 1931 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish politician. Adam Koc and Jan Dąbski are members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930) and members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935).

See Adam Koc and Jan Dąbski

Jan Lechoń

Leszek Józef Serafinowicz (pen name: Jan Lechoń; 13 March 1899 – 8 June 1956) was a Polish poet, literary and theater critic, diplomat, and co-founder of the Skamander literary movement and the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America.

See Adam Koc and Jan Lechoń

Jan Piłsudski

Jan Piłsudski (15 January 1876 – 21 December 1950), was a Polish politician and younger brother of Marshal Józef Piłsudski. Adam Koc and Jan Piłsudski are members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930), members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935) and Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians.

See Adam Koc and Jan Piłsudski

Jan Szembek (diplomat)

Jan Szembek (11 July 1881 – 9 July 1945) was a Polish diplomat, one of the most influential ones in the final years of the Second Polish Republic and a close associate of Józef Beck.

See Adam Koc and Jan Szembek (diplomat)

January Uprising

The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at putting an end to Russian occupation of part of Poland and regaining independence.

See Adam Koc and January Uprising

Józef Beck

Józef Beck (4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer. Adam Koc and Józef Beck are camp of National Unity politicians, Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians and senators of the Second Polish Republic (1938–1939).

See Adam Koc and Józef Beck

Józef Piłsudski

Józef Klemens Piłsudski (5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (1918–1922) and first Marshal of Poland (from 1920). Adam Koc and Józef Piłsudski are Polish Military Organisation members and Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland).

See Adam Koc and Józef Piłsudski

Józef Piłsudski Institute of America

The Józef Piłsudski Institute of America (full name: Józef Piłsudski Institute of America for Research in the Modern History of Poland) is a museum and research center devoted to the study of modern Polish history and named after the Polish interwar statesman Józef Piłsudski located in Greenpoint, Brooklyn.

See Adam Koc and Józef Piłsudski Institute of America

Józefów

Józefów is a town in east-central Poland, located in Masovian Voivodeship, in Otwock County.

See Adam Koc and Józefów

Jerzy Rutkowski

Jerzy Rutkowski (23 April 1914 – 18 December 1989) was a Polish political activist and resistance soldier who was born in Kiev and died in Warsaw.

See Adam Koc and Jerzy Rutkowski

Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

See Adam Koc and Jews

Juliusz Łukasiewicz

Juliusz Łukasiewicz (May 6, 1892 – April 6, 1951) was a Polish diplomat, an ambassador of Poland to the Soviet Union and France, and a Polish Freemason. Adam Koc and Juliusz Łukasiewicz are Polish Freemasons.

See Adam Koc and Juliusz Łukasiewicz

Kalisz

Kalisz is a city in central Poland, and the second-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, with 97,905 residents (December 2021).

See Adam Koc and Kalisz

Kazimierz Świtalski

Kazimierz Stanisław Świtalski (4 March 1886 – 28 December 1962) was a Polish politician, diplomat, soldier, military officer in the Polish Legions and 18th Prime Minister of Poland between April and December 1929. Adam Koc and Kazimierz Świtalski are members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935), Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians, Polish Military Organisation members, Recipients of the Cross of Independence and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Kazimierz Świtalski

Kazimierz Sosnkowski

General Kazimierz Sosnkowski (Warsaw, 19 November 1885 – 11 October 1969, Arundel, Quebec) was a Polish independence fighter, general, diplomat, and architect. Adam Koc and Kazimierz Sosnkowski are Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland).

See Adam Koc and Kazimierz Sosnkowski

Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

See Adam Koc and Kingdom of Italy

Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

See Adam Koc and Kraków

Krotoszyn

Krotoszyn (Krotoschin, קראטאשין Krotoshin) is a town in west-central Poland with 29,485 inhabitants.

See Adam Koc and Krotoszyn

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See Adam Koc and Latin

Legion of Honour

The National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre royal de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil, and currently comprises five classes.

See Adam Koc and Legion of Honour

Lieutenant colonel

Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel.

See Adam Koc and Lieutenant colonel

Limanowa

Limanowa (Ilmenau, לימינוב Liminuv) is a town in southern Poland, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

See Adam Koc and Limanowa

Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

See Adam Koc and Liver

London Paddington station

Paddington, also known as London Paddington, is a London railway station and London Underground station complex, located on Praed Street in the Paddington area.

See Adam Koc and London Paddington station

Lublin

Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland.

See Adam Koc and Lublin

Lucjan Żeligowski

Lucjan Żeligowski (17 October 1865 – 9 July 1947) was a Polish-Lithuanian general, politician, military commander and veteran of World War I, the Polish-Soviet War and World War II. Adam Koc and Lucjan Żeligowski are Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians and Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland).

See Adam Koc and Lucjan Żeligowski

Lutsk

Lutsk (Луцьк,; see below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine.

See Adam Koc and Lutsk

Lviv

Lviv (Львів; see below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the sixth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.

See Adam Koc and Lviv

Lwów Voivodeship

Lwów Voivodeship (Województwo lwowskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939).

See Adam Koc and Lwów Voivodeship

Maciej Rataj

Maciej Rataj (19 February 1884 – 21 June 1940) was a Polish politician, speaker of the Polish Parliament and deputy President of the Republic of Poland, and writer.

See Adam Koc and Maciej Rataj

Magdeburg

Magdeburg is the capital of the German state Saxony-Anhalt.

See Adam Koc and Magdeburg

Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.

See Adam Koc and Malaria

Marian Kukiel

Marian Włodzimierz Kukiel (pseudonyms: Marek Kąkol, Stach Zawierucha; 15 May 1885 - 15 August 1973) was a Polish major general, historian, social and political activist. Adam Koc and Marian Kukiel are Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Marian Kukiel

Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski

Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski (16 March 1892 – 12 April 1946) was a Polish politician, freemason and military officer who served as voivode of Białystok Voivodeship in 1930-1934, Mayor of Warsaw in 1934 and 27th Prime Minister of Poland from 1935 to 1936. Adam Koc and Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski are camp of National Unity politicians, members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930), members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935), Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians, Polish Freemasons, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski

May Coup (Poland)

The May Coup (przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a coup d'état carried out in Poland by Marshal Józef Piłsudski from 12 to 14 May 1926.

See Adam Koc and May Coup (Poland)

Mayor

In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town.

See Adam Koc and Mayor

Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district.

See Adam Koc and Member of parliament

Metropolitan-Vickers

Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse.

See Adam Koc and Metropolitan-Vickers

Montagu Norman, 1st Baron Norman

Montagu Collet Norman, 1st Baron Norman DSO PC (6 September 1871 – 4 February 1950) was an English banker, best known for his role as the Governor of the Bank of England from 1920 to 1944.

See Adam Koc and Montagu Norman, 1st Baron Norman

Nasielsk

Nasielsk is a small town in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.

See Adam Koc and Nasielsk

National Defence University of Warsaw

The National Defence University of Warsaw (– AON) was the civil-military highest defence academic institution in Poland, located in Warszawa–Rembertów.

See Adam Koc and National Defence University of Warsaw

National Democracy (Poland)

National Democracy (Narodowa Demokracja, also known from its abbreviation ND as Endecja) was a Polish political movement active from the second half of the 19th century under the foreign partitions of the country until the end of the Second Polish Republic.

See Adam Koc and National Democracy (Poland)

National Radical Camp

The National Radical Camp (Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny, ONR) was an ultranationalist and antisemitic political movement which existed in the pre-World War II Second Polish Republic, and an illegal Polish anti-communist, WIEM Encyklopedia and nationalist political party formed on 14 April 1934 mostly by the youth radicals who left the National Party of the National Democracy movement.

See Adam Koc and National Radical Camp

National Workers' Union (Poland)

The National Workers' Union (Narodowy Związek Robotniczy, NZR) was a political party in Poland.

See Adam Koc and National Workers' Union (Poland)

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See Adam Koc and Nazi Germany

New York Stock Exchange

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City.

See Adam Koc and New York Stock Exchange

Night of the Long Knives

The Night of the Long Knives (Nacht der langen Messer), also called the Röhm purge or Operation Hummingbird (Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934.

See Adam Koc and Night of the Long Knives

Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government

The Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (Bezpartyjny Blok Współpracy z Rządem,; abbreviated BBWR) was a "non-political" organization in the interwar Second Polish Republic, in 1928–35.

See Adam Koc and Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government

Oath crisis

The Oath crisis (Kryzys przysięgowy; German: Eidkrise) was a World War I political conflict between the Imperial German Army command and the Józef Piłsudski-led Polish Legions.

See Adam Koc and Oath crisis

Order of Polonia Restituta

The Order of Polonia Restituta (Order Odrodzenia Polski, Order of Restored Poland) is a Polish state order established 4 February 1921.

See Adam Koc and Order of Polonia Restituta

Ostrów Mazowiecka

Ostrów Mazowiecka is a town in eastern Poland with 23,486 inhabitants (2004).

See Adam Koc and Ostrów Mazowiecka

Oxford

Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

See Adam Koc and Oxford

Ozone

Ozone (or trioxygen) is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.

See Adam Koc and Ozone

Pension (lodging)

A pension is a type of guest house or boarding house.

See Adam Koc and Pension (lodging)

Piłsudski's colonels

Piłsudski's colonels,, TIME, Monday, April 07, 1930, TIME, Monday, December 25, 1933 or the colonels' regime (in Polish called simply "the colonels"), dominated the government of the Second Polish Republic from 1926 to 1939.

See Adam Koc and Piłsudski's colonels

Piłsudskiite

A Piłsudskiite was a political supporter of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, the founder of the First World War Polish Legions and the first Chief of State of the Second Republic of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Piłsudskiite

Pierre-Étienne Flandin

Pierre-Étienne Flandin (12 April 1889 – 13 June 1958) was a French conservative politician of the Third Republic, leader of the Democratic Republican Alliance (ARD), and Prime Minister of France from 1934 to 1935.

See Adam Koc and Pierre-Étienne Flandin

Piotrków Trybunalski

Piotrków Trybunalski (also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021).

See Adam Koc and Piotrków Trybunalski

PKO Bank Polski

Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski Spółka Akcyjna or PKO Bank Polski S.A., in short PKO BP or simply PKO, is a multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Warsaw, Poland.

See Adam Koc and PKO Bank Polski

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the representation of another person's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work.

See Adam Koc and Plagiarism

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.

See Adam Koc and Pneumonia

Podgórze

Podgórze (German: Josefstadt) is a district of Kraków, Poland, situated on the right (southern) bank of the Vistula River, at the foot of Lasota Hill.

See Adam Koc and Podgórze

Podlachia

Podlachia, (translit) or Podlasie (Polish), is a historical region in the north-eastern part of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Podlachia

Podporuchik

Podporuchik (potporučnik, podporučík, podporucznik, подпору́чик, подпоручик, podporučík) is the most junior officer in some Slavic armed forces, and is placed below the rank of lieutenant, typically corresponding to rank of second lieutenant in English-speaking countries.

See Adam Koc and Podporuchik

Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

See Adam Koc and Poland

Polish Armed Forces

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland (Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej,; abbreviated SZ RP), also called the Polish Armed Forces and popularly called Wojsko Polskie in Poland (roughly the "Polish Military"—abbreviated WP) are the national armed forces of the Republic of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Polish Armed Forces

Polish Coal Trunk-Line

The Coal Trunk-Line (Magistrala Węglowa) is one of the most important rail connections in Poland.

See Adam Koc and Polish Coal Trunk-Line

Polish diaspora

The Polish diaspora comprises Poles and people of Polish heritage or origin who live outside Poland.

See Adam Koc and Polish diaspora

Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum

The Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum (Instytut Polski i Muzeum im.), known as Sikorski Institute, named after General Władysław Sikorski, is a leading London-based museum and archive for research into Poland during World War II and the Polish diaspora.

See Adam Koc and Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum

Polish Legions in World War I

The Polish Legions (Legiony Polskie) was a name of the Polish military force (the first active Polish army in generations) established in August 1914 in Galicia soon after World War I erupted between the opposing alliances of the Triple Entente on one side (comprising the British Empire, the French Republic and the Russian Empire) and the Central Powers on the other side, comprising the German Empire and Austria-Hungary.

See Adam Koc and Polish Legions in World War I

Polish Military Organisation

The Polish Military Organisation, PMO (Polska Organizacja Wojskowa, POW) was a secret military organization that was formed during World War I (1914–1918).

See Adam Koc and Polish Military Organisation

Polish National Government (January Uprising)

The Polish National Government of 1863–64 was an underground Polish supreme authority during the January Uprising, a large scale insurrection during the Russian partition of the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

See Adam Koc and Polish National Government (January Uprising)

Polish Northern Front (1920)

The Northern Front was one of the largest strategic formations of the Polish Army.

See Adam Koc and Polish Northern Front (1920)

Polish Rifle Squads

The Polish Rifle Squads (Polskie Drużyny Strzeleckie, PDS) was a Polish pro-independence paramilitary organization, founded in 1911 by the Youth Independence Organization Zarzewie in the Austro-Hungarian sector of partitioned Poland.

See Adam Koc and Polish Rifle Squads

The Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a socialist political party in Poland.

See Adam Koc and Polish Socialist Party

Polish studies

Polish studies, Polish philology or Polonistics (filologia polska, or polonistyka) is the field of humanities that researches, documents and disseminates the Polish language and Polish literature in both historic and present-day forms.

See Adam Koc and Polish studies

Polish złoty

The Polish złoty (alternative spelling: zloty; Polish: polski złoty,;The nominative plural, used for numbers ending in 2, 3 and 4 (except those in 12, 13 and 14), is złote; the genitive plural, used for all other numbers, is złotych abbreviation: zł; code: PLN)Prior to 1995, code PLZ was used instead.

See Adam Koc and Polish złoty

Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (late autumn 1918 / 14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic before it became a union republic in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, on territories which were previously held by the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy following the Partitions of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Polish–Soviet War

Powązki Cemetery

Powązki Cemetery (Cmentarz Powązkowski), also known as Stare Powązki (Old Powązki), is a historic necropolis located in Wola district, in the western part of Warsaw, Poland.

See Adam Koc and Powązki Cemetery

Power station

A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

See Adam Koc and Power station

Prisoner-of-war camp

A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured as prisoners of war by a belligerent power in time of war.

See Adam Koc and Prisoner-of-war camp

Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland

The Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland (Tymczasowy Rząd Ludowy Republiki Polskiej), also known as the Government of Ignacy Daszyński, was established on 7 November 1918 in Lublin.

See Adam Koc and Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland

Pseudonym

A pseudonym or alias is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym).

See Adam Koc and Pseudonym

Railway air brake

A railway air brake is a railway brake power braking system with compressed air as the operating medium.

See Adam Koc and Railway air brake

Railway electrification

Railway electrification is the use of electric power for the propulsion of rail transport.

See Adam Koc and Railway electrification

Różopole, Krotoszyn County

Różopole is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyn, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

See Adam Koc and Różopole, Krotoszyn County

Regency Council (Poland)

The Regency Council: Ostrowski, Kakowski, Lubomirski The Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland was a semi-independent and temporarily appointed highest authority (head of state) in partitioned Poland during World War I. It was formed by Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary within historically Polish lands in September 1917 after dissolution of the previous authority – Provisional Council of State (January – August 1917), due to the oath crisis.

See Adam Koc and Regency Council (Poland)

Rembertów

Rembertów is a district of the city of Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Rembertów

Riflemen's Association

The Polish Riflemen's Association, known as Związek Strzelecki (or more commonly, in the plural form as Związki Strzeleckie) formed in great numbers prior to World War I. One of the better known associations the "Strzelec" ('Rifleman'), was a Polish paramilitary cultural and educational organization created in 1910 in Lwów as a legal front of the Związek Walki Czynnej (ZWC - Union of Active Struggle).

See Adam Koc and Riflemen's Association

Right-wing politics

Right-wing politics is the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position based on natural law, economics, authority, property, religion, biology, or tradition.

See Adam Koc and Right-wing politics

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

See Adam Koc and Romania

Royal Castle, Warsaw

The Royal Castle in Warsaw (Zamek Królewski w Warszawie) is a state museum and a national historical monument, which formerly served as the official royal residence of several Polish monarchs.

See Adam Koc and Royal Castle, Warsaw

Russian Partition

The Russian Partition (zabór rosyjski), sometimes called Russian Poland, constituted the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that were annexed by the Russian Empire in the course of late-18th-century Partitions of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Russian Partition

Russian Revolution of 1905

The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, began on 22 January 1905.

See Adam Koc and Russian Revolution of 1905

Sabotage

Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization, destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction.

See Adam Koc and Sabotage

Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

See Adam Koc and Saint Petersburg

Sanation

Sanation (Sanacja) was a Polish political movement that was created in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 ''Coup d'État'', and came to power in the wake of that coup.

See Adam Koc and Sanation

Sea Cliff, New York

Sea Cliff is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States.

See Adam Koc and Sea Cliff, New York

Second Cabinet of Władysław Sikorski

Second Cabinet of Władysław Sikorski (Polish: Drugi rząd Władysława Sikorskiego) was the first cabinet of the Polish Government in Exile, formed after Nazi Germany invasion and seize of Poland in September–October 1939, headed by General and former Prime Minister (1922-1923).

See Adam Koc and Second Cabinet of Władysław Sikorski

Second Department of Polish General Staff

The Polish General Staff's Section II (Polish: Oddział II Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego, also called Dwójka) was a section of the Polish General Staff in the Second Polish Republic.

See Adam Koc and Second Department of Polish General Staff

Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

See Adam Koc and Second Polish Republic

Sejm

The Sejm, officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Sejm

Senate of Poland

The Senate (Senat) is the upper house of the Polish parliament, the lower house being the Sejm.

See Adam Koc and Senate of Poland

Siemkowice

Siemkowice is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

See Adam Koc and Siemkowice

Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.

See Adam Koc and Socialism

St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

The St.

See Adam Koc and St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

Stanisław Car

Stanisław Car (26 April 1882 – 18 June 1938) was a Polish politician, lawyer, Marshal of the Sejm, deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Justice. Adam Koc and Stanisław Car are members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935).

See Adam Koc and Stanisław Car

Stanisław Kot

Stanisław Kot (22 October 188526 December 1975) was a Polish historian and politician.

See Adam Koc and Stanisław Kot

Stanisław Skwarczyński

Stanisław Eugeniusz Skwarczyński (1888–1981) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army, officer of Polish Legions in World War I, and General brygady of the Polish Army. Adam Koc and Stanisław Skwarczyński are camp of National Unity politicians, officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Polish Freemasons, Polish Military Organisation members, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Stanisław Skwarczyński

Stanisław Szeptycki

Stanisław Maria Jan Teofil Szeptycki (3 November 1867 – 9 October 1950) was a Polish count, general and military commander. Adam Koc and Stanisław Szeptycki are Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland).

See Adam Koc and Stanisław Szeptycki

Stanisław Wojciechowski

Stanisław Wojciechowski (15 March 1869 – 9 April 1953) was a Polish politician and scholar who served as President of Poland between 1922 and 1926, during the Second Polish Republic.

See Adam Koc and Stanisław Wojciechowski

Stanisławów Voivodeship

Stanisławów Voivodeship (Województwo stanisławowskie) was an administrative district of the interwar Poland (1920–1939).

See Adam Koc and Stanisławów Voivodeship

Statism

In political science, statism or etatism (from French état 'state') is the doctrine that the political authority of the state is legitimate to some degree.

See Adam Koc and Statism

Stefan Starzyński

Stefan Bronisław Starzyński (19 August 1893 – between 21 and 23 December 1939) was a Polish statesman, economist, military officer and Mayor of Warsaw before and during the Siege of 1939. Adam Koc and Stefan Starzyński are camp of National Unity politicians, members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935), Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians, Polish Military Organisation members and senators of the Second Polish Republic (1938–1939).

See Adam Koc and Stefan Starzyński

Sterling area

The sterling area (or sterling bloc, legally scheduled territories) was a group of countries that either adopted or pegged their currencies to the pound sterling.

See Adam Koc and Sterling area

Stróża, Limanowa County

Stróża is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobra, within Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

See Adam Koc and Stróża, Limanowa County

Strike action

Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike and industrial action in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work.

See Adam Koc and Strike action

Suraż

Suraż is a town in north-eastern Poland situated in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, seat of Gmina Suraż in the Białystok County.

See Adam Koc and Suraż

Suwałki

Suwałki (Suvalkai; סואוואַלק or סוּוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with a population of 69,206 (2021).

See Adam Koc and Suwałki

Symon Petliura

Symon Vasyliovych Petliura (Симон Васильович Петлюра; – 25 May 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist.

See Adam Koc and Symon Petliura

Szczypiorno

Szczypiorno is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Kalisz, Poland, located in its south-western part.

See Adam Koc and Szczypiorno

Tadeusz Żuliński (activist)

Tadeusz Żuliński (28 May 1889, Lwow – 5 November 1915, Kamieniucha), pseudonym Roman Barski, was an activist, member of Polska Partia Socjalistyczna - Frakcja Rewolucyjna and Związek Walki Czynnej (from 1908), Związek Strzelecki (from 1910). Adam Koc and Tadeusz Żuliński (activist) are Polish Military Organisation members.

See Adam Koc and Tadeusz Żuliński (activist)

Tadeusz Kasprzycki

Tadeusz Adam Kasprzycki (16 January 1891 – 4 December 1978) was a member of the Polish Legions in First World War, major general of the Polish Armed Forces from 1929 and Minister of Military Affairs of Poland from 1935 to 1939. Adam Koc and Tadeusz Kasprzycki are Polish Military Organisation members, Recipients of the Cross of Independence, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Tadeusz Kasprzycki

Tadeusz Kościuszko

Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko; 4 or 12 February 174615 October 1817) was a Polish military engineer, statesman, and military leader who then became a national hero in Poland, the United States, Lithuania and Belarus.

See Adam Koc and Tadeusz Kościuszko

Tadeusz Piskor

Tadeusz Ludwik Piskor (1889–1951) was a Polish Army general. Adam Koc and Tadeusz Piskor are Recipients of the Cross of Independence, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Tadeusz Piskor

Tarnopol Voivodeship

Tarnopol Voivodeship (Województwo tarnopolskie; Ternopilske voievodstvo) was an administrative region of interwar Poland (1918–1939), created on 23 December 1920, with an area of 16,500 km2 and provincial capital in Tarnopol (now Ternopil, Ukraine).

See Adam Koc and Tarnopol Voivodeship

Trans-Olza

Trans-Olza (Zaolzie,; Záolží, Záolší; Olsa-Gebiet), also known as Trans-Olza Silesia (Śląsk Zaolziański), is a territory in the Czech Republic, which was disputed between Poland and Czechoslovakia during the Interwar Period.

See Adam Koc and Trans-Olza

Travel visa

A visa (lat. 'something seen', pl. visas) is a conditional authorization granted by a polity to a foreigner that allows them to enter, remain within, or leave its territory.

See Adam Koc and Travel visa

Triple Alliance (1882)

The Triple Alliance was a defensive military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

See Adam Koc and Triple Alliance (1882)

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

See Adam Koc and Ukraine

Union of Active Struggle

The Union of Active Struggle (Związek Walki Czynnej; ZWC), also translated as Union for Active Struggle and Union for Active Resistance, was a Polish secret military organization founded in June 1908 in Lwów by Józef Piłsudski, Marian Kukiel, Kazimierz Sosnkowski and Władysław Sikorski, all members of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party in the Kingdom of Poland.

See Adam Koc and Union of Active Struggle

Upper Silesian Industrial Region

The Upper Silesian Industrial Region (Górnośląski Okręg Przemysłowy,, Polish abbreviation: GOP; Oberschlesisches Industriegebiet) is a large industrial region in Poland.

See Adam Koc and Upper Silesian Industrial Region

Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was the French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

See Adam Koc and Vichy France

Virtuti Militari

The War Order of Virtuti Militari (Latin: "For Military Virtue", Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari) is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war.

See Adam Koc and Virtuti Militari

Volhynia

Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) (Volynʹ, Wołyń, Volynʹ) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and western Ukraine.

See Adam Koc and Volhynia

Volunteer Army (Poland)

The Volunteer Army (Armia Ochotnicza) was a military formation of the Polish Army, created at the height of the Polish–Soviet War.

See Adam Koc and Volunteer Army (Poland)

Vulture

A vulture is a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion.

See Adam Koc and Vulture

Waldorf Astoria New York

The Waldorf Astoria New York is a luxury hotel and condominium residence in Midtown Manhattan in New York City.

See Adam Koc and Waldorf Astoria New York

Walery Sławek

Walery Jan Sławek (2 November 1879 – 3 April 1939) was a Polish politician, freemason, military officer and activist, who in the early 1930s served three times as Prime Minister of Poland. Adam Koc and Walery Sławek are members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930), members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935), Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians, Polish Freemasons, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Walery Sławek

Warsaw

Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland. Adam Koc and Warsaw are Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Warsaw

Władysław Raczkiewicz

Władysław Raczkiewicz (28 January 1885 – 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and President of Poland-in-exile from 1939 until his death in 1947. Adam Koc and Władysław Raczkiewicz are Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians.

See Adam Koc and Władysław Raczkiewicz

Władysław Sikorski

Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (20 May 18814 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader. Adam Koc and Władysław Sikorski are Recipients of the Cross of Independence, Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) and Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.

See Adam Koc and Władysław Sikorski

Władysław Studnicki

Władysław Gizbert-Studnicki (15 November 1867 – 10 January 1953) was a Polish politician and publicist.

See Adam Koc and Władysław Studnicki

Władysław Wróblewski

Władysław Wróblewski (21 March 1875, Kraków – 19 August 1951, Łódź) was a Polish szlachcic, politician, scientist, diplomat and lawyer.

See Adam Koc and Władysław Wróblewski

Wincenty Witos

Wincenty Witos (21 or 22 January 1874 – 31 October 1945) was a Polish statesman, prominent member and leader of the Polish People's Party (PSL), who served three times as the Prime Minister of Poland in the 1920s. Adam Koc and Wincenty Witos are members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930) and members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935).

See Adam Koc and Wincenty Witos

Wolvercote Cemetery

Wolvercote Cemetery is a cemetery in the parish of Wolvercote and district of Cutteslowe in Oxford, England. Adam Koc and Wolvercote Cemetery are Burials at Wolvercote Cemetery.

See Adam Koc and Wolvercote Cemetery

Zdzisław Lubomirski

Prince Zdzisław Lubomirski (1865–1943) was a Polish aristocrat, landowner, lawyer, a conservative politician and social activist. Adam Koc and Zdzisław Lubomirski are Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians.

See Adam Koc and Zdzisław Lubomirski

Ziemiańska

Ziemiańska or Mała Ziemiańska (the name coined after the term ziemianin, meaning member of Polish landed gentry) was a coffeehouse in Warsaw.

See Adam Koc and Ziemiańska

1928 Polish parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 4 March 1928, with Senate elections held a week later on 11 March.

See Adam Koc and 1928 Polish parliamentary election

1935 Polish parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 8 September 1935, with Senate elections held a week later on 15 September.

See Adam Koc and 1935 Polish parliamentary election

1st Brigade, Polish Legions

Brigade I of the Polish Legions (I Brygada Legionów Polskich, Brigade I der Polnischen Legion, A Lengyel Légió I. Dandárja) was a unit of Austro-Hungarian Army, manned by Poles under Austrian occupation, part of the Polish Legions in World War I, existing from 1914 to 1917.

See Adam Koc and 1st Brigade, Polish Legions

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Koc

Also known as Koc, Adam.

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Adam Koc, the Glossary

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